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Topic: 321 BCE

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	Britain.tv Wikipedia - History of India
		Around the 5th century BCE, the northern Indian subcontinent was invaded by the Achaemenid Empire and, by the late 4th century BCE, the Greeks of Alexander's army.
		In 321 BCE, exiled general Chandragupta Maurya, under direct patronage of the genius of Chanakya, founded the Maurya dynasty after overthrowing the reigning king Dhana Nanda to establish the Maurya Empire.
		The Sunga dynasty was established in 185 BCE, about fifty years after Ashoka's death, when the king Brihadratha, the last of the Mauryan rulers, was brutally murdered by the then commander-in-chief of the Mauryan armed forces, Pusyamitra Sunga, while he was taking the Guard of Honour of his forces.
	www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=History_of_India (6002 words)

	Lothal - tScholars.com (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Two sub-periods of Harappan culture are distinguished: the same period (between 2400–1900 BCE) is identical to the exuberant culture of Harappa and Mohenjodaro.
		Before the arrival of Harappan peoples (c 2400 BCE), Lothal was a small village next to the river providing access to the mainland from the Gulf of Khambhat.
		This is evidenced in adjacent cities of Rangpur, Rojdi, Saurashtra, Rupar and Harappa in Punjab, Mohenjodaro and Chanhudaro in Sindh.
	www.tscholars.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/Lothal (5056 words)

	MauryaEmpire.htm
		Megasthenes was sent to the court of King Chandragupta Maurya as an ambassador by hellenistic King Seleucus I Nicator after a peace treaty was signed between them and sealed with a marriage alliance of Seleucus' daughter and Chandragupta's son.
		Chandragupta Maurya abnegated the empire in 297 BCE to became an Jain ascetic and traveled to a town Sravana Belgola (near present day Bangalore) in South India.
		Asoka succeeded his father Bindusara either in 272 or 265 BCE (historians are not in agreement)).
	worldcoincatalog.com /AC/C3/India/MauryanEmpire/MauryaEmpire.htm (383 words)

	Mauryan Empire (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He was assassinated in 185 BCE during a military parade by the commander-in-chief of his guard, the Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga, who Then took over the throne and established the Sunga dynasty.
		The assassination of Brhadrata and the rise of the Sunga Empire led to a wave of persecution for Buddhists, and a resurgence of Hinduism.
		It also triggered the 180 BCE invasion of northern India by the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius, who went as far as Pataliputra and established an Indo-Greek kingdom that was to last close to two centuries until around 10 BCE, and under which Buddhism was able to flourish.
	mauryan-empire.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (785 words)

	Hellenistic Period in Anatolia and Asia Minor
		Hellenistic Period covers from the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE, to the death of Cleopatra and annexation of Egypt by the Romans in 30 BCE.
		When he died in Babylon, in 323 BCE, he left behind, a mentally ill half-brother, Philip Arrhidaeus who was hailed as Philip III, and his pregnant wife Roxane who had later given birth to a baby who was proclaimed Alexander IV of Macedon.
		Decisions taken at the meeting held at Triparadeisus in 321 BCE., by the former generals of Alexander, and new warlords brought new regulations and led to the division of the Alexander's Empire.
	www.ancientanatolia.com /historical/hellenistic_period.htm (1497 words)

	Mauryan Empire Asoka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Chandragupta abdicated in 293 BCE in favor of his son Bindusura (293 - 268 BCE) and became a Jain Monk.
		Following the death of Asoka the Mauryan Empire began to break apart and the last Mauryan ruler was deposed in 185 BCE.
		The Mauryan Empire was the largest area under one rule on the Indian subcontinent until the Mughal Empire of the 17th century.
	tjbuggey.ancients.info /Mauryamap.html (225 words)

	History of Sri Lanka - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The recorded History of Sri Lanka is usually taken to begin in the 6th century BCE, when the Indo-Aryan people migrated into the island from India.
		The main historical written evidence is the Mahavamsa, also including Dipavamsa and Chulavamsa.
		This may imply that the Indo-Aryan section of Sri Lankan population may have materially descended from the north-western Kambojas and partly from Saka (Murinda) and the Yavana colonists.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/History_of_Sri_Lanka (4513 words)

	History1
		Alexander died prematurely and unexpectedly in 323 BCE at the age of thirty one.
		In 223 BCE, Antiochus III the Great succeeded his brother Seleucus II Calinicus as king; his first significant act as ruler was to begin a military campaign against the Ptolemaic Kingdom, known as the Fourth Syrian War (219-17 BCE).
		Antiochus III was killed in 187 BCE in the attempt to plunder a temple in Elymais.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Hist1.htm (7796 words)

	The Sign of Jonah and the History of the Reconstruction of the Temple (No. 13)
		The destruction of the Temple at Elephantine was the start of a series of anti-Semitic Egyptian uprisings which commenced in 410 BCE and continued until the reign of Artaxerxes II who faced an Egyptian rebellion on his ascension in 404 BCE and in 402 BCE he lost Egypt.
		In 401 BCE he fought a civil war in Persia and, throughout this, the Jews remained loyal accounting for their favourable treatment.
		If the decree was taken from 516 BCE from the reign of Darius 1 to follow on directly from the 70 weeks of years then the end of the prophecy was in 26 BCE which seems to relate to nothing.
	www.ccg.org /english/s/p013.html (9024 words)

	Sabbath Message
		All texts of the Hebrew Canon were finished and compiled by the death of Ezra in 321 BCE, which coincided with Alexander the Great, who is recorded to have died in the same year as Ezra, being in, or by, 321 BCE.
		Esther was entered into the Canon along with the other texts at the death of Ezra in 321 BCE and translated into the Septuagint in the third century BCE.
		That was a practice in use from the second century BCE to the fourth century CE that attributed writings as being from people often in the Bible and long dead.
	www.logon.org /_domain/ccg.org/Sabbath/2004/S_05_15_04.htm (4073 words)

	Regents Prep Global History & Geography: Movement of People & Goods Vocabulary List
		Hellenistic : Time period from the late 4th century BCE to the 1st century CE that was characterized by Greek achievement and a blending of Persian, Egyptian, Greek, and Indian cultures due to the empire of Alexander the Great.
		New Kingdom : (1550 BCE - 1100 BCE) Period in ancient Egyptian history characterized by strong pharaohs who conquered an empire that stretched from Nubia in the south, to the Euphrates River in Mesopotamia.
		The Perisan Empire dominated the Middle East from the middle of the 6th century BCE to about the end of the 5th century BCE, Its greatest ruler was Dairus I. Persia was later conquered by Alexander the Great.
	regentsprep.org /Regents/global/vocab/topic.cfm?topic=l (3101 words)

	[No title]
		Sparta and its allies fear domination by Athens and invade Attica, announcing that they are fighting against Athenian imperialism for their independence and for the liberty of Greeks.
		They are to adopt new military weaponry, dropping the spear in favor of a two-foot long sword, adopting helmets, breastplates and a shield with iron edges.
		Alexander's generals have sworn to keep Alexander's empire together, but for some Macedonians it is unthinkable that their king should be the son of a barbarian Asian woman.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~gdc/sp05/epoch/600-300BCE.htm (4915 words)

	Manetho (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		He was a Greco-Egyptian priest born at Sebennytos in the Nile Delta, and lived during the reign of Ptolemy I and Ptolemy II, approximately 300 BCE and a contemporary of Berosus (Chaldean chronologist).
		Manetho divided Egyptian history into dynasties which were essentially ruling houses, of which 30 are recognized and used today, dating from unification around 3100 BCE up until the death of the last native Egyptian ruler Nectanebo II in 343 BCE.
		Lysimachus fought Antigonus; Ptolemy and Seleucus fought at Ipsus (301 BCE); and Seleucus defeated Lysimachus at Corupedion (281 BCE).
	www.lebtahor.com /chronology/manetho.htm (503 words)

	A CHRONOGRAPHY OF POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICT
		771 BCE The Chou dynasty in China is forced to abandon its western capital in Hao, of the Wei River Valley and move its seat eastward to Loyang due to the threat of a barbarian invasion.
		400-300 BCE The Celts settle in the Danube-Sava basin.
		312 BCE Seleucus Nicator, one of Ptolemy's generals in Syria, establishes a kingdom ranging from Syria in the west to India in the east (approximately the scope of the ancient Assyrian or Babylonian Empires) and founds the Seleucid empire.
	www.humanitas-international.org /perezites/archive/timeline.htm (19687 words)

	Iranologie.com: Arsacid Empire, Chapter I (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In 305-204 BCE, Seleukos undertook a campaign in the east to consolidate his power and managed to subdue Zrankia, Bactria, and the rest of the east, an indicator that Alexander probably never managed this.
		From 294-286 BCE, much of Seleukos’ time was spent in fighting with Demetrios, son of Antigonos who had escaped the disaster at Ipsos.
		Further to the west, in 247 BCE the ruling classes in the satrapy of Parthia chose a tribal ruler of the Parni as their new king.
	www.iranologie.com /history/arsacid/chapter1.html (1980 words)

	Old World Contacts/Overviews/First Period: 350 BCE - 400 CE
		In the year 200 BCE, Rome was a republic and had just defeated Hannibal and his Phoenicians in the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE).
		Beginning around 206 BCE, the Han dynasty succeeded in providing a unifying influence to the diverse peoples of Asia and the ancient Silk Roads were secured through the military ability of the Han generals.
		India was a destination for adventurous merchants and travellers as far back as 3000 BCE but it was not until the Mauryan Empire (321-181 BCE) was established that there was sufficient stability for trade to blossom.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/oldwrld/overview/first.html (1426 words)

	Roma - Important Neighbors
		Parthia itself was an old province of the Achemenian Dynasty, which collapsed after the conquest of Alexander the Great in 321 BCE.
		The language spoken by the population resembled Old Persian related to modern Farsi, which is the official language of Iran.
		In 125 BCE, Mithradates I of Parthia attacked the Seleucids and was able to capture Media, Persis and parts of northern India.
	library.thinkquest.org /26907/neigh.htm (1536 words)

	Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Dating is in the secular BCE and BC dating.
		BCE stands for Before Common Era, which correlates to BC in the Latin dating.
		Second Triumvirate rules from 44 BCE to 33 BCE.
	www.lebtahor.com /historytimeline/timelinechart.htm (963 words)

	Viva la Assyria! - Alternate History Discussion Board
		Although not Destroyed, The city of Haran is conquered by the Babylonians and Ashur-uballit II himself is killed in 609 BCE, The Fall of the Assyrian Empire and the Rise of the Babylonians.
		The Egyptian Army lands in Marathon latter in 321 BCE, and the combined Athenian/Egyptian miltary annhilates all of the Macedonian Resitance in the Pelopenessuss.
		In 320 BCE, Under Demosthenes...The Athenian army pushes Northward and succeeds in Defeating Antipater's Army in Thessaly at the Battle of Crannon.
	www.alternatehistory.com /discussion/showthread.php?p=948 (5137 words)

	Blood Feud in Paradise
		321 - 185 BCE, Buddhism in Kashmir (pp.
		This period saw the spread of the Aryans and Hinduism eastward along the Gangetic plain to the Bay of Bengal and the emergence of the mahajanapada, the amalgamation of tribal groups into larger, regional sovereignties.
		He watched the three-way tug-of-war between the Indian National Congress, the Muslim League, and the rapidly expiring British Empire, the maneuvering for position in anticipation of the moment when the British would relinquish their hold on the sub-continent.
	www2.sjsu.edu /depts/english/Rogers.htm (12229 words)

	Macedonian Rulers
		This space/timeline is a schematic diagram of the tenure of major protagonists in the power struggles that shaped the history of Hellenism in the eastern Mediterranean basin during the last 3 centuries BCE.
		It begins with the election of Philip II as leader (hegemon) of the league of Greek city states and ends with the death of Cleopatra VII in Egypt.
		Hellenistic World After the Breakup of Alexander's Empire 310 BCE - map posted for Barry D. Smith's course on The Intertestamental Period (Atlantic Baptist U).
	virtualreligion.net /iho/macedon.html (559 words)

	China History Forum, chinese history forum > Chronology of Asian Maritime History
		C11th BCE: After collapse of the Shang dynasty, Chinese general You Houxi led 250,000 troops to the South Pacific and the Americas.
		C1st BCE: A blue glass bowl excavated in a Han tomb in Guangzhou is probably Roman, made on the southern shores of the Mediterranean in the C1st BCE.
		Arikamedu near Pondicherry in southeast India was a thriving port, peaking in 23-96 CE (the Roman trade between 30 and 50 CE), and a permanent base for western merchants known in Indian literature as yavana.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /lofiversion/index.php/t3182.html (15663 words)

	RES GESTAE part 4 :Mauryan Empire - The Guild (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic plains of modern Bihar and its capital city of Pataliputra (near modern Patna), the Empire was founded in 321 BCE by Chandragupta Maurya, who had overthrown the Nanda Dynasty and began expanding his power across central and western India.
		However, the prospect of battling Magadha in a major war was one of the factors that caused the refusal of his troops to go further east, Alexander returned to Babylon, and redeployed most of his troops west of the Indus.
		Chandragupta's great grandson Ashokavardhan Maurya, better known as Ashoka (273- 232 BCE), is considered by contemporary historians as perhaps the greatest of Indian monarchs, and certainly one of the greatest throughout the world.
	forums.totalwar.org /vb/showthread.php?t=62515 (2120 words)

	Leochares (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Leochares - (active 250-340 BCE) was a Fourth century BCE Greek sculptor, probably an Athenian, who worked on them Mausoleum of Halicarnassos designed in Asia Minor, (present day Turkey) under the supervision of the great fourth century Greek sculptor, Scopas.
		He is known to have made portraits, including a gold and ivory group of Philip, Alexander, and others, for Olympia.
		His Lion Hunt of Alexander was made with Lysippos after 321 BCE.
	www.angelo.edu /faculty/rprestia/1301/definitions/leochares.htm (110 words)

	history chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		2900 BCE ------------------------- Crete is settled by emigrants from Caytal Huyuk (A.Minor)
		1800 BCE ------------------------- Patriarchal Invaders (the Hiksos) Conquer Egypt
		1200 BCE ------------------------ Dorians invade Greece and settle in the Peloponnesus
	www.edzone.net /~sjudd/history.chronology.htm (1098 words)

	21ma.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		From around 550 BCE, many independent kingdoms and republics known as the Mahajanapadas were established across the country laying the foundations of ancient India.
		From 180 BCE, a series of invasions from Central Asia into the north-western Indian Subcontinent followed, including the Indo-Greeks, Indo-Scythians, Indo-Parthians and the Kushans.
		From the third century CE, the Gupta dynasty oversaw the period referred to as ancient India's "Golden Age." While the north had larger, fewer kingdoms, in the south there were several dynasties such as the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Hoysalas, Cheras, Cholas, Pallavas and Pandyas in different times and regions.
	www.21ma.com /mod3.php?title=India (4255 words)

	Ptolemy-Jerusalem through Coins
		After the death of Alexander In 323 BCE, Ptolemy, one of Alexander's generals was appointed Satrap of Egypt.
		In 321 BCE, Seleukos I was allotted the Satrapy of Babylon.
		Seleukos I solidified his rule in Syria in 312 BCE and controlled most of Alexander's empire while Ptolemy ruled Jerusalem, Judaea and Egypt.
	members.verizon.net /vze3xycv/Jerusalem/confPotlSelu.htm (621 words)

	notes1
		Division of Israel (922 BCE)- Hebrews living in the northern section of the Kingdom resented the heavy taxes of Solomon and revolted in 922.
		The first small Chinese cities developed around 2,000 BCE when dams and dikes were built to control the flooding of the Yellow River (Huang He).
		The Zhou, and all later dynasties, argued that a ruler was essentially divinely selected to rule and that the common folk should obey the ruler as long as he governed efficiently and fairly.
	users.gloryroad.net /~cmonte/WHnotes1.html (4218 words)

	outline 9 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Age of the Successors: A Question of Legitimacy
		Antigonus the One-Eyed (382-301 BCE, of the "older" generation)
		After the Death of Antipater in 319 BCE
	www.utexas.edu /courses/macedonia/outline_9.htm (115 words)

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