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Topic: 2nd century BCE

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2nd century BC

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	Kuninda kingdom - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kingdom of Kuninda was an ancient central Himalayan kingdom from around the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century, located in the modern state of Uttaranchal in northern India.
		One the Edicts of Ashoka on a pillar is also present at Kalsi, in the region of Garhwal, indicating the spread of Buddhism to the region from the 4th century BCE.
		The Kuninda kingdom disappeared around the 3rd century, and from the 4th century, it seems the region shifted to Shaivite beliefs.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kuninda_kingdom (252 words)

	Amaterasu-Epona
		The statue of Aphrodite is from Myrina, 2nd century BCE; the "Birth of Aphrodite" on the shell is from the Ludovisi Throne, 470-60 BCE; the figurine of Aphrodite on a swan is from Boeotia, Greece, 6th century BCE.
		She stands in front of a third century sculpture of the Goddess Brigantia from Scotland; her pendant shows a portrait of a woman from a cauldron found at Kraghede, Denmark, 1st century BCE; her torque is from Snettisham, Norfolk, England, 1st century, BCE; bracelet from Erstfeld, Switzerland, 4th century BCE.
		Around the 15th century BCE, the Mycenaens brought Demeter from Crete to Eleusis, the place where she found her daughter and where the initiation of women into the Great Mysteries was performed.
	www.goddessmyths.com /Amaterasu-Epona.html (1826 words)

	Islam and Muslims Contemporary Issues - Religion and Religious Issues and Judaism - Its Culture and History - Part 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Until about the 3rd century BCE the papyri of the Egyptian Jewish community were written in Aramaic; after that, with the exception of the Nash papyrus in Hebrew, all papyri until 400 CE were in Greek.
		In a work on the analogical interpretation of the Law of Moses, Aristobulus in the 2nd century BCE anticipated Philo in attempting to harmonize Greek philosophy and the Torah, in using the method of allegory to explain anthropomorphisms in the Bible, and in asserting that the Greek philosophers were indebted to Moses.
		The Wisdom of Solomon, dating from the 1st century BCE, shows an acquaintance with the Platonic doctrine of the preexistence of the soul and with a method of argument known as sorites that was favoured by the Stoics (Greek philosophers).
	islamic-paths.org /Home/English/Issues/Religion/Jewish/History_05.htm (2639 words)

	Islam and Muslims Contemporary Issues - Religion and Religious Issues and Judaism - Its Culture and History - Part 7 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		During the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, rabbinic schools had compiled for their own reference collections in which the results of their exegesis and application of Scripture to problematic situations (Midrash, "investigation" or "interpretation"; plural Midrashim) had been recorded in terse legal form.
		The harmonious relations that obtained with but few interruptions over the centuries between the Sasanian rulers and their Jewish subjects gave the Jewish population the air of a quasi-state, which the Jewish leadership frequently extolled as superior to the Jewish community of Palestine.
		As had been the case with the Mishna, the redaction of the Babylonian Talmud was later designated by authorities as marking the end of a period in Jewish history, and the scholars who put the finishing stylistic touches, known as savora'im ("explicators"), were classified as a transitional stage between the amoraim and geonim.
	www.islamic-paths.org /Home/English/Issues/Religion/Jewish/History_07.htm (2872 words)

	The Nature and Origins of the 1st-Century Synagogue By Anders Runesson
		This public reading and (re-)interpretation of codified law was motivated by a wish of the Persian imperial government and the Jewish leadership in Jerusalem to perform thoroughgoing social changes in Judah in the middle of the fifth century bce during the reign of the Persian king Artaxerxes I (465-423 bce).
		Though archaeological remains are wanting, at some point in the Hellenistic period, i.e., around the third century bce, when city gates were constructed differently and no longer functioned as places for assemblies, separate public buildings for the activities that previously took place in the city gate were beginning to be built (Levine, 2000).
		The organizational form is Greek in origin and was introduced in the land of Israel during the Hellenistic period towards the end of the third century bce.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Runesson-1st-Century_Synagogue_2.htm (1934 words)

	2nd century BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The existence of Andronovo cultural influence in Xinjiang during the 2nd millennium BC.
		In 1947, the famous Dead Sea scrolls, dated to the first century BC, were discovered by chance in Qumram by an Arab shepherd.
		The Scythian Neapolis: 2nd Century BC to 3rd Century Ad: Investigations Into the Graeco-Barbarian City on the Northern B...
	hallencyclopedia.com /2nd_century_BC (388 words)

	Global Networking Timeline: 30,000 BCE-999 CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		A second network (in addition to that established circa 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia), centered on north-eastern China, was established (Sherratt 2003).
		Distant signalling stations would use torches to indicate the beginning and end of the transmission, as well as which of the many possible water levels was to be noted down and interpreted according to a given codebook (James and Thorpe 1994, cited in Chang et al.
		2nd century BCE - [T] Multiple wax tablets [codices] (diptichon - 2 leaves, poliptichon - several leaves), joined with thongs or cords, are used by Romans and Greeks (Knops 1998).
	www.ciolek.com /PAPERS/GLOBAL/early.html (2873 words)

	Epidaurus
		This sanctuary was active from the 6th century BCE until at least the 2nd century BCE when the traveler-historian Pausanias recorded a visit.
		Designed by Polykleitos the Younger late in the 4th century BCE, the theater is well known for its near perfect acoustics.
		Behind the orchestra and facing the auditorium stand the remains of the skene (scene building), the main reception hall, and the proskenion, which was used by performers as an extension of the stage.
	www.grisel.net /epidaurus.htm (472 words)

	Satan: Early history
		The book of Daniel was seen as having been written by Daniel himself, in the 6th century CE, etc. Conservative Christians still believe this today, largely because the Bible mentions the identity of its authors in many locations, and conservatives believe the Bible to be inerrant.
		However, analysis of the Bible as a historical document since the late 19th century has convinced essentially all non-Evangelical Old Testament scholars that most of the Pentateuch was not written by Moses.
		Deuteronomy was written in the 7th century BCE, and Daniel was written in the 2nd century BCE.
	www.religioustolerance.org /chr_sat2.htm (2441 words)

	Sunga empire - Wikpedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The Sunga dynasty was established in 185 BCE, about 50 years after Ashoka's death, when the king Brhadrata, the last of the Mauryan rulers, was brutally murdered by the then commander-in-chief of the Mauryan armed forces, Pusyamitra Sunga, while he was taking the Guard of Honour of his forces.
		From around 180 BCE the Indian territory was invaded as far as Pataliputra by the Greco-Bactrian ruler Demetrius, with the long-term effect of confining the Sungas to the eastern part of India.
		During the historical Sunga period (185 to 73 BCE), Buddhist activity also managed to survive somewhat in central India (Madhya Pradesh) as suggested by some architectural expansions that were done at the stupas of Sanchi and Bharhut, originally started under King Ashoka.
	www.bostoncoop.net /~tpryor/wiki/index.php?title=Sunga (423 words)

	The Astrolabe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The origins of the astrolabe are shrouded in mystery, but the underlying theory for its construction, the stereographic projection, may date back to 225 BCE and Apollonious, although it has also been attributed to Hipparchus (2nd century BCE).
		It seems certain that the instrument was well known in the 1st century A.D. An Islamic tradition attributes the invention of the instrument to the renowned astronomer Ptolemy (2nd century CE) who, when riding on a donkey and pondering on his celestial globe, dropped the globe.
		One of the most influential of these, compiled by Mâ'shâ'a allah (Messehalla) in the 9th century, greatly influenced Chaucer in the late 14th century when he wrote a treatise compiled for his son Lewis.
	www.cas.muohio.edu /~devriepl/phy211/astrolabe/MyNotes1.htm (1524 words)

	Basilica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		In the 4th century, Christians were prepared to build larger and more handsome edifices for worship than the furtive meeting places they had been using.
		Good early examples of the architectural basilica are the Church of the Nativity at Bethlehem (6th century), the church of St Elias at Thessalonica (5th century), and the two great basilicas at Ravenna.
		A Christian basilica of the 4th or 5th century stood behind its entirely enclosed forecourt ringed with a colonnade or arcade, like the stoa or peristyle that was its ancestor or like the cloister that was its descendant.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/B/Basilica.htm (1456 words)

	2nd century BC -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		(3rd century BC - 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - (additional info and facts about other centuries) other centuries)
		BC 148 (Capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire) Rome conquers (Landlocked republic on the Balkan Peninsula; achieved independence from Yugoslavia in 1991) Macedonia
		BC 146 (Capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire) Rome conquers (The modern Greek port near the site of the ancient city that was second only to Athens) Corinth
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/2/2n/2nd_century_bc1.htm (271 words)

	Amaravati (India) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An iconic representation of Mara's assault on the Buddha, 2nd century CE, Amaravati.
		The town was given a hagiographic portrayal in the famous short story series Amaravati Kathalu by Satyam Sankaramanchi.
		It was the capital of the Satavahana Dynasty, who ruled the northern Deccan Plateau from the 2nd century BCE to the 2nd century CE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Amaravati_(India) (163 words)

	The Ancient Agora (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Early in the 6th century BCE, in the time of Solon, the Agora became a public area.
		The eastern side of the Agora is bounded by the restored Stoa of Attalus II (2nd century BCE).
		The Odeion of Agrippa was built in 15 BCE and comprised an auditorium with a seating capacity of about 1000 people and a two-story portico.
	www.grisel.net /ancient_agora.htm (607 words)

	Pompeii
		century BCE the forum of Pompeii seemed to be primarily a marketplace, except for the ancient Temple of Apollo which has its roots in the 6
		century BCE the porticoes and temples and law courts were built, expanding the uses of the forum into political and religious realms.
		In 60 BCE the floorplan was changed..likely due to a reversal of fortune of the inhabitants.
	www.emich.edu /abroad/staff/Benita/Pompeii.html (571 words)

	Diamonds \| American Museum of Natural History
		The custom was continued and Christianized by the 4th century, demonstrated by St. Augustine's imploring priests to permit weddings without the exchange of rings.
		Byzantine wedding rings are thick gold bands with round or oval bezels depicting the couple face to face, or receiving Christ's blessing on their union.
		The significance of the wedding ring was clearly defined in the 7th century by the bishop and chronicler Isidore of Seville (c.
	www.amnh.org /exhibitions/diamonds/love.html (226 words)

	History of Asian Art: India Monument List (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		It was in this northwestern region of the Indian sub-continent that Mahayana Buddhism emerged in the 1st century BCE.
		In the 12th century Islamic invaders conquered northern India and introduced their religion with its own distinctive art and architectural characteristics.
		Between the late 12th and 16th centuries a series of Islamic traditions began to mix with native Indian traditions to create a new and distinctive Indo-Islamic architecture style.
	teach.lanecc.edu /plunkettm/Art-207_India/Monument.html (1621 words)

	[No title]
		The lessened the possibility that writers and actors would form teams, but it was certainly a strange regulation from the modern viewpoint because it foreclosed one of the abiding ambitions of 20th century theatre: to form an aesthetically perfected company.
		And this question of "taste"--that which cannot be determined objectively, which can't be measured precisely, which, finally, is not controlled by the eye--but by what is "felt" or "experienced" or "savored" opens the door to my second text.
		Bharata-muni's Natyasastra was compiled between the 2nd century BCE and the 2nd century CE.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/bkg/rasa (2842 words)

	[No title]
		Indian epic poem composed between 200 BCE and 200 CE, it concerns a dynastic struggle of the 9th century BCE.
		Roman jurist of the early 3rd century, one of five whose opinions were made authoritative in the early fifth century by the later emperors Theodosius II and Valentinian.
		An Estruscan king of the 6th century BCE who ruled Rome, thought to be descended from an emigrant noble from Corinth.
	www.well.com /user/aquarius/authlist.htm (3717 words)

	Mithraism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		With the fall of Mitanni, Mithraism was never more than part of other religious systems, mainly within Zoroastrianism, until the 2nd century BCE when it was defined as an independent religion by Greek adherents.
		Up until the 2nd century CE Mithraism was especially popular among Roman soldiers, reflecting that the religion was not a pacifist one and dominated by men.
		From this group it also spread to traders and slaves, until the 3rd century CE when the cult was revered in all classes.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/mithraism.htm (602 words)

	Essenes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Jewish religious brotherhood existing from around 2nd century BCE until 2nd century CE.
		The Essenes are known for their strictness and seclusion from the ordinary Jewish society.
		2nd century BCE: The Essenes emerge as a group in Palestine and Syria.
	i-cias.com /e.o/essenes.htm (597 words)

	Hell_Rom_civ.html
		Before the end of the 2nd century BCE, virtually the entire Meidterranean area was under Roman control.
		By the end of the 1st century BCE Rome had imposed its rule over the entire Hellenistic world as well as over most of modern-day Western Europe.
		The period from the end of the Punic Wars in 146 BCE to about 30 BCE is one of the most turbulent in the history of Rome.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /mcl/classics/Hell_Rom_civ.html (648 words)

	2nd Century B.C.E.
		The 3rd century B.C.E., was a period in which Rome consolidated its control of the Italian peninsula, was tested as a geopolitical power in its contests with Carthage, and aquired its first overseas provinces.
		Roman warfare in Spain lasted until 133 BCE.] Cato was particularly alarmed by the Punic capacity to recover from the extraordinary defeats and war reparations Rome had imposed on her.
		In 146, Roman troops, under the command of P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus [the natural son of Aemilius Paullus and grandson by adoption of Scipio Africanus], sacked Carthage.
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/2nd.cen.htm (1167 words)

	Yavneh-Yam 1992-1999 by Moshe Fischer
		century BCE or Pharaoh Necho’s military activities in the year 609 BCE.
		century BCE can be mentioned, such as one from Sidon in Lebanon (Fig.
		centuries CE, reflecting the peak of development of the Land of Israel since The Holy Land now enjoyed the economic advantages of pilgrimage.
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/YavnehYam2.htm (1180 words)

	confu
		century BCE when the ideas of Confucianism were officially adopted, recognize that other thinkers added their interpretations and ideas.
		According to Confucian thought, (which influenced rule from 200 BCE until the 20th century CE!) the Mandate of Heaven was lost by a dynasty that did not fulfill its proper role and traditionally based obligations to the people.
		It was during the Han Dynasty (202 BCE - 220 CE) that the first universities were built, and the first civil service exam was given.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist151/confu.htm (2161 words)

	UrofChaldeesurfaurie
		If Professor Sarna is correct, that the term "Ur of the Chaldeans" must have arisen after the rise of the Neo-Babylonian Empire of the seventh century BCE, then Genesis and the Pentateuch was probably composed no earlier than this period.
		I am not aware of any "extra-biblical source" existing before the second century BCE in regards to pin-pointing what region Ur of the Chaldees is in.
		In the 2d millennium BCE Flood myth called Atrahasis, the king of the city of Shuruppak, called variously, Ziusudra, Utnapishtim or Atrahasis, is warned by the god Enki (called in Semitic Ea, Aya or Ayya) of the coming Flood and to build an ark to save his family and animals.
	www.bibleorigins.net /UrofChaldeesurfaurie.html (3722 words)

	Tetragrammaton Found in Ancient Septuagint Manuscripts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Below are 2 examples of where the Tetragrammaton has been found in ancient copies of the Septuagint.
		The Septuagint is a 3rd to 2nd Century BCE Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures.
		Here is another example of an ancient fragment of the Septuagint dating to the First Century CE (AD).
	www.eliyah.com /lxx.html (218 words)

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