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2nd millennium BC

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	2nd millennium BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pharaoh Kamose of the Seventeenth dynasty of Egypt (reigned 1573 BC - 1570 BC).
		Pharaoh Ramesses I of the Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt (reigned 1293 BC - 1291 BC).
		Pharaoh Seti I of the Nineteenth dynasty of Egypt (reigned 1291 BC - 1278 BC).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2nd_millenium_BC (1547 words)

	Bactrians - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first proto-urban civilization in the area arose during the 2nd millenium BC.
		Control of these lucrative trade routes, however, attracted foreign interest, and in the 6th century BC the Bactrians were conquered by the Persians, and in the 4th century BC by the Macedonians.
		From around 304 BC the area formed part of the Seleucid Empire, and from around 250 BC it was the centre of a Greco-Bactrian kingdom, ruled by the descendants of Greeks who had settled there following the conquest of Alexander the Great.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bactrians (307 words)

	Patras 2006 - History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		On the contrary, after 280 BC, Patras plays a significant role in the foundation of the second Achaian League together with the cities Dyme, Triteia and Pharai and the initiative of the political movements is transferred for the first time at the western Achaia.
		From the elements known so far, it is obvious that Patras is firstly inhabited in the 3rd millenium BC and not at the end of the 2nd as we used to believe.
		During the Hellenistic period, 323-146 BC, the town is extended to the sea and a second cemetery, the South, is established.
	patras2006.gr /en/modules/html/index.php?id=23 (1436 words)

	The State Hermitage Museum: Collection Highlights
		A remarkable collection of cuneiform inscriptions, reliefs, pieces of small statuary and applied art represent the culture of the Sumerians, founders of a civilization between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates; their successors, the Akkadians and Babylonians, who created the powerful Assyrian Empire; and the peoples of the ancient Mediterranean.
		Babylonian domination of the area between the Tigris and the Euphrates is also illustrated by cuneiform materials: an informative selection of economic documents, promissory notes and materials associated with school education.
		There are Assyrian reliefs from the residences of the rulers Ashurnasirpal II (9th century BC), Sargon II, Tiglath-Pileser III, Sinakherib (late 8th-7th centuries BC) - typical examples of Assyrian imperial art, intended to glorify the power and might of the cruel Assyrian rulers and to immortalize their victories over enemies.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/03/hm3_5_1.html (292 words)

	Persian History
		By the 6th century BC it had become the dominant power of the ancient Near Eastern world.
		In 549 BC, Cyrus the Great united the Medes and Persians in the Persian Empire, conquered Babylonia in 538 BC and restored Jerusalem to the Jews.
		Alexander the Great conquered Persia in 333 BC, but Persians regained their independence in the next century under the Parthians, who themselves were succeeded by Sassanian Persians in 226AD.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Acropolis/5576/persia.html (561 words)

	Technology Outline
		The rear, or belly, of the bow is reinforced with horn to increase the bow's resistance to bending.
		Middle 2nd Millenium BC Egyptian, Hittite and Palestinian chariots are very light and sophisticated and are drawn by two or three horses with chest girths secured by poles and yokes
		End of 2nd Millenium BC Horses are bred with the strength and stamina to carry men.
	www.warscholar.com /Year/TechnologyOutline.html (2771 words)

	Abinos Travel & Tourism - Your vacation consulting & tour operator in Syria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		A prosperous city from the 2nd millenium, that the Aramaeans made the capital of a powerful kingdom till the 1st millennium, after which the Assyrians possessed the city in the year 732 BC.
		The period during the 2nd millennium BC was of important urban expansion of which the discovery of houses, funeral caves, and two temples dedicated to Dagan and Baal and a Palace (15th BC) is proof.
		The 18th century BC is marked by the glorious reign of Zamri Lim who built a palace of 300 richly decorated rooms, serving as an active political, economical, and administrative center.
	www.abinostravel.com /high.htm (6669 words)

	Travel Guide To Turkey, Guide de la Turquie, GUIDE MARTINE, Guide to Turkey, Guide de Turquie, Travel, Turkey, Voyage, ...
		Founded around 300 BC by Seleucos I Nicator who was one of the generals of Alexander the Great, Seleucia was located on the "southern silk road" which linked the Mediterranean to India and Chinia.
		From 1800 till 1200 BC, the major preoccupation of the sovereigns of Hattuşa was to possess the two key-cities of their empire, Aleppo and Karkemish, that controlled the access routes to the Fertile Crescent.
		The workshop was active between the 14C and 12C BC, at the time of the Hittite Empire which brutally came to an end as a result of the "Sea Peoples" invasion.
	www.guide-martine.com /southeastern4.asp (2109 words)

	Rome - Article from FactBug.org - the fast Wikipedia mirror site
		The origins of the Italic peoples is not known, but they may have descended from Indo-Europeans who migrated from north of the Alps in the second half of the 2nd millenium BC or from a blending of these peoples with Mediterranean people, perhaps from North Africa.
		In the 8th century BC these Italic speaker — Latins (in the west), Sabines (in the upper valley of the Tiber), Umbrians (in the north-east), Samnites (in the South), Oscans and others — shared the penisula with two other major ethnic groups: the Etruscans and the Greeks.
		In the 3rd century BC the Greek poleis in the south were brought under Roman control as well.
	www.factbug.org /cgi-bin/a.cgi?a=25458 (3410 words)

	The Patriarchs
		centuries BC there was a religious reform in Ebla, initiated by the king of Ebla, named Ebrum or Ibrium, where the theophoric parts of the names were changed from 'el' or '-il' to that of '-ya'.
		By the end of the first millennium BC, the victory of Yahweh was complete, at least as far as the united monarchy was concerned, but even beyond.
		In the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, about 40 % of the names of the rulers in Canaan had either Indo-European or Horrite names so the Shashu, if the name of Yahweh had indeed originated from them, had plenty of opportunity to be in contact with non-Semitic religions.
	www.eg-ban.com /patriarchs11.html (7406 words)

	The Various Celts
		A similar scenario existed for the consideration of the Celtic contribution to the political formation and evolution of Europe during the first millenium BC.
		The prevailing theory of the 2nd Millenium BC may be correct, but I take the controversial view that even this date is a bit too modern and that the Celtic languages, cultures and their religions began to coalesce in the 3rd millenium BC.
		By the early 2nd millenium, migrating clans became the dominant culture in their areas of occupation.
	www.danann.org /library/sochis/various3.html (1334 words)

	TIMELINE 2nd MILLENIUM B.C. page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		SOMETHING enormous and violent, around 1628 or 1637 B.C., changed events worldwide, and may have caused a "mini-ice-age." It was probably the explosion of a volcano on the island of Santorini (or Antikithera).
		1,500-500 BC: Barbarian Aryans (speaking Sanskrit) emigrate from central Asia to invade India, overthrowing the Indus valley culture, and eventually compose the Vedas {hotlink to be done}.
		Thutmose III deposed his father (1501 BC); Thutmose II had a brief reign; and Hatshepsut ruled the longest of all as "king." Thutmose IV was the son, and successor to Amenhotep II, and reigned circa 1420-1411 BC.
	www.magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline2KBC.html (3005 words)

	Beirut (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In the third millenium BC it became the most important trading port in the area and sent cedar wood and oil to Egypt.
		It was the major Phoenician centre until the 10th century BC, and developed an alphabetic phonetic script which was the precursor of modern alphabets.
		There are remains of huts from the 5th millennium BC, the temple of Baalat Gebal from 2800 BC, an L-shaped temple from 2700 BC, two royal tombs and a temple from the early 2nd millenium BC, and an amphitheatre from the Roman period.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~mnb24/Beirut.html (1152 words)

	NEWCOMERS AND CRISIS IN ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN CIVILIZATION: Mycenaeans, Assyrians, and Hebrews in the 2nd millenium
		From around 2100 BC, Indo-European speakers are thought to have migrated from the steppes of southern Russia into the Near East and Europe.
		millenium BC had learned to farm and make metal weapons - but they did not yet use war chariots.
		Abraham was said in the Hebrew Bible to have migrated from Ur (a city in Mesopotamia) to the land of Canaan (Palestine).
	www.luc.edu /faculty/ldossey/assyriansweb.htm (1776 words)

	Russian History ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEYS: chronology, Bright Persons, Great Events, Historical link and books
		That was already the epoch of Homo sapiens (40 - 10 thousand years BC) as well as of faster developments, ability to spark fire, improving of stone tools, organized forms of hunting, formation of nuclei of tribes, beginnings of construction (dug-outs).
		More or less on the turn of the 3rd and 2nd millenia BC started the Bronze Age, in which previous tendencies came to an even bigger plenitude; migration processes became especially intensive then - after all they would be still vital later, although with a varying intensity, mainly in southern parts of East Europe.
		Thus emerges a picture of a quite uniform development course, as early as at least from the 1st millenium BC, testifying to a secular autochthonism of the East Slavonic tribes.
	www.cozy-corner.com /history_eng/events_archaelogical_surveys.htm (888 words)

	Patriarchs - The Book of Genesis - Myth or History?
		As a literary work, and I mean it in the secular sense, it is at least on the level with the large epic works of the first millenium BC, like the poems of Homer or Hesiod, the Hymns of the Rig-Veda, or the Avesta of the Iranians.
		In 1207 BC, about 3200 years ago there was a political entity, called Israel, and it was important enough to be recorded on a victory monument.
		As an added supporting evidence to this theory is the fact that in the second millenium BC there were rulers of city states, in Palestine and in east of the Jordan, who had Indo-European names.
	www.eg-ban.com /patriarchs03.html (7364 words)

	ARGONAUTICA - DATE OF EXPEDITON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The first glorious, audacious and common deed of Hellenes was the Argonautic Expedition which took place around 1400 BC or much earlier (2000 BC) according to some others.
		However, it is worth mentioning here that the dating of the Orphic Hymns through astronomical methods by the Greek astronomer C.S.Chassapis, proves that these, regardless of the time of their gathering and registration (during the 6th c BC), were formulated much earlier and were communicated from generation to generation by the initiated of Orphism.
		The Orphic hymns were the genuine product of Hellenes who lived in the country in the depths of the 2nd Millenium BC (Orphica - I.Passas).
	www.greece.org /poseidon/work/argonautika/jason2.html (205 words)

	TIMELINE 2nd MILLENIUM B.C. page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Born on the island of Samos, he moved to southern Italy, and founded a school at Croton where he taught that the structure of the universe was to be discovered with the aid of mathematics, which he held as the basis of physics, acoustics and astronomy.
		paraphrased from the visually strong HyperHistory c.518-c.438 BC Pindar, Greek Poet, was born in Boetia, central Greece, and is considered the greatest of the Greek choral lyricists.
		c.250 BC "Archimedes studied the equilibrium of planes and the centre of gravity of planes and deduced the laws of the levers.
	magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline1KBC.html (7141 words)

	Ancient Hattusas (Modern Bogazköy) in Turkey
		Hattusas (modern Bogazköy in north central Turkey) was the capital of the Hittite Empire in the 2nd millenium BC.
		It seems surprising that such a remote city could have been the capital of an empire but besides tradition there were the factors of plentiful water and good natural defenses that kept the Hittite kings there.
		The largest Assyrian trading center in Anatolia was at Kanesh - which flourished from 1950 BC to 1850 BC.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Hattusas_Bogazkoy.html (288 words)

	[No title]
		3100 BC is also the time when the first }{\b hieroglyphic}{ writing appears; \par appears without the preliminary stages we see in Mesopotamia (seals), so }{\ul idea }{of writing (though not the script) probably came from Mesopotamia.
		\par First known pyramid: Pyramid of pharaoh Zoser (2770 BC) \par It was built of local limestone and raised to a height of 60 meters (195 feet).
		\par \par }{\i Kingdom of Israel 10}{\i\super th}{\i century BC \par }{ \par In late 11}{\super th}{ century BC, the Hebrews had their first king - Saul, followed by David and his son Solomon.
	www.luc.edu /faculty/ldossey/egyptians-assyrians.doc (1736 words)

	Athens history
		2nd Millenium BC: The Athenians claimed that they were born from the ground, and that, unlike others (e.g.
		Spartans), they were not immigrants into their own land.
		1st Millenium BC: According to orally transmitted historical memory, Athens was initially a monarchy.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/kapparis/AOC/Athenshistory.html (638 words)

	Wikinfo \| Huns (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		by the 2nd century BC their rise in power was enough to dislodge numerous central Eurasian peoples (like the Yue Chi Kushans) to put pressure on the teritory of Iran.
		References in Chinese sources to a people called the Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu) go back to 1200 BC, and these people may be the ancestors of the later, better-known (to western scholars) Huns, though not all scholars agree.
		The earliest reference in Chinese sources to a people called the Xiongnu (Hsiung-nu) goes back to early 12th century BC, in writings about the campaign by King Wuding (武丁 wu3 ding1) of the Shang Dynasty against the Gui Fang 鬼方 (gui3 fang1) tribe, which is regarded as another name of the Huns.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Hun (1399 words)

	Ancient Capitals - www.GatewaysToBabylon.com
		The official inscriptions of the neo- Babylon ian kings of the 6th century BC were, in addition to this, often written in ancient cuneiform figures which had been used in everyday life more than 1500 years earlier.
		In Mesopotamian history of the third millennium BC, the enormous political significance of the 'cosmic crosshair Nippur', D u r - a n - k i, the "connection between heaven and earth," is clearly visible.
		From the middle of the 2nd millennium BC until the fall of the Assyrian empire, Babylonian and Assyria wrestled for supremacy in Mesopotamia.
	www.gatewaystobabylon.com /religion/ancientcapitals.htm (6144 words)

	Iraq \| Iraq Online Directory \| Iraq Business Directory - About Iraq
		Due to its position, near the river and the sea, Ur was central in foreign trade of its time, and used Dilmun (now Bahrain) as transit harbour.
		27th century BC: The 1st dynasty of Ur is established by Mesanepada.
		Around 2100 BC: The 3rd dynasty is founded by Ur-Nammu, who revives the empire of Sumer and Akkad.
	www.iraqdirectory.com /en/aboutiraq.asp (425 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Harsha (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Panini in 900 BC invented a form of notation which was discovered by Backnus in mid 1950's and became the defacto standard of specifying the grammar of computer languages.
		The assignment of the Vedas to the 4th millenium BC is disputable.
		Western historians tend to place the Vedas to the middle of the 2nd millenium BC, largey based on their understanding of the AIT (or updated versions of it).
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=11965 (5147 words)

	Burma
		Little is understood of the period between the end of the paleolithic and the rise of the Pyu civilisation.
		As a result, the Qiang migrated south several time, until the 4th century BC when the Qiang were divided into several branches, one of them being the Qiang-Pyu.
		During this period, until the first years into the first millenium AD, they built several city-states, or rather city-kingdoms; most of them were only big villages, led by a "king", but there were also a few cities.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Places/Place/325105 (953 words)

	Decoding the Indus Script
		Then, he decided to examine, without prejudice, those scripts and alphabates of the world which were closest, in time, to the Indus script, to see whether those scripts or alphabates could give any clue as to the sound-value which could be assigned to these basic letters.
		The oldest extant inscription of the Indian Brahmi script dated to around 450 BC or so, while the Indus sites excavated dated down to the mid-2nd millenium BC, leaving a gap of a thousand years.
		While the direct connection between the late Indus script (1600 BC) and the Brahmi script could not be definitely established earlier, more and more inscriptions have been found all over the country in the last few years, dating 1000 BC, 700 BC, and so on, which have bridged the gap between the two.
	www.hindunet.org /hindu_history/ancient/indus/indus_script.html (1250 words)

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