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Topic: 305 BCE

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	Maurya Empire Summary
		In 305 BCE Chandragupta Maurya defeated the Greek General Seleucus Nikator (358?–281 BCE) and became master of the trans-Indus region.
		He was assassinated in 185 BCE during a military parade, by the commander-in-chief of his guard, the Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then took over the throne and established the Sunga dynasty.
		The assassination of Brhadrata and the rise of the Sunga empire led to a wave of persecution for Buddhists, and a resurgence of Hinduism.
	www.bookrags.com /Maurya_Empire (3766 words)

	[No title]
		Queen Soreknofru is one of the rulers during this dynasty.
		Queen Hatshepsut is one of the rulers of the XVIII Dynasty.
		671 BCE: Egypt - Egypt is conquered by the Assyrians.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/egpage.htm (667 words)

	Egyptian History: Graeco-Roman Dynasties (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ptolemy II Philadelphus, (reigned 284-246 BCE), married to his full sister, Asinoe II, and sharing power with her, continued the reorganisation of Egypt, basing his decisions on facts gathered during extensive censuses.
		Ptolemy XII Auletes, (c.112-51 BCE, r.80-51) was the illegitimate son of Ptolemy IX (r.
		At the sea battle of Actium the Egyptian navy was decisively defeated and Antony and Cleopatra fled to Alexandria.
	nefertiti.iwebland.com /history-g-r.htm (1674 words)

	Ptolemy 1 Soter 1
		367- 283 BCE) King of Egypt 305-285 BCE and founder of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
		Among Ptolemy's most important achievements was to make Alexandria the capital of his rule, as well as to found the fabled Library of Alexandria which became the world centre for much of contemporary science.
		Ptolemy declared himself king in 305, but in terms of real power this was without importance.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/ptolemy_1.htm (290 words)

	africanfront.com (AUF)
		1518 BCE Moses (of the Bible) is born at Memphis Egypt and is adopted by princess Neferubity Thutmosis (sister to Hatshepsut and Thutmosis II).
		606 BCE Nineveh, capital of Assyria, is captured by the Chaldean Babylonians and the Medes, establishing the Chaldean Empire.
		327 BCE At Makaranda in Samarkand, Persia, during a drunken rage Alexander murders Cleitus Niger, the African King of Bactria, foster brother of Alexander and commander of the "royal squadron" of the Greek/Macedonian armies under Phillip and Alexander.
	www.africanfront.com /calendar.php (7778 words)

	Hellenistic Period in Anatolia and Asia Minor
		Hellenistic Period covers from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, to the death of Cleopatra and annexation of Egypt by the Romans in 30 BCE.
		When he died in Babylon, in 323 BCE, he left behind, a mentally ill half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus who was hailed as Philip III, and his pregnant wife Roxane who had later given birth to a baby who was proclaimed Alexander IV of Macedon.
		Decisions taken at the meeting held at Triparadeisus in 321 BCE, by the former generals of Alexander, and new warlords brought new regulations and led to the division of the Alexander's Empire.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/hellenistic_period.htm (1496 words)

	BabylonvsProphets
		305 BCE under the Seleucids and extending to the 1st century CE, when the last cuneiform clay tablets were composed honoring the city's gods.
		The allusion to the "punishment of the Assyrian king" proably refers to the destruction of Nineveh, and the sacking of the Assyrian capital, in 612 BCE, by a Median/Babylonian lead coalition, and the later demise of the Assyrian empire.
		He leveled the walls of the city and tore down the temples and houses to their foundations, dumping the rubble into the canals intersecting the city, then he diverted the Euphrates to inundate to town and cause it to disappear beneath its waters.
	fontes.lstc.edu /~rklein/Documents/BabylonvsProphets.htm (3605 words)

	index_bce_399_300
		(early 300's BCE onward), the region of the upper Indus River valley in modern Pakistan and on into eastern Afghanistan (kaladarshan; livius; perso wanadoo), becomes a tremendous center of Greek and Buddhist cultural mingling and diffusion, as can be seen from its rich archaeological sites, especially Taxila (livius) and important sculpture (ANU; himalayan art).
		(305 BCE): Seleukos Nikator, Alexander's satrap in Persia, founder of the huge Seleucid Empire (parthia), crosses the Khyber Pass into the Punjab-- where Chandragupta meets him with a huge army and defeats him.
		(300's BCE?), the first great Sanskrit grammarian: his pithy, rigorously sequential grammatical rules in the form of verse sutras are almost untranslatable, so scroll down and have a look at samples of the originals: (taralabalu).
	www.columbia.edu /itc/mealac/pritchett/00routes/bce_399_300/index_bce_399_300.html (430 words)

	\|\|The Cradle of Nubian Civilisation\|\|
		1570-1546 BCE Reign of Ahmose I in Egypt; Nubian campaigns and the appointment of an Egyptian as the "Viceroy of Kush".
		671 BCE Esarhaddon speeds across Sinai with his camel cavalry and meets the Nubian and Egyptian forces of Taharka in the eastern Delta; Taharka is defeated and withdraws from Tanis and retreats to Memphis citadel.
		661 BCE Tanutamun defeated in Memphis and driven from Thebes that is sacked by Ashurbanipal.
	www.thenubian.net /chronology.php (3611 words)

	Maurya Empire information - Search.com
		Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic plains of modern Bihar and Bengal and its capital city of Pataliputra (near modern Patna), the Empire was founded in 321 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya, who had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty and began expanding his power across central and western India.
		When Alexander the Great conquered the north-western part of the Indian subcontinent in 326 BCE, he allied with king Ambhi of Taxila (called Taxiles or Omphis in Greek sources), and with his support managed to subdue king Porus of Pauravas, a state of eastern Punjab, defeating him at the Battle of the Hydaspes River.
		However, the prospect of battling Magadha in a major war was one of the factors that caused the refusal of his troops to go further east, Alexander returned to Babylon, and redeployed most of his troops west of the Indus.
	www.search.com /reference/Maurya_Empire (3220 words)

	Daniel 11:1-45
		And the king of the south shall be strong, — Ptolemy I Soter, son of Lagus, declared himself king of Egypt in 306 BCE and thus founded the Ptolemaic line of rulers in the south.
		With the death of Antigonus at the battle for Ipsus in 301 BCE Seleucus had secured for himself what was previously all of Antigonus' empire.
		The second event is the desolation of the city of Jerusalem in 70 CE and is described in Daniel 7:21; 9:27; 12:7, which was preceded by the events of 66 CE when the Roman armies surrounded the city.
	members.aol.com /gparrishjr/dn11ss.html (8045 words)

	notes2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Battle of Marathon (490 BCE)- The Persian emperor Darius retaliated and attacked Attica (the peninsula dominated by Athens) in 490 BCE.
		Battle of Thermopylae (480 BCE)- The Greek military strategy early in the war was to slow the Persian invasion long enough to allow the Greek navy the chance to attack the Persian fleet.
		Reforms of Tiberius Gracchus and Gaius Gracchus (around 133 BCE)- Tiberius was elected a Tribune of the plebeians in 133 BCE and proposed redistributing public lands to provide landless peasants with small farms.
	users.gloryroad.net /~cmonte/WHnotes2.html (11022 words)

	Ethnic Identity, On–line Exhibit
		Grenfell and Hunt were happy to discover that the cartonnage covering the human mummies in the Ptolemaic cemetery often consisted of reused texts written on papyrus rolls in place of the usual linen.
		Dating from the second and early first centuries BCE, these texts are also mainly documentary (i.e., not "literary") and have already contributed significantly to the study of Ptolemaic administrative and legal practice.
		In contrast to the painted wood panels of the Roman period, this cartonnage mask cannot be interpreted as a portrait recording the actual appearance of the deceased.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~tebtunis/lecture/clar_ex1.html (533 words)

	Religion, Magic and Medicine On–line Exhibit
		Ptolemy I (305–285 BCE) built the temple dedicated to a local form of the Egyptian crocodile god Sobek, Soknebtunis.
		Herodotus (fifth century BCE) and Strabo (first century BCE) visited living manifestations of crocodile god and were invited to feed them.
		Although the papyrus was extracted from a crocodile mummy at Tebtunis, the crocodile temple referred to in the letter is probably the main Sobek temple at the nome capital Ptolemais Euergetis (previously Krokodilopolis) and the "Labyrinth" is the mortuary temple of the pharaoh Amenemhet III (1818–1770 BCE).
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~tebtunis/lecture/rath_ex1.html (652 words)

	The Temple of Dendera (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Ptolemaic period (305 - 30 BCE) refers to the period of time in which Egypt was ruled by a succession of fifteen Hellenistic rulers all sharing the name of Ptolemy.
		The policy pursued by Alexander the Great (332 - 323 BCE), in which he portrayed himself as an Egyptian ruler, appears to be have been followed by his Ptolemaic successors.
		In front of her, in traditional Pharaonic dress, is Caesarion (Ptolemy Caesar), her son by Julius Caesar, who Cleopatra established as her co-regent at the age of four.
	www.grisel.net /dendera.htm (557 words)

	Ancient Mythological Literary Sources
		552-468 BCE) - "Perseus and Danae," "Europa;" Epigrams; Encomia ("On the Sea Battle of Salamis"); Epitaphs ("To the Dead at Thermopylae").
		He was known to have written several collections of Hymns, but most of these have been lost.
		Vergil (70 BCE-19 BCE, Roman) - Eclogues or Bucolics (pastoral poetry); Georgics (agricultural, didactic poetry); Aeneid (epic saga of Aeneas and his founding of the Roman people in Italy).
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu /~eshaw/mythsrcs.htm (841 words)

	History Ancient Coins Kings Emperors Germanic Invasion Lifestyle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Macedonian dynasty of the Ptolemies ruled Egypt from the death of Alexander to that of Cleopatra in 30 BCE.
		Maues was an Indo-Scythian king in the early 1st century BCE.
		Azilises was king of the Indo-Scythians in the mid 1st century BCE.
	www.nok-benin.co.uk /history_europe3.htm (694 words)

	Eastern Philosophy, Glossary of Terms (Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Chuang-Tzu (369-286 BCE): Second of the great Taoist philosophers, attributed with composing the first portion of the text titled the Chuang-Tzu; using colorful stories, the text describes the notions of the Tao, non-action, non-mind, transformation, and freedom artificial social constraints.
		Hsun-Tzu (298-238 BCE): Early skeptical Confucian philosopher who argued that all events are in accord with natural law, and that humans are by nature selfish; his writings are collected in a work titled The Hsun-Tzu.
		Perfection of Wisdom (prajnaparamita): In Mahayana Buddhism, an early collection of writings beginning about 100 BCE which focuses on the importance of wisdom among the ten ideal perfections (paramitas); emphasizing the notion of emptiness (sunyata), the most famous of these works are the Diamond Cutter Sutra (vajracchedika-prajnaparaita) and the Heart Sutra (prajnaparamita-hydaya).
	www.utm.edu /staff/jfieser/vita/teaching/2003/eastglos.htm (4582 words)

	India, 320 BCE to 120 CE
		In an effort to combat the drought, Chandragupta, in 301 BCE, abdicated in favor of one of his sons, Bindusara, and he withdrew with the Jainist sage to a religious retreat in India's southwest.
		In 185 BCE, the rule of the Mauryan family ended when an army commander-in-chief, Pushyamitra Sunga, murdered the last Mauryan king during a parade of his troops.
		From 141 to 128 BCE the Scythians were able to push into lush, agricultural Bactria, against the Greeks there, who were already weakened by warfare.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch13.htm (5246 words)

	history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		315 BCE: The accession of Chandragupta I (known to the Greeks as Sandrocottus), founding the dynasty of the Imperial Guptas at Pataliputra (Gk Palibothra) and initiating the Gupta era in the year of his accession which seems to have tallied with his marriage to the Lichchabi princess Kumardebi.
		305 BCE: Seleucas Nicator, successor of Alexander in the East, crossed the Indus but stopped by Chandragupta I, pushed back, chased up the right bank of the river and defeated.
		285 BCE: The accession of Samudragupta (known to the Greeks as Amitrachates, Sanskrit Amitrachchhetta, meaning ‘Mower of enemies’, akin to the title given to Samudragupta in later Gupta inscriptions, Sarbarajochchhetta, ‘Mower of all Kings’).
	muktadhara.net /page13.html (4526 words)

	Penn Museum \| Amarna: Ancient Egypt's Place in the Sun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		There was a city of Philadelphia (which meant, in ancient Greek, “City of Brotherly Love”) located in Egypt, about 75 miles to the southwest of modern day Cairo, founded during the Ptolemaic Period (305-30 BCE).
		Much about what we now know of this ancient Philadelphia is due to a discovery in the early 1900s of more than 2000 documents written on papyrus that give us insight into all aspects of society in the 3rd century BCE.
		This ancient city was dedicated to Queen Arsinoe II, the sister/wife of King Ptolemy II Philadelphus (285-246 BCE).
	www.museum.upenn.edu /new/exhibits/amarna/funfacts2.shtml (187 words)

	Ptolemy
		ADELFWN, conjoined busts of Ptolemy II and Arsinöe II right; Ptolemy is diademed and draped, Arsinöe is diademed and veiled; Gallic shield behind their heads / QEWN, conjoined busts of Ptolemy I and Berenike I; Ptolemy is diademed and draped, Berenike is diademed and veiled.
		Ptolemy VII, Neos Philopater, 145 to 144 BCE
		After battle of Actium in 31 BCE and the death of Cleopatra 30 BCE.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/ptolemyPic.htm (1123 words)

	History of Iran: Roxane (Roshanak), Bactrian princess and official wife of Alexander the Great
		In the years 330-327 BCE, we see Alexander appointing Persians in important functions, dress himself like an Iranian nobleman, introduce the oriental court ritual (proskynesis).
		The marriage was concluded according to the local customs (click here for a description), and Roxane followed her husband when he invaded India (326 BCE) and returned to Babylonia (325-324 BCE).
		For several years, she and her son were safe, but one of the rival commanders, Cassander, captured them in 316.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/roxane/roxane.php (490 words)

	"Firsts" in Ancient Jewish Coins
		during the later part of Persian rule, which began in 539 BCE with the Persian defeat of the Babylonian empire, and ended in 334 BCE with the conquest of the
		Minted by Antiochus VII during reign of Maccabean leader John Hyrcanus I, 132 to 130 BCE, bronze.
		Between the horns of the double cornucopia is a uniquely Jewish addition, the pomegranate, a symbol of fertility that was also as a symbol and design element used in the Temple in Jerusalem (see also Figure 7 for another example of the Pomegranate).
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/1stjewish.htm (2265 words)

	Ancient Egyptian Chronology: Dynasties
		2025-1979 BCE: Dynasty XI 2000 BCE: The Egyptians domesticate the cat for the purpose of catching snakes.
		Egypt was ripe for invasion because of (A) complacency; (B) Erosion of central authority; (C) Egyptian army was ill-equipped and unprepared for war.
		730-712 BCE: Dynasty XXIV 775-653 BCE: Dynasty XXV 671 BCE: Egypt is conquered by the Assyrians.
	www.crystalinks.com /egypt3.html (1560 words)

	Macedonian Rulers
		This space/timeline is a schematic diagram of the tenure of major protagonists in the power struggles that shaped the history of Hellenism in the eastern Mediterranean basin during the last 3 centuries BCE.
		It begins with the election of Philip II as leader (hegemon) of the league of Greek city states and ends with the death of Cleopatra VII in Egypt.
		Hellenistic World After the Breakup of Alexander's Empire 310 BCE - map posted for Barry D. Smith's course on The Intertestamental Period (Atlantic Baptist U).
	virtualreligion.net /iho/macedon.html (559 words)

	Ptolemaic dynasty
		Pharaonic dynasty in ancient Egypt, lasting for a period of 275 years from 305 BCE until 30 BCE (or from 323 until 30, if including the time Ptolemy 1 was governor) when it was ended by Roman annexation.
		The founder of the dynasty was the Macedonian general Ptolemy, who became governor after the death of Alexander the Great.
		The Ptolemaic dynasty was marked by little territorial expansion, even if the neighbour regions of Cyrenaica and Palestine, as well as Cyprus were at times under their control.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/ptolemaic_dynasty.htm (204 words)

	Kingdom of Judah - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		720 BCE, the Kingdom of Judah survived for almost 350 years, until it was conquered in 586 BCE by the Babylonian Empire under Nebuzar-adan, captain of Nebuchadnezzar's body-guard.(2 Kings 25:8-21).
		In the wake of the conquest by the Babylonian Empire much of the populate of the Kingdom of Judah was dispersed throughout that empire.
		Jerusalem was captured by the Babylonians and Jehoiachin deposed on March 16, 597 BCE.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah (1517 words)

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