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Topic: 2D computer graphics

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Windowing system

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	Computer graphics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Computer graphics (CG) is the field of visual computing, where one utilizes computers both to generate visual images synthetically and to integrate or alter visual and spatial information sampled from the real world.
		The first major advance in computer graphics was the development of the Sketchpad in 1962 by Ivan Sutherland.
		However, all the "computer graphic" effects in that film were hand-drawn animation, and the special effects sequences were produced entirely with conventional optical and model effects.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Computer_graphics (972 words)

	Computer animation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Computer animation is the art of creating moving images via the use of computers.
		Computer animation is faster than traditional drawn or stop motion animation, because the animated figure is only created ('drawn') once on the computer monitor.
		In 2D computer animation, moving objects are often referred to as “sprites.” A sprite is an image that has a location associated with it.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Computer_animation (1813 words)

	2D computer graphics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		2D computer graphics are mainly used in applications that were originally developed upon traditional printing and drawing technologies, such as typography, cartography, technical drawing, advertising, etc..
		2D graphics models may combine geometric models (also called vector graphics), digital images (also called raster graphics), text to be typeset (defined by content, font style and size, color, position, and orientation), mathematical functions and equations, and more.
		In object oriented graphics, the image is described indirectly by an object endowed with a self-rendering method—a procedure which assigns colors to the image pixels by an arbitrary algorithm.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2D_computer_graphics (1507 words)

	3D computer graphics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		3D computer graphics are distinct from 2D computer graphics in that a three-dimensional virtual representation of objects is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering images.
		In general, the art of 3D graphics is akin to sculpting or photography, while the art of 2D graphics is analogous to painting.
		Modern 3D computer graphics rely heavily on a simplified reflection model called Phong reflection model, which should not be confused with Phong shading which is an entirely different subject.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/3D_computer_graphics (1413 words)

	Learn more about Computer graphics in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Computer graphics is the field of synthesising or augmenting imagery through digital means, for artistic, engineering, recreational or scientific purposes.
		The first advance in computer graphics was in the use of CRTss to represent 2D computer graphics.
		With the birth of the workstation computers (like LISP machines, paintbox computers and Silicon Graphics workstations) came the 3D computer graphics, based on vector or "wire-frame" representations of virtual objects.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /c/co/computer_graphics.html (510 words)

	Graphics Sites on the Net (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Caltech Computer Graphics Group The Caltech Computer Graphics Lab, is part of the NSF Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization.
		Cornell Program of Computer Graphics The Program of Computer Graphics at Cornell University is an inter-disciplinary graphics center dedicated to the development of interactive graphics techniques and the uses of these techniques in a variety of applications.
		MIT Computer Graphics Society The purpose of the MIT Computer Graphics Society (MITCGS) is to encourage the use of computers as an artistic medium.
	desktoppublishing.com /graphicsites.html (599 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		2D computer graphics typically do not involve the need for any kind of three-dimensional internal representation of objects or lighting characteristics in the computer; that field is customarily reserved for 3D computer graphics.
		In 2D computer graphics, the computer screen may be considered as a canvas on which an image is drawn or composed.
		Several techniques exist for rendering 2D graphics on a computer screen; these may be broadly categorized into raster graphics, in which a rectangular array of pixels is drawn to the screen, and vector graphics, in which images are composed of mathematical representations of lines, curves, and other geometric shapes.
	www.informationgenius.com /encyclopedia/2/2d/2d_computer_graphics.html (449 words)

	ModBlog - proneg's ModBlog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		2D computer graphics is the computer-based generation of digital images—mostly its based on two-dimensional models (such as 2D geometric models, text, and digital images) and by techniques specific to them.
		2D graphics models can combine geometric models (also called vector graphics), digital images (also called raster graphics), text to be typeset (defined by content, font style and size, color, position, and orientation), mathematical functions and equations, and more.
		Computer graphics (CGis the field of visual, where one utilizes computers both to generate visual images synthetically and to integrate or alter visual and spatial information sampled from the real world.
	proneg.modblog.com (734 words)

	OpenGL article - OpenGL cross-platform 3D computer graphics 2D computer graphics video - What-Means.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) is a specification defining a cross-language cross-platform API for writing applications that produce 3D computer graphics (and 2D computer graphics as well).
		Efficient implementations of OpenGL (leveraging graphics acceleration hardware to a greater or lesser extent) exist for Windows, many UNIX platforms, and MacOS.
		The open source library Mesa is a fully software-based graphics API which is code-compatible with OpenGL.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Opengl (714 words)

	Computer graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Perhaps the first use of computer graphics specifically to illustrate computer graphics was in ''Futureworld'' (1976), which included an animation of a human face and hand - produced by Edwin CatmullEd Catmull and Fred Parke at the University of Utah/.
		Most vector graphic systems can also use primitives of standard shapes such as circles and rectangles etc. In most cases(99,999%) a vector graphic image has to be converted to a raster image to be viewed.
		With the birth of the workstation computers (like LISP machines, paintbox computers and Silicon Graphics workstations) came the 3D computer graphics, based on vector graphicsvector/ or "wire-frame" representations of virtual objects.
	www.infothis.com /find/Computer_graphics (1011 words)

	Ken Turkowski's Computer Graphics Papers
		Expressions are derived for 2D polygon area, centroid, and inertial tensor in terms of polygon vertices.
		Algorithm for fixed-point computation of sine, cosine, arctangent, rectangular-to-polar conversion, and polar-to-rectangular conversion.
		A fast, iterative algorithm is presented for computing the inverse square root, a function desirable for renormalization of interpolated surface normals suring Phong shading.
	www.worldserver.com /turk/computergraphics/papers.html (767 words)

	Computer Graphics
		Computer graphics is the reason you have learned how to program.
		Computer graphics is the microscope, the telescope, the x-ray glasses that let you examine all sorts of objects that are fabricated digitally.
		In general, graphics algorithms are characterized by their outer loop.
	www.cs.fsu.edu /~banks/courses/2000.3 (474 words)

	Articles - 3D computer graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		3D computer graphics are different from 2D computer graphics in that a three-dimensional representation of geometric data is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images.
		In general, the art of 3D modeling, which prepares geometric data for 3D computer graphics is akin to sculpting or photography, while the art of 2D graphics is analogous to painting.
		2D graphics is a subset of 3D graphics.
	www.lastring.com /articles/3D_computer_graphics?mySession=91a53f9a888da679c3539ae08f4348d4 (1513 words)

	Computer Science - CS 447, 448 Computer Graphics (4,4 credits) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Computer Graphics Principles and Practice, Second Edition, by Foley, van Dam, Feiner, and Hughes.
		The courses are primary theoretical in terms of discussing computer graphics algorithms.
		Students are expected to analyize current graphics packages on the market in the specification and design of their interactive graphics package.
	www.cs.pdx.edu /course.php?cid=82 (938 words)

	08213 Computer Graphics
		We will then look at the elements, which make up a computer graphics system, in more detail to gain a better understanding of the device-dependent and device-independent aspects of computer graphics.
		It is quite informative to study the evolution of standards in Computer Graphics.
		Computer graphics is used to create the illusion of a virtual world of colour on various types computer output, including displays.
	www.hull.ac.uk /php/cssmv/08213 (457 words)

	Graphics - Text Only (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Graphics are also used not just for pleasing the eye but for designing and engineering.
		2D pictures are easier in a sense that it is not necessary to "model" anything, instead you can get photographic pictures into the computer by means of a scanner, then dress them up with text and designs.
		I found that the average salary for a 2D image composer/designer is $45,000 per year with and Bachelors degree and 3 years of experience, and an average wage of $50/hr with a Bachelors degree and 4 year of experience.
	members.aol.com /JMB1984/money/t-graphics.html (411 words)

	Programming 2D Computer Graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Unfortunately, most objects in computer graphics are defined using the Cartesian coordinate system, which reverses the Y coordinates so that they increase as you move up from the origin.
		In computer graphics, however, you'll use the Cartesian plane as a surface that represents the world in which your graphical objects exist.
		You define graphical objects in the Cartesian coordinate system by specifying the coordinates of their vertices, which are the points at which the lines that make up the object connect.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=98117 (1088 words)

	3D computer graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		3D computer graphics are works of graphic art that were created with the aid of digital computercomputers and specialized 3D software/.
		If used for computer animationanimation, this phase usually makes use of a technique called "keyframing", which facilitates creation of complicated movement in the scene.
		computer renderingRendering is the final process of creating the actual 2D image or animation from the prepared scene.
	www.infothis.com /find/3D_computer_graphics (1363 words)

	Vector Math Tutorial for 3D Computer Graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The purpose of these notes is to expand on the mathematical appendix included with most graphics books, not to teach the material in the main text of those books.
		Although primarily aimed at university computer science students, this tutorial is useful to any programmer interested in 3D computer graphics or 3D computer game programming.
		Vectors and matrices are used in all scientific and engineering fields, and any other field that uses computers (are there any that don't?) In many fields, the vocabulary used for vectors and matrices does not match that used in computer graphics.
	chortle.ccsu.ctstateu.edu /VectorLessons/vectorIndex.html (427 words)

	Computer> Graphics [encyclopedia] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		However, as real-world applications of computer graphics(CG) in broadcast television and movies proved a viable alternative to more traditional special effects and animation techniques, commercial parties have increasingly funded advances in the field.
		The first advances in computer graphics was in the use of CRTs to represent 2D computer graphics.
		With the birth of the workstation computers (like LISP machines, paintbox computers and Silicon Graphics workstations) came the 3D computer graphics, based on vector representations of virtual objects.
	kosmoi.com /Computer/Graphics (509 words)

	Computer Glossary-Computer Video and Graphics - PC Terms about Computer Video Graphics-Best Computer Online Store ...
		Thus, a set-up engine moves processing from the host CPU to the graphics chip, reducing bus bandwidth requirements by 30% for small, randomly placed triangles and by proportionately more for larger polygons.
		Synchronous Graphics Random Access memory (SGRAM) is a type of memory that is optimized for graphics use.
		In raster graphics architecture a primitive is formed by scan conversion where each scan line intersects the primitive at two ends, P left and P right.
	www.directron.com /videoglossary.html (2554 words)

	Java 2D API Graphics
		Java 2D API Graphics, from Sun Microsystems Press, is a comprehensive, full-color guide to graphics development using the powerful Java 2D API.
		Java 2D API Graphics demonstrates the nearly limitless creative possibilites offered through the Java 2D API and provides numerous, specific graphical examples to ensure that your understanding can be translated into usable and enjoyable skills.
		The Java 2D API is a sophisticated, generic, and low-level API that covers a broad portion of computer 2D graphics, and is designed to serve all kinds of graphics needs.
	java.sun.com /developer/Books/2dgraphics (437 words)

	Computer Graphics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Computer graphics is the microscope, the telescope, the x-ray glasses to let you examine all sorts of objects that are constructed digitally.
		Computer graphics gives you your own TV station.
		The result is sampled and reconstructed on a rectangular grid of color pixels.
	www.cs.fsu.edu /~banks/courses/2002.3 (117 words)

	Amazon.com: Books: Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice in C (2nd Edition) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice is the most exhaustive overview of computer graphics techniques available.
		Assuming a solid background in computer science or a related field, Computer Graphicsgives example programs in C and provides exercises at the end of each chapter to test your knowledge of the material.
		Once upon a time any student interested in computer graphics was referred straight to this book, and indeed what you've got here is an amazing smorgasbord of nearly every technique that was state of the art several years ago.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0201848406?v=glance (2064 words)

	2D Artist - 2d computer graphics - 2d artist
		The 2D artist must have excellent skills in graphic editors and drawing programs like Photoshop.
		The 2D artist doesn’t necessarily have to know a lot about game design, but it does of course help to be interested and have good knowledge about games.
		The main graphics for mobile games, online flash/java games and games for handhelds like the GBA are made by 2D Artists.
	www.gamediscovery.com /game-design/2d-artist.asp (128 words)

	IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The biggest advances involved 2D graphics, and in the 1970s the few movies that employed CGI used either on-screen graphics (simulating what would be seen on a computer terminal or screen readout in a spaceship, for example) or 2D computer imagery.
		Computer graphics offered a new, glitzy way to do just that, and the advertising industry had the money to spend on it.
		Since computer graphics was such a young field, it provided many challenging problems for student researchers.
	www.siggraph.org /education/curriculum/misc/jmorie.html (6698 words)

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