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Topic: 3 Maccabees

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Maccabees

	Maccabees - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Maccabees (Hebrew: מכבים, Makabim) were Jewish rebels who fought against the rule of Antiochus IV Epiphanes of the Hellenistic Seleucid dynasty, who was succeeded by his infant son Antiochus V Eupator.
		The Maccabees founded the Hasmonean royal dynasty and established Jewish independence in the Land of Israel for about one hundred years, from 165 BCE to 63 BCE.
		Books of 3 Maccabees and 4 Maccabees also exist, though they are not directly related to the Maccabees.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maccabees (295 words)

	Maccabees, Books Of, 3-5 (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		But 3 Maccabees has a place in two uncials of the Septuagint (A and V) and also in the ancient (Peshitta) Syriac version of the Scriptures, and it is given canonical rank in the Apostolical Constitutions (canon 85).
		In 3 Maccabees the cause of the action of Ptolemy IV was the failure of his project to enter the sanctum of the Jerusalem temple; this last perhaps a reflection of 2 Macc 3:9 ff., where it is related that Heliodorus was hindered from entering the temple by a ghostly apparition.
		That 3 Maccabees was composed in Greek is the opinion of all scholars and is proved by the free, idiomatic and rather bombastic character of the language in the Septuagint.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/5648 (3457 words)

	Mad Max & the Maccabees
		The unnamed author of 2 Maccabees explains that his work is actually a condensed version of a five-volume history written by a certain Jason of Cyrene (2:23).
		Although the idea of resurrection in 2 Maccabees differs in many ways from what we find in early Christian writings, nevertheless there is a common thread: the one who suffers righteously will be raised from the dead, and this resurrection will be his vindication.
		With the stories of the Maccabees echoing in their ears, the earliest Christians could hear the divine song of salvation as sung by Jesus, whose took upon himself the sin of the world in his passion, and who was vindicated through his resurrection from the death.
	www.markdroberts.com /htmfiles/resources/madmaxmaccabees.htm (2526 words)

	Maccabees, Books Of, 1-2 (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		The contents of 1 Maccabees and 2 Macc 4-15 are in the main parallel, dealing with the same incidents; but the simple narrative character of 1 Maccabees, in contrast to the didactic and highly religious as well as supernatural coloring of 2 Maccabees, can easily be seen in these corresponding parts.
		That the author of 1 Maccabees aims at giving a correct narrative, and that on the whole his account is correct, is the opinion of practically all scholars.
		The record of events in 2 Maccabees ends with the brilliant victory of Judas over Nicanor, followed by the death of the latter; but it is strange that the history of the main hero of the book should be dropped in the middle.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/5647 (6752 words)

	Encyclopedia: 3 Maccabees
		2 Maccabees is a deuterocanonical book of the Bible which focuses on the Jews revolt against Antiochus and concludes with the defeat of the Syrian general Nicanor in 161 BC by Judas Maccabeus, the hero of the work.
		Under the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopator (reigned 221-204 BC), son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II of Egypt, the decline of the Ptolemaic kingdom began.
		The Maccabees founded the Hasmonean royal line and established Jewish independence in the Land of Israel for about 100 years, from 165 BC to 63 BC.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/3-Maccabees (2749 words)

	Notes
		The overall effect is ironic, contributing to the tragic irony of the Bacchae and the comic irony of 3 Maccabees.
		In 3 Maccabees the episode serves largely as a preamble to the subsequent actions, while in the Bacchae it is the culmination.
		The prayer of Eliezer alludes to the deliverance of Daniel and Jonah from wild animals (3 Macc 6,6-8).
	www.bsw.org /project/biblica/bibl82/Ani09n.html (1577 words)

	2 MACCABEES, NRSV APOCRYPHA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In chs 3 and 4, as throughout the book, the epitomist shows that the attack of Seleucid kings on Jerusalem was precipitated by the intrigues of Hellenizers in Jerusalem.
		3 When his hatred progressed to such a degree that even murders were committed by one of Simon's approved agents, 4 Onias recognized that the rivalry was serious and that Apollonius son of Menestheus, and governor of Coelesyria and Phoenicia, was intensifying the malice of Simon.
		3 And the people of Joppa did so ungodly a deed as this: they invited the Jews who lived among them to embark, with their wives and children, on boats that they had provided, as though there were no ill will to the Jews; 4 and this was done by public vote of the city.
	www.anova.org /sev/htm/ap/10_2maccabees.htm (15092 words)

	3Macc
		3 For you, the creator of all things and the governor of all, are a just Ruler, and you judge those who have done anything in insolence and arrogance.
		3 The Jews, however, continued to maintain goodwill and unswerving loyalty toward the dynasty; 4 but because they worshiped God and conducted themselves by his law, they kept their separateness with respect to foods.
		3 When he had given these orders he returned to his feasting, together with those of his Friends and of the army who were especially hostile toward the Jews.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/3Macc.htm (5154 words)

	4 MACCABEES, NRSV APOCRYPHA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		3 If, then, it is evident that reason rules over those emotions that hinder self-control, namely, gluttony and lust, 4 it is also clear that it masters the emotions that hinder one from justice, such as malice, and those that stand in the way of courage, namely anger, fear, and pain.
		3 The lions surrounding Daniel were not so savage, nor was the raging fiery furnace of Mishael so intensely hot, as was her innate parental love, inflamed as she saw her seven sons tortured in such varied ways.
		3 Therefore those who gave over their bodies in suffering for the sake of religion were not only admired by mortals, but also were deemed worthy to share in a divine inheritance.
	www.anova.org /sev/htm/ap/16_4maccabees.htm (10025 words)

	maccabees
		Written about 50 BC Third and Fourth Maccabees, also found in the Septuagint, were not included in St. Jerome’s Vulgate nor in the Catholic Bibles, and are usually classified among the Pseudepigrapha...
		Herod successively murdered all the relatives of the Maccabees and the line of the Maccabees became extinct in 7 B.C. However, in the time of Jesus, the Pharisees were the layman followers of Judas Maccabee, and the Sadducees were the priests followers of Simon Maccabee.
		The name, Maccabee, meaning "hammerer" or "hammer-like", was originally the surname of Judas, the third son of Mattathias, because of his valour in combating the enemies of Israel, but was later extended to all the descendants of Mattathias, and even to all who took part in the rebellion.
	www.biblia.com /bible/maccabees.htm (869 words)

	Various Lists of Septuagint Books
		This other 2 Esdras (3 Esdras in the Slavonic Bible and 4 Esdras in an appendix to the Vulgate) is an apocalyptic work.
		3) 4 Maccabees is included as an appendix in Bibles of the Orthodox Church.
		Books and fragments that are canonical for the Orthodox but not for Roman Catholics: 1 Esdras, 3 Maccabees, Psalm 151, and the Prayer of Manasseh.
	www.geocities.com /Heartland/Pines/7224/Rick/Septuagint/sp_books.html (599 words)

	Schwartz: 2 Maccabees
		The challenge, therefore, in a framework such as this conference, is to show that I Maccabees is somewhat non-biblical and that II Maccabees is somewhat biblical.
		Indeed, I Maccabees takes care to underline the cessation of prophecy (4:46; 9:27), as might be expected from a dynastic propagandist whose heroes would have been discomfited by its renewal (14:41).
		Add to this the oft-noted fact that God, as in biblical historiography, is very obviously and even sensationally involved in the story of II Maccabees, in contrast to that of I Maccabees, and perhaps we will have successfully imported some balance, or confusion, into the simple dichotomy with which we began this paper.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /symposiums/1st/papers/Schwartz96.html (3629 words)

	USCCB - NAB - 1maccabees - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		he name Maccabee, probably meaning "hammer," is actually applied in the Books of Maccabees to only one man, Judas, third son of the priest Mattathias and first leader of the revolt against the Seleucid kings who persecuted the Jews (1 Macc 2:4, 66; 2 Macc 8:5, 16; 10:1, 16).
		The two Books of Maccabees, placed last in the Douai version of the Old Testament, contain independent accounts of events in part identical which accompanied the attempted suppression of Judaism in Palestine in the second century B.C. The vigorous reaction to this attempt established for a time the religious and political independence of the Jews.
		The Books of Maccabees, though regarded by Jews and Protestants as apocryphal, i.e., not inspired Scripture, because not contained in the Palestinian Canon or list of books drawn up at the end of the first century A.D., have nevertheless always been accepted by the Catholic Church as inspired, on the basis of apostolic tradition.
	www.usccb.org /nab/bible/1maccabees/intro.htm (774 words)

	3 MACCABEES, NRSV APOCRYPHA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The of the book known as 3 Maccabees is a misnomer, for it is not a historical account of the Maccabees, but a fictional story about Egyptian Jews under Ptolemy IV Philopator (221-204 BCE), half a century before the Maccabean period.
		Third Maccabees begins with a brief account of how Ptolemy was saved from assassination at the battle of Raphia by the intervention of a Jew (1.1-5).
		Third Maccabees belongs to a narrative genre that was especially popular among Jews who lived in the Diaspora, outside the land of Israel.
	www.anova.org /sev/htm/ap/14_3maccabees.htm (5761 words)

	3 Maccabees
		I chose to use 3 Maccabees as an example of a sapiential text, although one might debate this classification.
		The contents of 3 Maccabees correspond well to the genre "hellenistic romance" (not covered in this course, but an example in the OT Pseud is Joseph and Aseneth), so one could just as well consider it under that heading.
		Nickelsburg argues that 3 Maccabees shows a literary dependence on the Wisdom of Solomon's formulation of the Isaianic tradition, even though it reverts to the other scenario where vindication and punishment occur in this life.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~www_sd/3mac.html (1682 words)

	MACCABEES, BOOKS OF - Online Information article about MACCABEES, BOOKS OF
		MACCABEES, BOOKS OF, the name given to several Apocryphal books of the Old Testament.
		None of the books of Maccabees are contained in the Vatican (B); all of them are found in a Syriac recension.
		The title is of later origin, and rendered possible only by the generalization of the name Maccabee so as to embrace all who suffered for the ancestral faith.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /LUP_MAL/MACCABEES_BOOKS_OF.html (3882 words)

	3 Maccabees - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Josephus notes that many Jews were put to death in Alexandria under the reign of Ptolemy VIII Physcon (146-117 BC) due to their support for Cleopatra II, and this execution was indeed carried out by intoxicated elephants.
		This encyclopedia, history, geography and biography article about 3 Maccabees contains research on
		3 Maccabees, Synopsis, Authorship and historicity, External links, Deuterocanonical books, Jewish texts and Old Testament Apocrypha.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/3_Maccabees (654 words)

	4 Maccabees
		The book has two main divisions: 1) A philosophical discussion on the main proposition (1:13-3:18); 2) The story of the martyrs and the lessons to be learned from it (3:19-to the end).
		The entirely different style, and the circumstance, that Josephus in his Antiquities nowhere makes use of the second Book of Maccabees and thus seems not to know it, while the work in question is entirely based upon it, speak against his authorship.
		The first century after Christ is generally accepted as the date of composition, chiefly because the book must have been written before the destruction of Jerusalem.
	www.earlyjewishwritings.com /4maccabees.html (859 words)

	3 Maccabees
		The title of 3 Maccabees is curious because the book has nothing to do with the Maccabees (who are never mentioned in it).
		The principal feature that it shares with 1-2 Maccabees is that it is a story about a situation in which the Jewish people, this time in Egypt, were in danger of being annihilated by a Hellenistic monarch, in part for their religious convictions and practices.
		Physcon cast the Jews of Alexandria, who as adherents of Cleopatra were his political opponents, to intoxicated elephants, who however turned instead against the friends of the king, whereupon the king gave up his purpose and the Jews of Alexandria celebrated the day in remembrance of the event.
	www.earlyjewishwritings.com /3maccabees.html (1586 words)

	First Maccabees - Marriage and Giving in Marriage
		I Maccabees presents a historical account of political, military, and diplomatic events from the time of Judaea's relationship with Antiochus IV Epiphanes of Syria (reigned 175-164/163 BC) to the death (135/134 BC) of Simon Maccabeus, high priest in Jerusalem.
		It describes the refusal of Mattathias to perform pagan religious rites, the ensuing Jewish revolt against Syrian hegemony, the political machinations whereby Demetrius II of Syria granted Judaea its independence, and the election of Simon as both high priest and secular ruler of the Judaean Jews.
		Then the princes, the governors, and captains, the judges, the treasurers, the counsellors, the sheriffs, and all the rulers of the provinces, were gathered together unto the dedication of the image that Nebuchadnezzar the king had set up; and they stood before the image that Nebuchadnezzar had set up.
	www.piney.com /1Macc.html (9220 words)

	3 Maccabees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Letter of Aristeas is best known among Christian students as the work recounting the translation of the Septuagint, sponsored by Ptolemy II (283-247 BCE).
		3 Maccabees shares with Letter of Aristeas the dual setting in Palestine and Egypt during Ptolemaic rule.
		Both deal with relationship between Jews and gentiles, with 3 Macc emphasizing the differences, but Aristeas emphasizing commonalities.
	my.execpc.com /~gto/Apocrypha/Lectures/3macc.html (257 words)

	An Early Protestant Bible Containing The Third Book Of Maccabees: With A List Of Editions And Translations Of Third ...
		Third Maccabees, written by an unknown author in a pseudoclassical style of Greek, purports to be a historical account of the persecution and miraculous salvation of Egyptian Jewry during the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopater (221- 205 B.C.).
		The text of 3 Maccabees is found in manuscripts of the Septuagint (A, V, and many minuscules).
		An analysis of the list discloses that even after the Council of Trent, which on April 8, 1546, declared that only 1 and 2 Maccabees should be received as authoritative, not a few Bibles in the West continued to be published containing 3 Maccabees.
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Bible/Text/Canon/protmetzger.html (2612 words)

	MAACAH
		To understand the work of the Maccabees, it is necessary to take note of the relation in which the Jews and Palestine stood at the time to the immediately neighboring nations.
		On the other hand, the account of the celestial appearances in 2 Macc 3:24 ff; 11:8, etc., and the description in 6:18 ff of the martyrdom of Eleazar the scribe and of the 7 brethren and their mother, carry on their face the marks of their legendary and unhistorical character.
		The 3rd visit of Paul to Macedonia took place some 3 months later and was occasioned by a plot against his life laid by the Jews of Corinth, which led him to alter his plan of sailing from Cenchrea, the eastern seaport of Corinth, to Syria (2Co 1:16; Ac 20:3).
	www.heraldmag.org /olb/contents/dictionaries/0MISBE.htm (19651 words)

	The Biblical Canon Of The Ethiopian Orthodox Church Today
		The 3 books of 'Maccabees' (Mäqabeyan), which are counted as 2 by the Canon Law Commentary by reckoning the 2nd and 3rd as one book, are not the same as any of the 4 LXX books of Maccabees, or as Pseudo-Josephus, which the Canon Law Commentary calls 'a further book of Maccabees'.
		Jubilees, 1, 2, 3 Maccabees, Enoch, Ezra Apocalypse, 1 Esdras, Tobit, Judith, Wisdom, Ecclesiasticus, Baruch, 'the rest of Jeremiah', Susanna, 'the rest of Daniel'.
		3 above), adds 8 books of Clement which he received from the apostles, and 1 book of Clement which only the scholars of the church should read (cf.
	www.islamic-awareness.org /Bible/Text/Canon/ethiopican.html (2611 words)

	S. D. Lee 'Judith, Esther, and the Maccabees' III:1-3
		A capital Æ is offset in the margin at the beginning of the text, and at the top of the folio there is the additional title of ‘Reliquiæ libri Machabeorum’.
		They are clearly written as part of the manuscript as a whole and conform to all the observations made by Ker.
		(3) It is used here as the base manuscript for the Maccabees.
	users.ox.ac.uk /~stuart/kings/III.htm (1695 words)

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