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| | India - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography |
 | | From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country laying the foundations of ancient India. |
 | | From the sixteenth century onwards, several European countries, including Portugal, Netherlands, France and the United Kingdom, started arriving as traders, later taking advantage of the fractious nature of relations between the kingdoms, to establish colonies in the country. |
 | | In the early twentieth century, a nationwide struggle for independence was launched by the Indian National Congress, and various revolutionary groups. |
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