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Topic: 2nd millennium BCE


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In the News (Fri 13 Nov 09)

  
  Iranica.com - PERSIAN GULF IN ANTIQUITY
Although remains dating to the 5th-3rd millennium BCE are well attested in the interior of Iran, they have yet to be positively identified on the Persian Gulf coast of the country, although a very Sumerian-looking statuette has been found on Kharg (K¨arg) island (Majidzadeh, 2003).
The late 3rd and early 2nd millennium BCE is well-represented on the western side of the Persian Gulf, with major settlements on Failaka (Faylaka) island, Kuwait (Højlund, 1987); on Tarut (Ta@rut) island, opposite the Qatif (al-Qatáif) oasis (Potts, 1989, pp.
In the early 2nd millennium BCE (Wadi Suq (Wa@di Suq) period in Oman) ceramic forms and fabrics change and simple wavy lines painted on storage jars, coupled with comb-incised decoration and raised shoulder ridges replace the often elegant fl-on-orange chevrons of the earlier period.
www.iranica.com /newsite/articles/ot_grp7/ot_pers_gulf_ant_200503223.html   (7703 words)

  
  2nd millennium BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The 2nd millennium BC marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age.
The first part of the millennium is a time a bit less colorful than others, a lull in the history of Ancient Near East, still living in the shadow of greater past times, and spending all energies in trying to recuperate from the deeply anarchic situation that was at the turn of the millennium.
Near the end of the 2nd millennium BC, new waves of barbarians, riding on horseback this time, wholly destroyed the Bronze Age world, and were to be followed by waves of social changes that marked the beginning of very different times.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/2nd_millennium_BCE   (1144 words)

  
 NationMaster - Encyclopedia: 2nd millennium BCE   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
millennium millennium [Lat.,=1,000 years], the period of 1,000 years in which, according to some schools of Christian eschatology, Christ will reign again gloriously on earth.
By the 4th millennium BC Palestine was inhabited by herders and farmers.
It was in the 3d millennium that most of the towns known in historical times came into existence.
www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/2nd-millennium-BCE   (516 words)

  
 Gezer
The importance of Bronze Age Gezer (2nd millennium BCE), is attested to in the many references to the city in Egyptian sources.
At the beginning of the 10th century BCE, Gezer was conquered and burned by an Egyptian pharaoh (probably Siamun), who gave it to King Solomon as the dowry of his daughter.
The conquest of Gezer by the Assyrian ruler Tiglath Pileser in 733 BCE is depicted in a stone relief found in the ruins of the palace of the kings of Assyria at Nimrud in Mesopotamia.
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/Gezer.html   (1757 words)

  
 History of Iran: Elamite Empire
1750 BCE) was not to be denied, and Elam was crushed in 1764 BCE.
In Babylonia, however, the 2nd dynasty of Isin led a native revolt against such control as the Elamites had been able to exercise there, and Elamite power in central Mesopotamia was eventually broken.
In a series of campaigns between 692 and 639 BCE, in an effort to clean up a political and diplomatic mess that had become a chronic headache for the Assyrians, Ashurbanipal's armies utterly destroyed Susa, pulling down buildings, looting, and sowing the land of Elam with salt.
www.iranchamber.com /history/elamite/elamite.php   (1381 words)

  
 2nd millennium BC   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
The Millennium Group is a dedicated private investigating firm made up of ex-law enforcement officers as well as a heroic band of Bible believers who fight for God against the Devil and his influences.
The Millennium Group was formed around 110 AD by a group of Christians avoiding persecution.
Both factions of the Millennium Group share the same basic belief - that the world is coming to an end - but they each have their own separate views regarding the source of this apocalypse.
www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-2nd_millennium_BC.html   (3651 words)

  
 Anatolia: Shaw's Outline of Ancient History
Idriaeus (351-344 BCE)- he died of disease and was succeeded by his sister and wife Ada (who later became Queen of Alinda), but she was expelled by her brother Pixodarus, who threw in his lot with the Persians inviting in a Persian Satrap Othontapates (Orontobates?) This satrap was ruling when Alexander arrived in 334.
In 500 BCE the tyrant of Mylasa was Oliatus, son of Ibanollis.
In 167 BCE they revolted from the Rhodians and were soon thereafter declared free by the Romans once more.Under the Pax Romana Mylasa flourished and brought under her control in the name of 'Sympolity' the cities of Euromos, Chalcetor, Hydae, Olympos and Labraynda, and their citizenry were alloted to her own tribes.
www.juyayay.com /outline/anatolia   (9235 words)

  
 Semitic Museum - Nuzi - Yorghan Tepe (NF)
Mid 2nd Millennium BCE: The town by this time included a large Hurrian population, and became known as Nuzi, one of the provincial towns in the kingdom of Arrapha.
Early 2nd Millennium BCE: Belonging to this period are a jar decorated with triangles and horizontal bands, an example of Habur Ware, and a bird-shaped vessel.
Late 4th Millennium BCE: This period is represented by a beveled-rim bowl, characteristic of the Late Uruk Period, and by stamp seals.
www.fas.harvard.edu /~semitic/hsm/NFNuziRest.htm   (539 words)

  
 Megiddo - The Solomonic Chariot City
A village had been established on the hill of Megiddo at the end of the 6th millennium BCE, but the first fortified urban settlement, remains of which were uncovered on bedrock in the eastern part of the tel, dates from the beginning of the 3rd millennium BCE.
Towards the end of the 2nd millennium BCE, a new Canaanite temple was built on the ruins of its predecessors; it had especially thick walls and included a small cultic chamber with two towers protecting its façade.
Toward the middle of the 2nd millennium, a new gate of unusually large dimensions, built of large ashlars on trimmed basalt foundations, was built in the city's northern wall.
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/Megiddo.html   (2002 words)

  
 The Median Empire; -The Coming of the Iranians & Creation of First Iranian Dynasty (CAIS)
millennium BCE, it was during the Iron Age that the Aryan Iranians rose to be the dominant force on the plateau.
Early in the 1st millennium, Iranian Medes already controlled almost all of the eastern Zagros and were infiltrating, if not actually pushing steadily, into the western Zagros, in some areas right up to the edge of the plateau and to the borders of lowland Mesopotamia.
In 612 BCE the attack on Nineveh was renewed, and the city fell in late August (the Babylonians arrived rather too late to participate fully in the battle).
www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/History/madha/medes2.htm   (1622 words)

  
 Yazdgerd III - Dedicated to the Researchers of Iran
In 680 BCE, Senneacherib was overthrown in a coup, and in a battle between eligible heirs to the throne, Esarhaddon succeeded as King of Assyria.
In 613 BCE the king of Assyria retreated to Nineveh, the Assyrian capital, where he was determined at all cost to defend Nineveh against the invading opposition army.
millennium BCE the Medians and Persians were united in northeastern Iran and later split their migration routes, and each established their respective civilization in their new homeland.
www.freewebs.com /yazdgerdiii/mediankingdom.htm   (6305 words)

  
 Lycia
It was related to Luwian, the dominating language Anatolia through the 2nd and 1st millennium BCE.
During independence, from early 2nd century BCE until the 4th century CE, the cities formed a democratic league, of city-states.
2nd millennium BCE: It is assumed that the Lycians were of the same group as the Luwians.
i-cias.com /e.o/lycia.htm   (474 words)

  
 Heritage
Both valleys were suited to large-scale agriculture using irrigation, and their inhabitants discovered ways to grow enough surplus food to support highly stratified societies with large, densely populated communities.
Over the course of the 4th millennium competing city-states developed in Mesopotamia, each with its local ruler and local god or gods and extensively cultivated fields whose crops were commodities of local trade.
By the mid-3rd millennium, the cities of Mesopotamia were forging alliances with each other for economic, social, and political purposes.
www.pbs.org /wnet/heritage/episode1/atlas/index.html   (644 words)

  
 Early history - Memory Alpha - A Wikia wiki   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
This article details the timeline since the 5th Millennium BCE until the 16th century.
CE: 1st Millennium CE / 2nd Millennium CE
The notation BCE ("Before Common Era") and CE ("Common Era") are alternative neutral notations for BC ("Before Christ") and AD ("anno Domini"), respectively.
memory-alpha.org /en/wiki/Early_History   (1685 words)

  
 Jerusalem
From about 1600 to 1300 BCE, the city came under Egyptian suzerainty though continued to be governed by Canaanite rulers who paid tribute to the Pharaohs.
In 597 BCE, the city was overcome by the Babylonians and in 586 BCE, the city's walls were ruined and the Temple was burnt.
By 19 BCE, the Temple Mount was raised and the Temple was rebuilt under Herod the Great, a Jewish client-king under Roman rule.
www.the-world-in-focus.com /Middle_East/Israel/Jerusalem/jerusalem.html   (1317 words)

  
 Yazdgerd III - Dedicated to the Researchers of Iran   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
During the 2nd millennium BCE, the Daeva clan migrated southward to the lands of Tokharistan (East Afghanistan), and from there onward northwest and west to the Indian frontier.
During the 2nd millennium BCE, Iranians along canals and rivers lived in villages and were pre-occupied with agriculture and domestication.
By this, we may explain the Iranian society during the 2nd and 1st millennium BCE and conclude their existence to be within the borders of Afghanistan, Sistan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and North and Central Iran.
www.freewebs.com /yazdgerdiii/primitiveiranians.htm   (7132 words)

  
 Samovila-Yemaya
Scatha's helmet is from a Celtic grave in Ciumesti, Romania, 3rd century BCE ; her torque is from Snettisham (Norfolk), England, mid 1st century BCE.
Her necklace is from Deir el-Balah, 14th-13th century BCE; her earring is from a falcon pendant from Tell el-Ajjul, mid 2nd millennium BCE.
3500 BCE, near Belgrade, Yugoslavia; on the left is a Goddess with a siren, canines and lions, 5th century BCE, Kherson mound, Ukraine; gold headdress after one found at Chertomlyk, 4th century BCE; bottom layer after a diadem from Kelermes, 6th century BCE; earring from Olbia, 5th century BCE; torque from Chertomlyk, 4th century BCE.
www.goddessmyths.com /Samovila-Yemaya.html   (1500 words)

  
 Heritage
By 1900 BCE Jerusalem was a small fortress city, far from any major trade route.
The Hebrew Bible, which preserves a memory of the city in the late 2nd millennium, refers to the inhabitants of the city as Jebusites.
At a crossroads of major routes leading from Nineveh to the Mediterranean and to Anatolia, Haran was a major commercial center from the 19th century BCE.
www.pbs.org /wnet/heritage/episode1/atlas/map1.html   (624 words)

  
 [No title]
This layout is already evidenced as sanctuaries in Anatolia in the 4th millennium BCE.
During the 3rd millennium BCE the megaron plan was also applied to temples in northern Syria (Tell Hawara).
Three temples excavated at Ebla (Syria) and dated to the beginning of the 2nd millennium BCE, exhibit the same plan: one had a niche in its rear wall for accommodating the statue of the deity.
archpark.org.il /article.asp?period_id=3&id=385   (241 words)

  
 The Origin Of The Zodiac
The formal scheme of Babylonian constellations was established early in the 2nd millennium BCE to mark 3 equatorially-centred stellar paths.
Circa the 5th-century BCE the Babylonian skywatchers needed a suitable frame of reference to indicate the positions of the Moon and the planets between the stars along the path of the ecliptic.
Circa 420 BCE the Babylonians substituted the original 12 constellations forming the zodiacal scheme with a sidereal scheme of twelve equal divisions of the ecliptic comprising 30º segments.
members.optusnet.com.au /~gtosiris/page9a.html   (3125 words)

  
 History of Constellation and Star Names
There is some evidence for the existence of constellations in the late 3rd millennium BCE in Sumeria (Ur III Period) and also in the Middle East in the city-states of Ebla and Mari.
The Babylonian scheme of constellations, excepting for the development of the zodiacal scheme of 12 constellations, was mostly finalised by the late 2nd-millennium BCE (i.e., near the end of the Cassite Period circa 1160 BCE).
The only significant change that took place in the early 1st-millennium BCE was the development of the 12-constellation zodiacal scheme (and the shift from the scheme of the "three ways" to the ecliptic as the primary celestial reference point).
members.optusnet.com.au /~gtosiris/page11-8a.html   (2314 words)

  
 Recent Archaeological Discoveries
Hazor was the largest city in the southern Levant for much of the 2nd millennium BCE and closely associated with the large and powerful Bronze Age city-states in Syria.
The Late Bronze Age city was destroyed sometime during the 13th century BCE in a fire so intense that it cracked the basalt architectural elements of the palace, the gate shrine, and other structures and left a layer of ash up to three feet deep in places.
The recent excavations at Hazor have shown definitively, however, that the six-chambered gate and casemate wall were built in the mid-10th century BCE, along with a large public building connected to the earliest phase of the casemate wall by a paved street.
www.ancientworlds.net /142570   (2069 words)

  
 Temples - The Temple of Athena at Miletus - Main
The Greek settlers from Pylos under Neleus are said to have massacred all the men in the old city, and built for themselves a new one on the coast.
The Delphinium was a Hellenistic open air shrine to Apollo surrounded by stoas on the four sides with a 6th century BCE altar in the center.
BCE) a smaller Temple to Athena was erected on the site, oriented east-west; this was destroyed when the newer Temple was built.
www.goddess-athena.org /Museum/Temples/Miletus/Miletus_m.htm   (1642 words)

  
 Timna: Valley of the Ancient Copper Mines
Ever since man discovered, in the 6th millennium BCE, how to turn a `piece of rock' into malleable metal, copper has been mined and smelted in the Timna Valley - even in modern times, by the Israeli Timna Mining Company, which is no longer in production.
Already in the Chalcolithic period (4th millennium BCE), iron ore (available in Timna) was added as flux to the smelting charge of copper ore and charcoal, which greatly improved the smelting.
The temple was badly damaged by earthquake and rebuilt during the reign of Pharaoh Ramses II (1304-1237 BCE), with an enlarged courtyard (10 x 9 m.) and a new, solid white floor.
www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Archaeology/timna.html   (1363 words)

  
 Mithra
The cult of Mithra originated from the Mesopotamian kingdom of Mitanni in the 2nd millennium BCE.
In its Assyrian and Babylonian versions in the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, Mithra was nothing less than the god of the sun.
In a temple from 200 BCE she was referred to as "The Immaculate Virgin Mother of Lord Mithra".
lexicorient.com /e.o/mithra.htm   (498 words)

  
 History of Iran: Iranologie.com
The origins of most of the earliest human settlements in the plateau are not known and they seem to be local, developing from hunter-gatherer stage to the settled farmers settling in the mountains or plains of southern Caspian coast and northern Persian Gulf.
Between 8,000 to 6,000 BCE, the earliest signs of settlement and domestication of animals appears in west and south-western Iran, followed by appearance of painted pottery.
Prior to their arrival, the plains of northern Persian Gulf were among the oldest civilised areas in the world history and the site of Susa was inhabited as far back as 4,200 BCE and had come under the rule of the kings of Akkad.
www.iranologie.com /history/history1.html   (3409 words)

  
 Indus Valley Civilization   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
Around 1800 BCE, signs of a gradual decline began to emerge, and by around 1700 BCE, most of the cities were abandoned.
Certain scholars propose that this was a major river during the third and fourth millennia BCE, and suggest that it may have been the Sarasvati River of the Rigveda.
In the course of the 2nd millennium BCE, remnants of the IVC's culture would (the so-called Cemetery H culture) amalgamated with that of other peoples, likely contributing to what eventually resulted in the rise of Vedic culture and eventually historical Hinduism.
en.explicatus.org /wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilization   (4155 words)

  
 The Table of Nations
Nineveh was the capital of Assyria from 704 to 612 BCE, and the previous capital was Calah, from 883.
The implicit assumption in claim for late composition is that the earliest possible date for the passage is the 14th century BCE - hence the surprise at the city of Asshur not being mentioned.
However, on the assumption that Genesis was compiled in the mid second millennium BCE, it is clear that the individual building blocks might originate substantially earlier.
www.oldtestamentstudies.net /proto/tablenations.htm   (1779 words)

  
 Untitled Document
Minoans: 3000 BCE While pyramids were rising in Egypt and ziggurats were being built in Mesopotamia, people from Asia Minor migrated to the Greek islands.
1800 BCE there was great palace built on Crete (the largest of the Greek islands, at a city called Knossos).
This was an almost 30 year war between Athens and Sparta, the two city-states that dominated the political history of Greece during the classical period (the 5th century BCE and most of the 4th).
www.christinaproenza.org /Chap3outine.html   (1857 words)

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