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Topic: The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey

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Timeline of astronomical maps, catalogs, and surveys

	redshift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The measure of this redshifting of light is given by the quantity z, which is defined as the change in wavelength of a given spectral line divided by the laboratory standard wavelength for that same spectral line.
		Galaxies in the Fisher-Tully catalogue that showed large amounts of rotation and interval motion (the opposite extreme from the dwarf irregulars) were studied.
		Redshift is determined by observing spectral lines of specific elements in a source, and noting how far they have moved from their laboratory (rest frame) wavelength.
	www.setterfield.org /Redshift.htm (13517 words)

	Australian National University EPrints2 Archive - The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: spectra and redshifts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The source catalogue for the survey is a revised and extended version of the APM galaxy catalogue, and the targets are galaxies with extinction-corrected magnitudes brighter than bJ=19.45.
		The main survey regions are two declination strips, one in the southern Galactic hemisphere spanning 80°×15° around the SGP, and the other in the northern Galactic hemisphere spanning 75°×10° along the celestial equator; in addition, there are 99 fields spread over the southern Galactic cap.
		Redshifts are measured from spectra covering 3600-8000Å at a two-pixel resolution of 9.0Å and a median S/N of 13pixel-1.
	eprints.anu.edu.au /archive/00001138 (364 words)

	The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Cosmological parameters from the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
		Clusters of Galaxies in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
		The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: cosmological parameters and galaxy biasing
	magnum.anu.edu.au /~TDFgg/Public/Publications/index.html (1676 words)

	ScienceDaily: Galaxy Survey Reveals Missing Cosmic Link
		Galaxy formation and evolution -- The formation of galaxies is still one of the most active research areas in astrophysics; and, to some extent, this is also true for galaxy evolution.
		Redshift -- In physics and astronomy, redshift is an observed increase in the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation received by a detector compared to that emitted by the source.
		This survey is the first to weave together the three major intellectual revolutions in the Earth Sciences that have occurred in the last forty years--the theory of plate tectonics, the...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2005/01/050111181818.htm (2655 words)

	Richard Ellis's Homepage
		Key questions include the mass assembly history of galaxies, the reasons for the demise in the faint blue irregulars and the important question of whether field ellipticals are assembling from merged spirals or represent old remnants of systems which underwent monolithic collapse at high redshift.
		The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: The amplitudes of fluctuations in the 2dFGRS and the CMB, and implications for galaxy biasing
		The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: The bias of galaxies and the density of the Universe
	www.astro.caltech.edu /~rse (1060 words)

	2dF QSO Redshift Survey (Objectives)
		We are proposing to use the 2dF to make a simultaneous QSO and galaxy redshift survey across two declination strips, one in the South Galactic Pole and one in an equatorial region at the North Galactic Cap.
		In this range of scales, QSO surveys are becoming highly competitive with galaxy redshift surveys in terms of the statistical accuracy of the correlation function since they are effectively a very sparse sampled dataset (Kaiser 1987) with each QSO bringing almost completely independent correlation function information.
		Mpc periodicity in the faint galaxy redshift survey of Broadhurst et al.
	www.2dfquasar.org /objectives.html (2546 words)

	The 2MASS Redshift Survey at CfA
		The 2MASS redshift survey (2MRS) is the latest in a series of efforts led by scientists at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics to map the universe.
		Redshifts are the distance measure of preference for many Astronomers because they are independent of the exact details of cosmology, which are required to transform them to distances in units of length (like kilometers, light years or "Megaparsecs").
		Galaxies are thought to flow along the filaments towards galaxy clusters which form at the intersections.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /~huchra/2mass/public.php (918 words)

	CfA Colloquium Speaker (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey has now measured redshifts for over 140,000 galaxies and provides some of the most detailed information to date on the intrinsic properties of galaxies and the large-scale structure in the local universe.
		The redshift-space anisotropy of the galaxy correlation function is in excellent agreement with the predictions of the gravitational instability paradigm for the growth of large-scale structure.
		A comparison is presented between the 2dFGRS power spectrum and previous estimates from the projected galaxy distribution and earlier redshift surveys; the 2dFGRS P(k) is also compared to predictions from the best-fitting cosmological models derived from recent CMB anisotropy measurements.
	cfa-www.harvard.edu /cfa/colloquia/spring01/Colless.html (278 words)

	News in Science - Dark matter shadows galaxies - 12/12/2001
		Galaxies are pulled around by the gravity of the Dark Matter forming into large-scale 'sheets' and 'filaments', Dr Colless explained.
		The galaxy map compiled by the researchers show that the distribution of sheets and filaments is just what is expected if the galaxies and Dark Matter cluster in the same way.
		The 2dF is currently unique in the world because it covers an area of sky equivalent to the diameter of four full moons.
	www.abc.net.au /science/news/stories/s437658.htm (700 words)

	The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Galaxy redshift surveys such as the 2dF galaxy redshift survey (2dFGRS) map the distribution of galaxies within the local Universe and therefore map the galaxy seed perturbations.
		The galaxy density field is usually described in terms of its Fourier modes.
		The power spectrum of the preliminary galaxy catalogue, shown in the diagrams below provided the first detection of the signature of baryons in large scale structure.
	www.roe.ac.uk /~jap/2df/powspec/intro.html (292 words)

	Research@Astrophysics
		Investigations of the morphology of galaxy clustering and the statistical properties of the fluctuations, e.g.
		The survey reached the 100,000 redshift mark in May 2000, and at its current rate of progress should be completed by the end of 2001.
		Galaxies which simultaneously have EW([OII])<5A and EW(Hß+H-gamma+H-delta)>3A are defined as `E+A' galaxies; the 32 that we have identified from a sample of 90,000 spectra are clearly seen.
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /astro/research/lss.html (843 words)

	Astronomers Unveil A Lack Of Dark Matter
		The Universe's mysterious invisible Dark Matter is distributed on large scales in exactly the same way the galaxies are, according to scientists analysing data from the giant 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey done with the 3.9-m Anglo-Australian Telescope in eastern Australia.
		Galaxies are pulled around by the gravity of the Dark Matter, forming into large-scale 'sheets' and 'filaments'.
		The 2dF survey covers a total area of about 2 000 square degrees, selected from both northern and southern skies.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/darkmatter-01c.html (852 words)

	Max Tegmark's cosmology library: 2dF
		We've done an independent analysis of the the 2dF galaxy redshift survey.
		We compute the real-space power spectrum and the redshift-space distortions of galaxies in the 2dF 100k galaxy redshift survey using pseudo-Karhunen-Loeve eigenmodes and the stochastic bias formalism.
		A battery of systematic error tests indicate that the survey is not only impressive in size, but also unusually clean, free of systematic errors at the level to which our tests are sensitive.
	space.mit.edu /home/tegmark/2df1.html (678 words)

	Warrick Couch
		The main focus of this research is the study of clusters at moderate to high redshift to determine how galaxies in this environment have evolved over the last 5-8 billion years and the physical processes responsible for it.
		A new major area of investigation is galaxy redshift surveys with key involvement in the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey - a joint Australian/UK project to measure the redshifts for 250,000 galaxies using the Two-Degree Field (2dF) facility on the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope.
		This will provide unprecedented information on the clustering of galaxies on the largest scales, the matter content of the universe, and the dependence of galaxy properties on their environment.
	www.phys.unsw.edu.au /STAFF/ACADEMIC/couch.html (255 words)

	Johns Hopkins Gazette \| August 4, 2003
		In looking at the distribution and luminosity of galaxies, the group was also able to put together an estimate of the total number of stars in the visible universe: about 70 sextillion, or a seven followed by 22 zeros.
		To remove those discrepancies and advance efforts to understand the evolution of galaxies and the universe, Cross and his colleagues took highly accurate measurements of galaxies in a patch of sky on the celestial equator.
		Brightness measurements of a galaxy can be used to estimate the number of stars in a galaxy, so astronomers totaled the estimated number of stars in the 10,000 galaxies they found in the patch of sky they surveyed.
	www.jhu.edu /~gazette/2003/04aug03/04stars.html (378 words)

	Department of Physics : Staff profile - Durham University
		I specialize in the theory and modelling of galaxy formation and the analysis of the large scale clustering of galaxies.
		Galaxy groups in the Two-degree Field Galaxy Redshift Survey: the luminous content of the groups.
		The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey: the population of nearby radio galaxies at the 1-mJy level.
	www.dur.ac.uk /physics/staff/profiles/?username=dph0smc (2823 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Weighing the Universe with 100,000 galaxies
		The largest survey of galaxies ever conducted has resulted in the most spectacular three-dimensional map of the Universe to date.
		When the 2dF survey is complete, the team will be able to measure with fine precision the tiny fluctuations in galaxy densities on scales of 400 million light years -- the same scales that are observed in the microwave background 13 billion years ago.
		Following closely on the heels of the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey is the even more ambitious Sloan Digital Sky Survey, which aims to measure redshifts for one million galaxies over a 5-year period.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0006/08universeweight/index.html (1289 words)

	[No title]
		In their paper Dr Heavens and co-author Dr Licia Verde (Rutgers and Princeton Universities, USA) show that on large scales the sheets and filaments in the galaxy distribution revealed by the 2dF survey are just what is expected if the galaxies and Dark Matter cluster in the same way.
		By measuring this 'redshift' in a galaxy's spectrum, the galaxy's distance can be determined.
		The 2dF survey covers a total area of about 2,000 square degrees, selected from both northern and southern skies.
	dept.physics.upenn.edu /~lverde/OZpress.txt (768 words)

	New Analysis Of 2dF Redshift Galaxy Survey Presented (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Approximately 5% is in the form of baryons and the remaining 65% in the form of a yet unknown dark matter.
		Together with the 2dF survey, this suggests that, in addition to the 30% mass density, 70% of the density of the Universe is in the form of "dark energy."
		The 2dF galaxy survey is the first to contain enough galaxies to clearly show such a change in clustering for brighter galaxies.
	unisci.com /stories/20012/0404014.htm (702 words)

	Astronomers Weigh Neutrinos With The Universe
		Neutrinos come in three different varieties, and were long thought to have no mass at all, but observations of neutrinos emitted from the Sun and created by cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere have in the last few years revealed that this cannot be the case.
		Their result is still being debated by scientists around the world but, as it stands, it implies that the three neutrinos have very nearly the same mass, and that its value is roughly a few parts in ten billion of the mass of a hydrogen atom.
		The redshift surveys of millions of galaxies that will be completed in the next few years will set even tighter limits on the mass of the neutrino".
	universe.nasa.gov /press/2002/020410d.html (750 words)

	New Hot Paper Comment by Peder Norberg
		The luminosity function of galaxies is the most basic descriptor of the galaxy population.
		An accurate estimate of it is of fundamental importance for evolutionary studies of galaxies and is a primary constraint on models of galaxy formation.
		It is the largest complete survey of the galaxy population ever undertaken.
	www.esi-topics.com /nhp/2004/january-04-PederNorberg.html (741 words)

	2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astronomy, the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (Two-degree-Field Galaxy Redshift Survey), or 2dFGRS is a redshift survey conducted by the Anglo-Australian Observatory with the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope in the 1990s.
		This survey determined the large-scale structure in one section of the local Universe.
		The survey measured the redshifts of over 245,000 galaxies over an area of over 1500 square degrees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2dF_Galaxy_Redshift_Survey (114 words)

	The 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
		The 2dF instrument allows astronomers to observe and analyse 400 objects at once, and on a long clear night, they can log the positions of more than 2000 galaxies.
		The 2dF instrument, one of the most complex pieces of astronomical equipment ever built, is the key to the survey.
		The survey aims to learn more about the structure of the Universe, how galaxies are made and how they form into larger structures.
	www-wfau.roe.ac.uk /~TDFgg/Public/Pics/flythru.html (580 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Galaxy survey solves cosmic riddle
		The greater the redshift, the greater the distance.
		The distance was then calculated, which when combined with the galaxy's position on the sky gave its three-dimensional location in space.
		The data indicates that the 100-milion-light-year-long filaments of galaxies seen in the survey were indeed formed by gravity moulding clouds of gas.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1209040.stm (503 words)

	Physics Today Online - Search & Discovery
		The mapping is three dimensional to the extent that a galaxy's redshift is a reliable measure of its distance.
		The 2dF survey is the first that's deep enough to show that the measurements of
		The 2dF survey, when it is completed, will have covered about 5% of the sky.
	www.aip.org /pt/vol-53/iss-8/p20.html (579 words)

	Redshift survey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astronomy, a redshift survey, or galaxy survey, is a survey of a section of the sky to measure the redshift of astronomical objects.
		Using Hubble's law, the redshift can be used to calculate the distance of an object from Earth.
		The most notable, recent and low-redshift surveys are the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Redshift_survey (203 words)

	Headlines@Hopkins: Johns Hopkins University News Releases
		Although both authors joke about promoting "color of the universe T-shirts and coffee mugs" and other humorous implications, their determination of the color is really a byproduct of a serious attempt to use the light from thousands of galaxies to assess scientists' theories of the history of star formation and stellar population dynamics.
		The scientists worked with data from the Australian 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey, a survey of over 200,000 galaxies at a distance of 2 billion to 3 billion light years from Earth.
		The 2dF survey is funded by Australian and British governments.
	www.jhu.edu /news_info/news/home02/jan02/color.html (665 words)

	The 2dF galaxy redshift survey
		The data are obtained using the 2dF instrument, an automatically-configurable multi-fibre spectrograph on the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT).
		However a few of the survey galaxies will be multiply-imaging background quasars, and, if the quasars are sufficiently bright, should be identifiable as gravitational lenses.
		The answers are related, in so far as any given search method is linked to the effective ``depth'' of the lens survey, but it is possible to obtain an estimate of the number of lenses without fully understanding how to find them.
	www.atnf.csiro.au /pasa/18_2/mortlock2/paper/node2.html (216 words)

	APOD: 2001 September 4 - 2dF Sees Waves of Galaxies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		galaxies and is the latest answer obtained by one of the most complex astronomical instruments yet created: the Two-Degree Field (2dF) system.
		distances to some of the millions of galaxies visible, and hence to make a three-dimensional map of the local universe.
		Although the distribution of galaxies appears nearly uniform on the largest scale, waves of galaxies are
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap010904.html (168 words)

	Clusters and groups of galaxies in the 2dF galaxy redshift survey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Clusters and groups of galaxies in the 2dF galaxy redshift survey.
		For this purpose we follow the changes in group sizes and mean {\bf galaxy number densities within groups} when shifting nearby observed groups to larger distances.
		A paper on the 2dF GRS groups with high resolution figures, and with group and galaxy tables can be found here
	www.aai.ee /~maret/2dfgr.html (301 words)

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