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Topic: 3300 BCE

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	Indus Valley Civilization - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Around 1800 BCE, signs of a gradual decline began to emerge, and by around 1700 BCE, most of the cities were abandoned.
		1000-900 BCE, and was partially contemporaneous with the Painted Grey Ware and perhaps early NBP cultures.
		Certain scholars propose that this was a major river during the third and fourth millennia BCE, and suggest that it may have been the Sarasvati River of the Rigveda.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Indus_Valley_Civilization (4480 words)

	Mehrgarh - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Mehrgarh is sometimes cited as the earliest known farming settlement in South Asia, based on archaeological excavations from 1974 (Jarrige et al).
		Mehrgarh Period I 7000 - 5500 BCE, was neolithic and aceramic (i.e., without the use of pottery).
		The earliest farming in the area was developed by semi-nomadic people using plants such as wheat and barley and animals such as sheep, goat and cattle.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Mehrgarh (668 words)

	Maurya Empire information - Search.com
		However, the prospect of battling Magadha in a major war was one of the factors that caused the refusal of his troops to go further east, Alexander returned to Babylon, and redeployed most of his troops west of the Indus.
		He was assassinated in 185 BCE during a military parade by the commander-in-chief of his guard, the Brahmin general Pusyamitra Sunga, who then took over the throne and established the Sunga dynasty.
		The assassination of Brhadrata and the rise of the Sunga empire led to a wave of persecution for Buddhists, and a resurgence of Hinduism.
	www.search.com /reference/Maurya_Empire (3222 words)

	Science Timeline
		In the second millenium bce, in the Rig-Veda it was maintained the Earth was a globe and in the Yajur-Veda that the Earth circled the Sun.
		About 510 bce, Almaeon of Crotona, a member of the Pythagorean medical circle, located the seat of perception in the brain, or enkephalos, and maintained that there were passages connecting the senses to the brain, a position he was said to have arrived at by dissections of the optic nerve.
		By about 335 bce, Aristotle had said that universals are abstractions from particulars and that we "have knowledge of a scientific fact when we can prove that it could not be otherwise." But "since observation never shows whether this is the case," he established "reason rather observation at the center of scientific effort" (Park 1990:32).
	www.sciencetimeline.net /prehistory.htm (6591 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Elamite
		From as early as the 8th millenium BCE, clay tokens of different shapes were used to represent commodities such as grain, livestock, alcohol, and manufactured goods for economic record-keeping and transactions.
		And like the rest of Mesopotamia, by the late 4th millenium BCE clay tokens were being stored inside bullae, oblong or spherical clay envelopes stamped with seal impressions, which most likely indicated the owners or contents of the tokens inside the envelopes.
		Only starting from the 13th century BCE onward did the Elamite language reappear in the archaeological record, but at this point in time the Elamite had borrowed and adapted the cuneiform script to write their language.
	www.ancientscripts.com /elamite.html (1005 words)

	Europe before 1000 BCE
		It was preceded by agriculture and the raising of animals, which appeared in sunny Greece as early as 6000 BCE - around the time that people there built stone walls around their villages, presumably to protect themselves from wild animals and marauding outsiders.
		By 4000 BCE, Europeans were using a wooden plow, and, sometime after 4000, farming spread to people around the Vistula River and into Scandinavia, while in Finland those people to be known as Finns hunted seals and bred pigs.
		By around 2000 BCE the Bell Beakers had traveled as far as what is now Czech Republic in central Europe, as far as Corsica, Sicily and North Africa, and they had entered Britain as far north as what is now Scotland.
	www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch07.htm (1502 words)

	[No title]
		By the end of the sixth century, philosophers begin to question the metaphysical nature of the cosmos with inquiries into the nature of being, the meaning of truth, and the relationship between the divine and the physical world.
		Born in 480 BCE, he is the last of the tragic dramatists.
		342-270 BCE) and Zeno, the Stoic (not to be confused with Zeno of Elea), believe in an individualistic and materialistic philosophy.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/grpage.htm (1812 words)

	Ancient Iraq (1992) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The fall of the Kassite dynasty in 1157 BCE precipitated by military defeat at the hands of the Elamites marks another turning point in history.
		When Adad-nirâri II (911-891 BCE) took the reigns in Assur, Assyria was nearing economic collapse and was saved from complete destruction only owing to the disunity among its enemies.
		The short reign of the Chaldeans (626-539 BCE), however, included the rule of Nebuchadrezzar II (604-562) and saw a return to the former splendor and glory that was Babylon, still evident a century after the eclipse of the dynasty when Herodotus (may have) visited the city.
	www.gotterdammerung.org /books/reviews/a/ancient-iraq.html (1459 words)

	History of Dharma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These documents are a triumph of the Hindu thought demonstrating the dynamism of the tenets of Dharma and the ability of the Hindu to adapt in the face of external influences and internal compulsions.
		These cultures could be viewed as palaeo-lithic/neolithic precursors of the civilization, defined in terms of literacy and organized urban settlements, which blossomed from the foundations of the village cultures and which emerged on the Sarasvati and Sindhu River Basins ca.
		Another extraordinary perception of divinity is noted by archaeological discoveries of terracotta images of women with extraordinary head-dresses (some with hollow oil-lamps held on either side of the head-dress, apparenty used with wicks to light an eternal flame, in a recess on the wall – as a pu_ja_ space).
	www.hindunet.org /saraswati/dharma/history1.htm (2271 words)

	Israel - Crystalinks
		In 1600 BCE, Egypt was conquered by tribes, apparently Semitic, known as the Hyksos by the Egyptians.
		The Hebrews migrated into Canaan circa 1200 BCE, a time when the great powers of the region were neutralized by troubles of various kinds.
		In 922 BCE, the Kingdom of Israel was divided.
	www.crystalinks.com /israel.html (3004 words)

	EAWC: The Complete Chronology
		Most begin their political histories as monarchies, evolve to oligarchies, are overthrown during the age of the tyrants (650-500 BCE) and eventually establish democracies in the sixth and fifth centuries.
		He is condemned to death in 399 BCE on the charges of corrupting the youth and introducing new gods into Greek thought.
		Both Epicurus (342-270 BCE) and Zeno, the Stoic (not to be confused with Zeno of Elea), believe in an individualistic and materialistic philosophy.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/index2.htm (6231 words)

	africanfront.com (AUF)
		The remainder of the sea is trapped ni the depression, by basalt volcanic dykes, and gradually the water evaporates leaving massive salt flats, salt lakes and salt mines.
		1518 BCE Moses (of the Bible) is born at Memphis Egypt and is adopted by princess Neferubity Thutmosis (sister to Hatshepsut and Thutmosis II).
		327 BCE At Makaranda in Samarkand, Persia, during a drunken rage Alexander murders Cleitus Niger, the African King of Bactria, foster brother of Alexander and commander of the "royal squadron" of the Greek/Macedonian armies under Phillip and Alexander.
	www.africanfront.com /calendar.php (7820 words)

	Harappa
		The city existed from about 3300 BCE [1] until 1600 BCE [2].
		The town was believed to have as many as 40,000 residents, large for a city of its time.
		The termination of the Harappan tradition at Harappa falls between 1900 and 1500 BCE.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Harappa (302 words)

	Canaan & Ancient Israel @ University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In addition to the change in technology, the evolution from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age was distinguished by widespread social changes, similar to those accompanying the invention of the printing press or the end of World War II.
		The abbreviations BCE and CE used throughout this website stand for "Before the Common Era" and "Common Era" respectively.
		Dr. Linda Bregstein and Dr. Bruce Routledge, co-curators of the "Canaan and Ancient" exhibit at the Museum, examine a pottery vessel in one of the Museum's storerooms.
	www.museum.upenn.edu /Canaan/Chronology.shtml (241 words)

	11. Intro Sumerian Kinglist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		In 1800 AD very little more was known than in 400 BCE about the earliest history of Mesopotamia, although these sources had served to stir the imagination of poets and artists, down to "Sardanapalus" (probably Ashurbanipal, or, as he was known to the Greeks, Sardanapalus, reigned from 668 to 626 BCE.).
		The Early Dynastic period ran from 2900 BCE to 2370 BCE and it is this period for which we begin to have more reliable written accounts although some of the great kings of this era later evolved mythic tales about them and were deified.
		Around 2500 BCE: King Lugalanemundu of Adab extends Sumer to cover the area from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea, bordering the Taurus mountains in the north, and the Zagros mountains in the east.
	www.earth-history.com /Earth-11.htm (9912 words)

	Medieval Clothing: A Primer
		The traditions among shoemakers and historians have held that until relatively recently, shoes were probably just bag-like wrappings of fur or skins in the colder regions and that they remained like that until relatively recently.
		In Sumer, by about 2600 BCE, Accadians were shown in art with upturned pointed shoes, and a pompom on the toe of the Hero who killed the most dangerous of creatures
		These may have been assembled in a manner known as "stitchdown" construction in which the outer seam (in this case of hide lacing) is stacked and forms an outer seam along the edge.
	www.mercwars.com /shoes.shtml (4580 words)

	Ancient Scripts: Sumerian
		Moreover, instead of repeating the same picture over and over again to represent multiple objects of the same type, they used diferent kinds of small marks to "count" the number of objects, thus adding a system for enumerating objects to their incipient system of symbols.
		But starting after 3000 BCE these strokes started to evolve into wedges, thus changing the visual style of the signs from linear to "cuneiform".
		As the Sumerian language had a high number of monosyllabic words, there was a high degree of homophony, meaning that there is a large number of words that sound alike or identical.
	www.ancientscripts.com /sumerian.html (1252 words)

	Bronze Age
		The date of the arrival of a Bronze Age varies from culture to culture.
		\nThe Bronze Age in the Near East is considered as beginning around 3300 BCE with the increasing use of bronze and the rise of complex urban civilisation (to varying degrees and in varying forms) in the main cultural centres of the region, Egypt and Mesopotamia.
		The end of the Bronze Age in the Near East is normally associated with the disturbances created by large population movements in the period 1200 - 1100 BCE and the rise of new technologies and political formations, characterised as the start of the Iron Age.
	encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/b/br/bronze_age.html (1268 words)

	Center for Archaeoastronomy: A&E News Archive
		The language and syntax of the Ugaritic tablets are similar to the Bible, and mythological motifs of the Ugaritic texts reflect motifs of biblical and extra-biblical texts.
		Extra- biblical texts are used to study the development of Jewish astronomy and its calendar in the second half of the 1st millennium BCE.
		They were written in the 2nd century BCE, and described the heavens as they were perceived by the ancient Jews.
	www.wam.umd.edu /~tlaloc/archastro/ae24.html (695 words)

	V55.0501-Chronology
		Uruk) because you will have to know both the names and the dates when you refer to them in your written papers and exams.
		Dynasties I and II 3100 to 2700 BCE
		The chronologies above were created through a complex process which combines the determination of dates and the study of the context of objects.
	www.nyu.edu /classes/wright/Fall03/chron.htm (1240 words)

	Ancient History
		The village of Amri has been dated back to around 3600 to 3300 BCE and consisted to more than 160 communities.
		Built around 3000 BCE, Mohen-jo-daro was an agricultural city made up on a map of streets, with buildings of baked bricks and an advanced draining system.
		The civilization was sophisticated, having a language yet to be understood, buildings up to two stories high, a bath area with a layer of tar to prevent leakage, and large granaries.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /~agha20e/polit116/ancient.html (302 words)

	Ancient Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It was concentrated along the middle to lower reaches of the Nile River reaching its greatest extension during the second millennium BCE, which is referred to as the New Kingdom period.
		It began with the incipient unification of Nile Valley polities around 3500 BCE and is conventionally thought to have ended in 51 BCE when the early Roman Empire conquered and absorbed Ptolemaic Egypt as a province.
		Along the Nile, in the 10th millennium BCE, a grain-grinding culture using the earliest type of sickle blades had been replaced by another culture of hunters, fishers, and gathering peoples using stone tools.
	www.knowledgehunter.info /wiki/Ancient_Egypt (4407 words)

	Cuneiform
		Clay tablets containing numerical tallies and records began to occur in Sumeria around 3300 BCE, about the same time that large urban complexes began to appear.
		An Indo-European language, Hittite, adapted cuneiform (and joint cuneiform/hieroglyphic inscriptions led to the decipherment of Hittite hieroglyphics).
		Around 500 BCE in the mighty Persian empire of Darius, a new script using cuneiform writing was invented for the recording of Old Persian.
	www.unlv.edu /faculty/jmstitt/Eng480/Writing/Cuneiform.html (442 words)

	Appendix C: Part 1 - Timeline of Events, 753 BCE - 1687 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		3300 BCE - The Sumerian city-states are formed, and cuneiform writing is invented.
		1269 BCE - The Treaty of Kadesh is concluded between the Hittites and the Egyptians.
		Note: Tradition states that Yohanan ben Zakkai is the founder of the Academy, and that he fakes his own death and is carried in a coffin, in order to escape from Jerusalem.
	www.agh-attorneys.com /3_camo_appendix_c0_.htm (7067 words)

	Harappa Excavations 1995-2001 Printable Captions and Index
		The surveying tripod is standing next to two Kot Diji phase kilns, and the rod is leaning against a later Harappa phase baked brick drain.
		2400-2200 BCE), while the remains of the long baked brick wall (Wall 50) and later wall fragments (including Features 10-21) date to Period 3C (ca.
		The bricks from the eastern part of the drain were robbed by tunneling into the sediment along the line of the drain from the East.
	www.harappa.com /indus5/print_version.html (4062 words)

	SATAN the Devil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Other writings which came from ancient text are also found in the Old Testament, such as the Noah's Ark story in Genesis, in which a boat was used to escape the destruction of a great, mighty flood.
		The birth story of Moses, The Ten Commandment laws and other such text that is found in the Old Testament had originally come from the writings of the Sumerian text which date back to around 3300 BCE.
		For the Hebrew people, who are supposed to have taken such great care and reverence for their Sacred Scrolls (books), how is it that the oldest existing Judaic biblical text date only to the 1st century CE which was uncovered by the Dead Sea in Israel, known as the Dead Sea Scrolls.
	www.angelfire.com /pa3/holytestament/satan.html (2298 words)

	The D'Agostino Chronology
		5:15 Mahalalel 65 at the birth of Jared 65 3714 BCE Gen 5:18 Jared 162 at the birth of Enoch 162 3552 BCE Gen.
		5:21 Enoch 65 at the birth of Methuselah 65 3487 BCE Gen.
		5:25 Methusaleh 187 at the birth of Lamech 187 3300 BCE Gen.
	members.tripod.com /~toncxjo/chronos.html (1574 words)

	Articles - India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Stone Age rock shelters with paintings at Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh are the earliest known traces of human life in present-day India.
		This led to the establishment of the Indo-Greek, Indo-Scythian and Indo-Parthian kingdoms in the northern Indian Subcontinent, and finally the Kushan Empire.
		From the third century BCE, the Gupta dynasty oversaw the period referred to as ancient India´s "Golden Age".
	www.zdiamond.net /articles/India (654 words)

	Questing Spirit: Timelines
		650 BCE - Rise of the tyrants and reforms of Lycurgus in Sparta
		510 BCE - Hippias, the son of Peisistratus, succeeds his father and is overthrown by a group of nobles with the help of Sparta.
		485 BCE - Accompanying the high point of democracy in Athens is a Greek intellectual revolution, with its beginnings in Sophism.
	www.angelfire.com /stars3/ashtah/timeline.html (809 words)

	Shangri-La Indus Harappan Script and Ancient Chinese Jia-Gu-wen 甲骨文 Comparison by Sheldon Lee ...
		While not divine, this invention occurred in mythological times, and served as a communication tool between heaven (realm of gods and ancestors) and earth (realm of humans), as demonstrated by the inscribed oracle bones, carved tortoise shells or ox scapulas (shoulder blade), used for divination during the earliest historic times.
		The script primarily is found on carved seals, dating to a civilization that flourished from ca 2500 BCE to 1500 BCE, just 23 years before the beginning of the Chinese Shang Dynasty, and contemporary with the earliest phases of writing in China.
		These particular symbols made on the bottom of terra cotta vessels prior to firing were probably made by potters during the Kot Dijian Period in order to identify their own vessels or ones being made for specific customers.
	shangri-la.0catch.com /hp/indus.html (4277 words)

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