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Topic: 281 BC

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	Seleucid Triumph (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Demetrius I Balas was Seleucid Emperor from 175 BC to 147 BC.
		In 165 BC Demetrius was forced to concede loss of the provinces to the newly established Hasmonean Kingdom, a vassal of Egypt.
		In 50 BC, he attempted an invasion of Cilicia, which was fought off by Rome, and resulted in the sacking of Antioch on the Orontes and the return of the capital to Seleucia on the Tigris.
	www.changingthetimes.net /samples/0to9/seleucid_triumph.htm (8165 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for 281
		John Day river, 281 mi (452 km) long, rising in several branches in the Strawberry Mts., NE Oreg., and flowing W, then N to the Columbia River.
		281 or 271 BC, consort and half sister of Ptolemy I, king of ancient Egypt.
		Ptolemy II (Ptolemy Philadelphus), c.308-246 BC, king of ancient Egypt (285-246 BC), of the Macedonian dynasty, son of Ptolemy I and Berenice (c.340-281 BC).
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=281 (647 words)

	Ancient Greece - Printer-friendly - MSN Encarta
		The most famous was the kingdom of the Attalids in Asia Minor, which held power from about 250 to 133 bc, with the wealthy city of Pergamum as its capital.
		In Bactria, a region of Central Asia, Greek leaders broke from the Seleucid kingdom in about 250 bc and formed one of their own, which flourished on the trade in luxury goods between India and China and the Mediterranean world.
		Therefore, in the 2nd century bc when the kingdoms had been weakened by war, some mainland Greeks appealed for help from the region’s growing superpower, Rome.
	encarta.msn.com /text_1741501460___14/Ancient_Greece.html (1124 words)

	Parthians, A History Of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		By 200 BC Arsaces' successors were firmly established along the southern shore of the Caspian Sea.
		In 95 BC the Armenian Tigranes II, a hostage at the court of Mithradates, was placed on the throne of Armenia by his Parthian overlord, and the small kingdoms of northern Mesopotamia--Adiabene, Gordyene, and Osroene--gave allegiance to Mithradates.
		Mithradates II died about 87 BC, although he may have died earlier, since the period after 90 BC is dark and a usurper named Gotarzes may have ruled for a few years in Mesopotamia.
	history-world.org /parthians.htm (3949 words)

	Lysimachus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		When Antigonus’s son Demetrius I of Macedon renewed hostilities (297 BC), during his absence in Greece, Lysimachus seized his towns in Asia Minor, but in 294 BC concluded a peace whereby Demetrius was recognized as ruler of Macedonia.
		In 284 BC Arsinoe, desirous of gaining the succession for her sons in preference to Agathocles (the eldest son of Lysimachus), intrigued against him with the help of her brother Ptolemy Keraunos; they accused him of conspiring with Seleucus to seize the throne, and he was put to death.
		In 281 BC, Lysimachus crossed the Hellespont into Lydia, and at the decisive Battle of Corupedium was killed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lysimachus (704 words)

	Seleucus I Nicator Summary
		When the Macedonian empire was divided in 323 BC (the "Partition of Babylon"), Seleucus was given the office of chiliarch, which attached him closely to the regent Perdiccas.
		Over the course of nine years (311-302 BC), while Antigonus was occupied in the west, Seleucus brought the whole eastern part of Alexander's empire as far as the Jaxartes and Indus Rivers under his authority.
		Through a treaty sealed in 303 BC, Seleucus ceded what is now Pakistan and southern Afghanistan but received 500 elephants, which were to play a key role in the battles that were to come.
	www.bookrags.com /Seleucus_I_Nicator (1710 words)

	Pergamon in Mythology
		In 281 BC, upon the death of Lysimachos, Western Anatolia and Pergamon fell under the control of the King of Syria, Antiochos.
		In 190 BC, the Romans engaged in war and defeated the Syrian King Antiocus in the area near Pergamon called Magnesia.
		In 138 BC Attalos II died, and was succeeded by his cousin Attalos III.
	www.istanbulportal.com /Anatolia/Pergamon.aspx (1167 words)

	Grapes Unlimited
		In 309 BC he built a new capital, Lysimacheia, and in 306 BC declared himself King of Thrace.
		Lysimachos was killed at the battle of Koros in 281 BC and was succeeded by the Ptolemy Keraunos.
		BC) was King of the Odrysae and allied with Perseas of Macedonia against the Romans.
	www.grapesunlimited.com /thracianOldestCivilization.html (2401 words)

	Hellenisitic Kingdoms - Ancient Greek coins of the - Calgary Coin Gallery
		During the confusion that followed Alexander's death he was appointed governor of Thrace and in 305 BC assumed the title of King and began a military expansion extending from Thrace into much of Asia Minor.
		In 281 BC he defeated Lysimachos, extending his territory to include all of Alexander's realm except for Egypt.
		In 305 BC he took the title of King, establishing a Dynasty that lasted for 275 years and at its height control all of Egypt as well as parts of Palestine, Syria, Phonecia, and the island of Cyprus.
	www.calgarycoin.com /ancient04.htm (644 words)

	Seleukos I Nikator
		Although Antigonos and Demetrios made several further attempts to remove Seleukos between 311 and 308 BC he was able to maintain control with the aid of the loyal Babylonians.
		At Ipsos in 301 BC the alliance was successful in defeating and killing Antigonos, leaving Seleukos to claim Syria where he founded the western capital of Antioch-on-the-Orontes.
		The situation reached its climax in 281 when Lysimachos was defeated and killed at the battle of Koroupedion.
	www.seleukids.org /Seleukos.htm (694 words)

	Kingdoms of Greece - Macedonians
		Of Hellenic stock, the Macedonians probably arrived in the northernmost parts of Greece on the tail-end of the Dorian influx during the period 1200-700 BC.
		334 BC The post-Mycenaean colony of Lydia, in Asia Minor, is conquered.
		323 BC From this point, a variety of Hellenic kingdoms are created from Alexander's vast empire, including Hellenic Egypt, the Seleucid Empire, Pergamum, and the Macedonian Kingdom of Bactria.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GreeceMacedonia.htm (138 words)

	Celt: Celts on the Balkans and in Asia Minor :: 0 A.D. :: Wildfire Games
		In 277 BC Antigonus Gonatas defeated the rest of them in the vicinity of Lysimachia (on the Thracian Chersonesus), which made him popular enough to become king of Macedonia later that year.
		Yet a third group of Galatians crossed over to Asia Minor in 277 BC, where everyone was so petrified, that no one dared resist them until king Antiochus I defeated the foreigners with his elephants in 273 BC, for which he was proclaimed the Soter (‘saviour’) of Asia.
		BC and was annexed and organised into a Roman province by emperor Augustus in 25 BC.
	wildfiregames.com /0ad/page.php?p=1563 (578 words)

	Seleucid Empire, page 1 (Seleucus I - Timarchos)
		Seleucus was assassinated by the disgruntled son of Ptolomy in 281 BC.
		Son of Seleucus I. Coregent 294 - 281 BC; Sole Reign 281 - 261 BC.
		Son of Antiochus I. Coregent 266 - 261 BC; Sole Reign 261 - 246 BC.
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/seleucia/seleucid.html (456 words)

	Ancient Macedonian kings (from Philip III Perseius) - From 323 BC
		Ancient Macedonian kings (from Philip III Perseius) - From 323 BC The Macedonian Empire was divided between small and big state leaded by: Egypt (Kingdom of Ptolomeius), The Kingdom of Seleuk Nikator and Macedonia.
		By the battle at Cypupedion in 281 BC was ended the rule of Lizimachus and the entire territory of the kingdom of Alexander III, without Egypt became a part of the Kingdom of Seleuk Nikator.
		His son Perseius (179-167 BC) has leaded the third Macedonian-Roman war and was defeated by the Romans at the battle of Pidna 167 BC.
	www.mymacedonia.net /history/kings.htm (366 words)

	Ptolemy II Philadelphus Summary
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus (Greek: Πτολεμαίος Φιλάδελφος, 309–246 BC), was the king of Ptolemaic Egypt from 281 BC to 246 BC.
		His half-brother Ptolemy Ceraunus found compensation by becoming king in Macedonia in 281 BC, and perished in the Gallic invasion of 280-79 BC (see Brennus).
		In a second war with the Seleucid kingdom, under Antiochus II Theos (after 260 BC), Ptolemy sustained losses on the seaboard of Asia Minor and agreed to a peace by which Antiochus married his daughter Berenice (ca 250 BC).
	www.bookrags.com /Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus (937 words)

	Seleucus I
		B.C., Seleucus gained a large part of Asia Minor and all of Syria.
		He finally won Asia Minor by defeating Lysimachus in the battle at Corupedion in Lydia in 281, an event that marked the end of the Diadochi.
		It began to decline in 190 BC after a first defeat by the Romans and lasted until 64 BC when the last Seleucid king, Antiochus XIII, was murdered by Sampsiceramus, an Arab emir, at the behest of Pompey the Great.
	www.afghanchamberofcommerce.com /history/seleucus_i.htm (321 words)

	Greece and the Greek Islands - Ancient Greek coins of - Calgary Coin Gallery
		Prior to the mid-5th century BC Aigina was a major sea power, which is why the "sea turtle" was adopted as the civic symbol.
		In 457 - 456 BC Aigina was besieged and then defeated by Athens.
		Aigina's importance as a sea power was greatly reduced, and there after the land tortoise replaced the sea turtle as the symbol on her coinage.
	www.calgarycoin.com /ancient01.htm (128 words)

	Lysimachus - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		He joined (314 BC) the other Diadochi— Cassander, Ptolemy I, and Seleucus I —in the league against Antigonus I, and after the defeat of Antigonus at Ipsus, Lysimachus took W Asia Minor as his share (301 BC).
		In 286 BC he added Macedonia to his kingdom by defeating Pyrrhus.
		Five years later Lysimachus was defeated in a war with Seleucus and was killed in battle at Corupedium near Magnesia ad Sipylum.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-lysimach.html (310 words)

	Valerius
		Maximus Corvinus (Corrinus?), consul 312 BC, 289 BC
		Manius Valerius Maximus Corvinus Messalla, consul 263 BC
		Publis Valerius Cato[?], scholar, poet 1st century BC
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/va/Valerius.html (134 words)

	Antiochos I Soter (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In 301 BC he was placed in charge of the Seleukid cavalry at the Battle of Ipsos and detailed to divert the forces of Demetrios Poliorketes while the army of
		The death of Seleukos in 281 BC came as a great blow to Antiochos.
		While Antiochos was dealing with the problems of the west, this young man, Seleukos by name, seems to have betrayed his father's trust and raised the standard of revolt.
	www.seleukids.org /AntiochosI.htm (549 words)

	281 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		281 BC Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC
		Decades: 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC - 280s BC - 270s BC 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC
		286 BC 285 BC 284 BC 283 BC 282 BC 281 BC 280 BC 279 BC 278 BC 277 BC 276 BC
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/2/28/281_bc.html (161 words)

	[No title]
		In particular, this route was used to bring timber from the AMANUS and TAURUS mountains to the first literate, urban civilizations of Southern Mesopotamia and probably by Assyrian traders in metals passing to and from their outpost at Kultepe in Central Anatolia.
		Like many other such foundations, the role of Zeugma which means "link" in Greek, or "bridge", was to protect the communications of the Seleucid Empire which stretched from the Mediterranean Sea, near its Western capital of ANTIOCH, to INDIA.
		In the second and first centuries BC, ROME gradually came to supplant the Seleucid Empire in the West, but the PARTHIAN KINGDOM in the East also saw itself as a successor to Alexander´s GREEK EMPIRE.
	www.angelfire.com /ar/atay/ZEUGMA/ZeugMain.html (513 words)

	outline 21
		Polybius (1.1.5): For who is so useless or indolent as not to wish to know by what means and under what system the Romans in less than fifty-three years (200-146 BC) have succeeded in subjecting nearly the whole inhabited world to their sole government-- a thing unique in history?
		281 BC Tarentum invited Pyrrhus to help her in a war against Thurii
		148 BC is crushed by Quintus Caecilius Metellus
	www.utexas.edu /courses/macedonia/outline_21.htm (281 words)

	Harlan J. Berk, Ltd. - Ancient Coins - Buy or Bid Sale
		This type with the head of the goat, instead of the forepart of the goat on the reverse, appears to be extremely rare.
		Syria, Seleucus I; 312-281 BC, Tetradrachm, Antioch on the Orontes / c.
		Syracuse, 5th Republic; 214-12 BC, AE 22, 12.46g.
	www.harlanjberk.com /currentbbs/text_unsold.asp?inventorygroup=cc (1151 words)

	[No title]
		Founded by the Miletians in the early Sixth Century B.C. at the mouth of the Boog, near its confluence with the Dnieper -- the important intersection of trade routes between Scythia, Asia and the Mediterranean region, Olbia soon became an influential trading and cultural loci of Greek civilization.
		Bronze dolphins first appeared in Olbia between 550-525 B.C. Apollo-Dolphinium had been the most important god of the Miletian settlers, and the dolphin was the main attribute of this god.
		These fish-coins were the last figure-shaped coins of the Greek world.Bronze dolphins first appeared in Olbia between 550-525 B.C. Apollo-Dolphinium had been the most important god of the Miletian settlers, and the dolphin was the main attribute of this god.
	www.russian-coins.net /auc7tob1.htm (2341 words)

	Bible Prophecy 2
		But she will not retain her position of power, nor will he remain with his power, but she will be given up, along with those who brought her in and the one who sired her as well as he who supported her in those times."
		[Ptolemy III (246-222 BC), Berenice's brother ("one of the descendants of her line"), upon hearing of Berenice's murder, launched a successful campaign against Seleucus II (246-225 BC) who fled to Asia Minor.
		He was successful up until his defeat at Raphia in 217 BC, a loss which nullified his previous gains.
	www.allabouttruth.org /bible-prophecy-2.htm (742 words)

	Marriage Practices
		Seleucus I Nicator (Nicator, "the Victor") (around 358-281 BC) was one of Alexander the Great's generals who, after Alexander's death in 323 BC, established himself and his family in Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau, ruling as far as the Indus region.
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus (309-246 BC), was of a delicate constitution, no Macedonian warrior-chief of the old style.
		His brother Ptolemy Ceraunus found compensation by becoming king in Macedonia in 281, and perished in the Gallic invasion of 280-79 (see Brennus).
	www.world-destiny.org /marprac3.htm (1118 words)

	Roman Republic: 753-31 BC
		753-31 BC The Founding of the City: 753-262 BC 1184 BC: Aeneas arrives in Italy [Legendary]
		The Beginnings of the Roman Expansion: 510-31 BC 451 BC: The Twelve Tables
		390 BC: Rome is sacked by the Gauls
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/Mediterranean/RomeRep.html (74 words)

	[No title]
		In 281 BC Seleukos was assasinated but the kings who followed him maintained friendly relationship with mighty Mauryan emperors for some time (records exist that Antiochus II was in friendly terms with Chandragupta's son Bindusara).
		During 151-150 BC, a Seleukid pretender, Alexander Balas, Attalos II of Pergamum, Ariarathes V of Cappadocia, Ptolemy VI and the Roman Senate, arrived in Ake-Ptolemais, to lay claim to the Seleukid throne.
		Seleucid monarch, Antiochus III (223-187 BC) carried out the third Greek (first Greek invasion is considered to be by Alexander while second is by Seleucus) invasion of India in 206 BC.
	www.med.unc.edu /~nupam/greek1.html (1794 words)

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