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	Bolshevik - explanation-Guide.info - for information, definition, meaning, reference - free encyclopedia, glossary of ...
		Shortly after the Bolsheviks seized power during the Russian Revolution of 1917, they changed their name to the All-Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks) in 1918 and were generally known as the Communist Party after that point.
		Although the Bolsheviks were not completely monolithic, they were characterized by a rigid adherence to the leadership of the central committee, based on the notion of democratic centralism.
		When Kerensky moved against the Bolsheviks on October 22 by ordering the arrest of their Military Revolutionary Council, banning the Bolshevik newspaper and cutting off telephone lines to the Bolshevik headquarters in the Smolny Institute, Trotsky urged that the Bolsheviks' decision on overthrowing the government be put into action.
	explanation-guide.info /meaning/Bolshevik.html (1397 words)

	Encyclopedia: 28 Bolsheviks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Finally, however, the Bolshevik forces, freed by the conclusion of the war with Poland, were able to concentrate against Wrangel, who was forced back to the Crimea (Nov. 1) and then obliged to evacuate his army to Constantinople (Nov. 14).
		The Bolsheviks played a minor role in the 1905 revolution, and were a minority in the St. Petersburg Soviet of Workers' Deputies led by Trotsky.
		When Kerensky moved against the Bolsheviks on October 22 by ordering the arrest of their Military Revolutionary Committee, banning the Bolshevik newspaper and cutting off telephone lines to the Bolshevik headquarters in the Smolny Institute, Trotsky urged that the Bolsheviks' decision on overthrowing the government be put into action.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/28-Bolsheviks (3409 words)

	28 Bolsheviks - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Twenty Eight Bolsheviks were a group of Chinese students who studied at the Moscow Sun Yat-sen University from the late 1920s until early 1935.
		28 Bolsheviks might have been another Skull and Bones Society at first.But when it was used by their mentors in Moscow to engage in the power of struggle of CPC, they became victims and victimized others.
		Today in China 28 Bolsheviks is the code name for doctrinairism and leftism and puppet for imperialism or chauvinism.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/28_Bolsheviks (1236 words)

	Zunyi Conference - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Zhou's speech gave Mao and his suppoters golden opportunity.Then Zhang Wentian announced his defection from the 28 Bolsheviks camp by heavily criticized Bo Gu and his leftism although Zhang used to be an active advocate of leftism.
		Lucky for Zhou, because as an old CPC member unlike Bo Gu who just came back from Moscow being arrogant and immature, Zhou had good relation with many senior leaders and was smooth and slick, that was the secret for his survival in rounds of power struggle.
		After the Zunyi Conference, CPC turned its way from 28 Bolsheviks' leftism and extremism by adopting Mao and his supporters' way which was more flexible and compatible with the reality of China.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Zunyi_Conference (1001 words)

	1917-21. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The workmen were given control over the factories (Nov. 28, 1917), and by the summer of 1918 all the larger plants (and subsequently the smaller ones) were nationalized (law of June 28, 1918).
		Monarchists and members of the propertied classes, who favored political and economic restoration, as well as Liberals and Moderate Socialists who were opposed to the Communist dictatorship, were all more or less united in their refusal to accept the disastrous Brest-Litovsk treaty.
		The British and French, who regarded the Bolsheviks as tools of the German general staff and were eager to keep supplies and munitions from falling into the hands of the Germans, encouraged and supported movements among the opponents of the Bolsheviks.
	www.bartleby.com /67/2066.html (553 words)

	World Socialist Movement - History: Russian Socialism ?????
		This article is intended not to rehash those arguments, but to show that the Bolsheviks never expected to set up socialism in 1917, that from the outset their supposed "workers' state" intentionally directed its oppression against the workers, and was actually state capitalism.
		When it was beneficial to the Bolsheviks, they said "all power to the Soviets." Within a month of taking power they had dissolved one of those soviets, and dissolved another 17 days later.
		When it was beneficial to the Bolsheviks, they said "all power to the Factory Committees," but 9 days after taking power, they subordinated the factory committees to the trades unions and congresses which were more under the control of the Bolsheviks, and to the state itself under the direct control of the Bolsheviks.
	www.worldsocialism.org /wsm-pages/russoc.html (1266 words)

	Zhang Wentian - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A native of Pudong Shanghai, Zhang joined the CPC in 1925 and was sent to study at Moscow Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, which was set up under Kuomintang's founder Sun Yat-sen's policy of alliance between the Soviet Union and CPC to train Chinese revolutionaries and named after him.
		Around 1930 Zhang and his fellows in 28 Bolsheviks such as Wang and Bo Gu returned to China to take charge of the CPC with support from their mentors in Moscow, and they won the power struggle with Li Lisan who was in charge of the CPC at that time.
		Owing to 28 Bolshevikss being immature and extremists in revolution, the CPC suffered from great losses in cities under their direction, which resulted in Zhang and other prominent figures retreating to the CPC base in Jiangxi in 1933.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zhang_Mintian (544 words)

	Europe/Former Soviet Union Region
		The Bolshevik government moved to Moscow on March 12, 1918, and Leon Trotsky was appointed as Commissar of War on April 13, 1918.
		Bolshevik troops attacked Nikolaevsk in eastern Russia in March 1920, resulting in the deaths of 700 Japanese troops and civilians and 6,000 Russian civilians.
		King Boris III died in Sofia on August 28, 1943, and six-year old Prince Symeon assumed the throne on August 29, 1943 (a council of regents headed by Prince Kiril, brother of former King Boris, was appointed to rule on behalf of King Symeon II on September 14, 1943).
	faculty.uca.edu /~markm/tpi_narratives_europe.htm (18775 words)

	Session 68 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		For several decades, descriptions of the rule of the "28 Bolsheviks" have dominated Western publications on CCP history of the 1930s.
		In 1933 "the Party Centre was firmly in the hands of the 28 Bolsheviks" (Jerome Ch’en, 1986).
		However, these interpretations were often based on a small number of dubious sources and suffered from a lack of biographical data concerning the "28 Bolsheviks" and other leading CCP members.
	www.aasianst.org /absts/1999abst/china/c-68.htm (948 words)

	Wang Ming - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		With his mentor's strong support, Wang and his 28 Bolshevik associates entered the power center of the CCP in the 4th Plenary Meeting of 6th National Congress of CCP, by way of labeling both Li and old CCP members such as He and Luo Zhanglong (罗章龙) as dissidents.
		Among these people, Zhang, Bo Gu and Li were members of the 28 Bolsheviks and close associates of Wang, so Wang could still keep remote control over CCP through his associates.
		In the Zunyi Conference, the 28 Bolsheviks dissolved.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Wang_Ming (3199 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Workmen's and Soldiers' Congress Resolution, 28 October 1917
		Reproduced below is the text of a series of resolutions passed by the Workmen's and Soldiers' Congress on 28 October 1917.
		The resolutions largely dealt with the Bolsheviks' intention to bring an end to the war, and specifically with Russia's intention to withdraw from the war.
		The Government considers a peace to be democratic and equitable, which is aspired to by a majority of the working classes of all the belligerent countries, worn out and ruined by war - the peace which the Russian workmen called for on the fall of the monarchy.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/bolshevik_28oct1917.htm (332 words)

	war and social upheaval: Russian Revolution and the Baltic Republics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Bolsheviks prepared to seize the country, but there was not yet an armistace and the Germans moved to protect Estonia.
		The Bolsheviks prepared to seize the country, but there was not yet an armistace and the Germans moved to occupy Estonia (December 1917).
		The Bolsheviks under the terms of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk were required to agree to the loss of Latvia.
	histclo.hispeed.com /essay/war/com/sov/rr-br.html (1385 words)

	Footnotes to History- U to Z
		The UNR was unstable, and had great difficulty in maintaining the territory it claimed against intrusion by Bolshevik, White Russian, and Cossack factions.
		When he was forced by the Bolsheviks to retreat into Mongolia in 1920, he determined to establish a new Mongol Empire, with himself controlling a figurehead Emperor.
		A second rebellion under the guidance of SR politicians at Okhotsk proclaimed a Provisional Yakut Government in the spring of 1922, but the Bolsheviks controlled the centers of population and industry, and expelled the Yakut nationalists within a matter of months.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natuz.htm (4997 words)

	Li Lisan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1915 he came to Changsha for high school and saw the advertisement for friends in newspaper, which was written by a student from First Normal School of Changsha with the pen name 28 Strokes.
		And the 28 Bolsheviks took the advantage of this opportunity to denounce Li.
		Under Mif’s direction, the 4th Plenary Meeting of 6th National Congress of CPC was held, Li was replaced by Mif’s protégé Wang Ming, and his associates in28 Bolsheviks took other important jobs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Li_Lisan (1219 words)

	Bolsheviks
		The Bolsheviks played little part in the 1905 Revolution because most of their leaders were living in exile.
		Vladimir Lenin and other Bolsheviks living in exile were now desperate to return to Russia to help shape the future of the country.
		The workers in the factories are also strongly inclined to go with the Bolsheviks, because they know that only the end of the war will give them the food, for the lack of which they are half-starving.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /RUSbolsheviks.htm (2809 words)

	NBP-INFO :: NEWS ARCHIVE :: NOVEMBER 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On 28 November Kaluga nazbols decided to celebrate, combining pleasant with the useful.
		Today, at 13.20, during conduction of the press conference of A. Chubays, which passed within the framework of 4 conference of RAO ES of Russia (electricity monopolist company which is headed by Chubays) in the cultural center MGIMO, this offensive representative of Russian political fauna was attacked by national-bolsheviks.
		In the morning took place the symbolic assault of the Kremlin (during this day in 1917 began armed riot in Moscow), and in the afternoon national-bolsheviks handed to the colleagues of Latvian embassy notice about the fact that the embassy will be reorganized into the representation of Riga province in Moscow.
	www.nbp-info.org /archive/2003/11 (676 words)

	Hieroconfessor Agathangelus, Metropolitan Of Yaroslavl (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Agathangelus was consecrated Bishop of Kirensk, the second vicariate of the Irkutsk diocese, by Archbishop Benjamin of Irkutsk and Bishop Macarius of Selenginsk in the Irkutsk Ascension monastery.
		During the Civil War the people of Yaroslavl rebelled against the Bolsheviks, and although Metropolitan Agathangelus feared the result in the form of fratricidal bloodshed, he nevertheless blessed the insurgents.
		The revenge of the victorious Bolsheviks was terrible, but they did not touchthe metropolitan, whose authority was too great.
	www.orthodox.net /russiannm/agathangelus-metropolitan-and-hieroconfessor-of-yaroslavl.html (1228 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Bolsheviks
		Communism as a concrete social and political system made its first appearance in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the state erected by the...
		Civil War, Russian, armed conflict that began in 1918 in the former Russian Empire between the newly formed Bolshevik (Communist) government and its...
		Bolshevik Revolution : pictures related to the October Revolution
	encarta.msn.com /Bolsheviks.html (127 words)

	Union of Councils for Soviet Jews: Russian Supreme Court Halts Efforts to Disband National Bolsheviks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Russian Supreme Court has upheld a ruling by the Moscow Oblast Court refusing a request by the Moscow Oblast Department of Justice to "liquidate" (disband) the extremist National Bolshevik Party in Moscow Oblast, according to a November 19, 2001 report on ORT television.
		The head of the National Bolsheviks-Eduard Limonov-is in prison on weapons charges and the efforts of the Moscow Oblast Department of Justice to liquidate the local branch of the organization are seen by some as part of a general crackdown on the organization.
		The National Bolsheviks routinely incite violence against ethnic minorities and have been implicated in incidents of racist violence.
	www.fsumonitor.com /stories/112801Russ2.shtml (143 words)

	Bolshevism and Menshevism
		In the first Duma of 1906, which was boycotted by the Social Democrats, the liberal Constitutional Democrats were the strongest party, but in 1907 the Social Democrats took part in the elections.
		In 1912 the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks formally became separate parties.
		In World War I, the Bolsheviks hoped for the defeat of czarist Russia and sought to transform the conflict into an international civil war that would bring the proletariat to power.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0808194.html (382 words)

	Pravda.RU:National bolsheviks aimed at Zyuganov, but hit Lenin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The question of bringing action against two young men, who threw tomatoes at leader of the KPRF (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) Gennady Zyuganov in Samara /the Volga region/, is being considered, the press service of the Samara Main Interior Department informed RIA Novosti on Tuesday.
		At present it is being decided whether to apply penal or administrative sanctions to the disturbers, the source said.
		During Tuesday' meeting of Zyuganov and journalists in Samara's House of Scientists the two members of the National Bolshevik Party intruded inside, throwing tomatoes at the leader of the KPRF.
	newsfromrussia.com /accidents/2003/10/28/50849_.html (208 words)

	The Militant - March 28, 2005 -- Facing capitalism’s ‘long hot winter’
		The Bolshevik leaders’ analysis was developed in the heat of revolutionary activity, applying what they had internalized from studying similar, earlier efforts by Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, the founding leaders of the modern communist movement, to apply the materialist dialectic to turning points in history.
		In doing so, they were signaling their unequivocal break with all elements of the world socialist movement that, with the guns of August, either had politically gone over to imperialism, or had vacillated in face of the Second International’s capitulatory course.
		The Bolsheviks were taking a name synonymous with being in the front ranks of the proletariat—among “the most advanced and resolute section,” in the words of the Manifesto—in its march toward power, toward the dictatorship of the proletariat.
	www.themilitant.com /2005/6912/691250.html (2810 words)

	Untitled Document
		The bolsheviks were also supporting anarchist revolts all over the world from Europe to Buenos Aires, Argentina.(29)
		One cartoon, entitled "Amateur Night," depicted a bearded bolshevik on a stage labeled "Europe" and under attack from the audience.
		As the "amateur" was pounded with bricks and garbage the proverbial stage hook reached out to pull him from view.
	peace.saumag.edu /swark/articles/ahq/arkansas/redscare/redscare270.html (267 words)

	EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight - Arch-Conservative Pundits in Russia Characterize Bush Administration as “Neo-Bolshevik”
		Such aggressive idealism reminds the analysts of the Bolsheviks, who, shortly after staging their coup in 1917, vigorously pursued their fantasy of engineering a global communist revolution.
		Though polar opposites ideologically, the Bush administration and the Bolsheviks seem to share a zealously held belief in the righteousness of their cause, the Moscow analysts contend.
		During the early Bolshevik era, the People’s Commissariat of Foreign Affairs sought to develop mutually beneficial relations with the world’s leading capitalist countries.
	www.eurasianet.org /departments/insight/articles/eav092805.shtml (1157 words)

	Russia: TV archive unlocks myth of revolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Now their story is to be used by the TV company WarkClements as the narrative spine of a two-part documentary promising to "unpack" the myths of the Russian revolution and the lethal battle for power that followed.
		At a Bolshevik celebration rally in New York's Carnegie Hall on the night of 23 March 1917, a telegram of support from Jacob Schiff of Kuhn, Loeb and Co. was read out.
		The Bolsheviks also received assistance from Armand Hammer Hammer's Occidental Oil Company is at the moment building a 1600 mile chemicals pipeline in southern Russia.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1120073/posts (3636 words)

	More on Bolshevism and the Bolsheviks and more on terminology - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Thus “Bolsheviks” were the big or large majority and Mensheviks were a minority.
		Brown from the brown shirts they wore and Bolsheviks because they were proposing many of the same beliefs that the Russian Bolsheviks were without the internationalist and egalitarian views and with racial ones.
		When Hitler came to power he liquidated the racial Bolsheviks in what was known as the “night of the long knives”.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=41313 (1678 words)

	Station Information - Liu Bocheng (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Liu, nicknamed The One-eyed Dragon began his career as a mercenary in the warlord armies of Sichuan Province.
		On the Long March, Liu was Red Army Chief of Staff and supported the Maoist line against the 28 Bolsheviks.
		During the Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945) he commanded the 129th Division of the Eighth Route Army Soviet Base Area in Northeast China.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/l/li/liu_bocheng.html (106 words)

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