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	Legalism
		645 BCE), prime minister of the state of Ch'i, whose teachings are supposed to be represented by the Kuan-tzu.
		Shang Yang was particularly important for the development of legalism since it was he who served as governor of the state of Ch'in and strengthened it to the extent that it was able to unify China in the following century.
		In 207 BCE the Ch'in dynasty was overthrown and replaced by the Han dynasty, which favoured Confucianism.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/china/legal.html (568 words)

	[No title]
		By the end of the sixth century, philosophers begin to question the metaphysical nature of the cosmos with inquiries into the nature of being, the meaning of truth, and the relationship between the divine and the physical world.
		Born in 480 BCE, he is the last of the tragic dramatists.
		338 BCE: Greece - Philip of Macedon, Alexander the Great's father, conquers Greece and is succeeded by his son two years later.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/grpage.htm (1812 words)

	Mediterannean History \| History,facts,pictures,and maps
		Most begin their political histories as monarchies, evolve to oligarchies, are overthrown during the age of the tyrants (650-500 BCE) and eventually establish democracies in the sixth and fifth centuries.
		He is condemned to death in 399 BCE on the charges of corrupting the youth and introducing new gods into Greek thought.
		Both Epicurus (342-270 BCE) and Zeno, the Stoic (not to be confused with Zeno of Elea), believe in an individualistic and materialistic philosophy.
	www.freewebs.com /exc2/historyofgreece.htm (2077 words)

	Athenian Democracy: a brief overview
		BCE, Philip’s army defeated the allied forces of Athens and Thebes in a battle at Chaeronea.
		On the one hand, they were more-or-less entirely free from foreign interference in their domestic affairs; on the other hand, there was a powerful body of Macedonian soldiers under the command of Antipater waiting in northern Greece to put down any effort at resisting Macedonian will.
		The Athenians turned on any of their fellow citizens who had spoken in favor of cooperating with Macedonia—the orator Demades, who had passed a motion in the Assembly to award divine honors to Alexander, was fined ten talents, and Aristotle, who had been tutor to the young Alexander himself, wisely moved out of Athens.
	www.stoa.org /projects/demos/article_democracy_overview?page=10&greekEncoding=UnicodeC (684 words)

	History of Iran: Achaemenid Empire
		y 546 BCE, Cyrus had defeated Croesus, the Lydian king of fabled wealth, and had secured control of the Aegean coast of Asia Minor, Armenia, and the Greek colonies along the Levant.
		It was Cyrus and Darius who, by sound and farsighted administrative planning, brilliant military maneuvering, and a humanistic worldview, established the greatness of the Achaemenids and in less than thirty years raised them from an obscure tribe to a world power.
		By the time his successor, Artaxerxes I, died in 424 BCE, the imperial court was beset by factionalism among the lateral family branches, a condition that persisted until the death in 330 of the last of the Achaemenids, Darius III, at the hands of his own subjects.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/achaemenids/achaemenids.php (772 words)

	Notes
		In 371 bce, shortly after Sparta and Athens had concluded a peace, the long-brewing conflict between Sparta and Thebes came to a head in the battle of Leuctra, which resulted in a stunning defeat for Sparta and the assumption by Thebes of Greek hegemony.
		Apollodorus' reference to the second encompasses the period from 378 to 371 bce, when Athens was allied with Thebes against Sparta; in 371 bce the Athenians and Spartans concluded a peace treaty (the Peace of Callias).
		The Odeum of Pericles, built in the middle of the fifth century bce, was adjacent to the theater of Dionysus on the south slope of the acropolis.
	mkatz.web.wesleyan.edu /10.neaira/neaira_notes.htm (2728 words)

	Ka'ba-i Zartosht - The "Cube of Zoroaster" - Crystalinks
		The Ka'ba-i Zartosht meaning the "Cube of Zoroaster", is a 5th century BCE Achaemenid-era edifice at Naqsh-e Rustam, an archaeological site just northwest of Persepolis, Iran.
		The structure, which is a copy of a sister building at Pasargadae, was built either by Darius I (r.
		In Frye's opinion the intention was the same [as that of its sister building], that is, to build a safety box for the paraphernalia of rule in the vicinity of Persepolis as had been done at Pasargadae.
	www.crystalinks.com /cube_zoroaster.html (588 words)

	Arses
		(?-336 BCE) King of Persia 338-336 BCE, belonging to the Achaemenid dynasty.
		Arses was placed on the throne after the vizier and head eunuch Bagoas had murdered older members of the king's family.
		Arses' reign was dominated by the destructive conflict with Macedonia, which under his successor, Darius 3, would lead to the demise of the Achaemenid dynasty.
	i-cias.com /e.o/arses.htm (172 words)

	Mediterranean City, Dialogue among Cultures, Athens, Greece
		The city arranged peace with Persia in 449 BCE and with its chief rival, Sparta, in 445 BCE, but warfare with smaller Greek cities continued.
		During the time of Pericles (443-429 BCE) Athens reached the height of its cultural and imperial achievement; Socrates and the dramatists Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides were active.
		It finally ended in 404 BCE with Athens completely humbled, its population cut in half, and its fleet reduced to a dozen ships.
	www.bibalex.org /Medcity/Athens.htm (857 words)

	pelo
		Between 500 - 338 BCE, the region of Hellas was engaged in several violent conflicts; for decades the Greeks fought to resist outside invasion, and then immediately turned around and fought each other.
		By the mid 5th century BCE, Persia had already conquered a number of Greek poleis in Asia Minor in the region of Ionia.
		Hellas, by the 300's BCE was severely weakened by war and its destructive effects.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist151/pelo.htm (1329 words)

	Archeologist: King Herod's tomb desecrated, but discovery 'high point' - Haaretz - Israel News
		Professor Ehud Netzer of the university's Institute of Archaeology told reporters Tuesday that the tomb was discovered when a team of researchers found pieces of a limestone sarcophagus believed to belong to the ancient king.
		Herod, whose father and grandfather converted to Judaism, was appointed governor of Galilee at the age of 25 and was made "King of the Jews" by the Roman senate in approximately 40 BCE.
		In the year 43 BCE, when Herod was still governor of the Galilee, he was forced to flee Jerusalem along with his family after his enemies the Parthians laid siege to the city.
	www.haaretz.com /hasen/spages/856784.html (1001 words)

	Athens
		Athens lost its independence as a free-standing city-state in 338 BCE, when Philip of Macedonia took advantage of the political disunity in Greece and established control over the region.
		Since all share in the divine logos, all men are brothers, and should actively participate in the affairs of the world to fulfill their duty to the human community.
		The Epicureans, followers of Epicurus (342-270 BCE), were not pleasure seeking hedonists, but led rather austere lives, withdrawn from worldly affairs to cultivate simple pleasures in the company of friends.
	www.abrock.com /Greece-Turkey/athens.html (1536 words)

	Redating the Building of the 'Second' Temple by Diana Edelman
		The temple in Jerusalem was destroyed in 586 BCE by the Neo-Babylonians, who made Judah into the province of Yehud, and it was not rebuilt until sometime after the Persians conquered the Babylonians and became the new masters of the ancient Levant (538-333 BCE).
		This situation would be consistent with the claim in the book of Nehemiah that Sanballat/Sinuballit was active during Nehemiah’s assignment to Jerusalem, where the latter oversaw the rebuilding of the city walls and the repopulation of the city between years 20 and 21 of a King Artaxerxes.
		Thus, it seems that the rebuilding of the temple needs to be shifted later, since the rebuilding of the city walls seems to be correctly located under Artaxerxes, assuming that the reported conflicts between Sanballat and Nehemiah are grounded on knowledge that these two men were in office contemporaneously (chapter 1).
	www.bibleinterp.com /articles/Edelman_Redating_Second_Temple.htm (2183 words)

	Greek Architecture
		550-530 BCE, "Basilica" Temple of Hera I, Paestum
		447-438 BCE, Temple of Hephaistos, by Kallikrates, Athens
		438-432 BCE, The Parthenon, by Iktinos & Kallikrates, Athens, Acropolis
	www.oberlin.edu /staff/jromano/ARCH/grarch.html (447 words)

	Chinese Philosophies of Political Administration
		Shén Pu-hai: A successful adminstrator in the Han Kingdom from 337 BCE until his death in 322 BCE.
		Shen Tao: A fourth century BCE Taoist from the Kingdom of Chao.
		Shang Yang died in 338 BCE when a new prince whom Shang Yang had offended rose to power.
	www.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/chinpoliadmin.htm (652 words)

	[No title]
		Originally, these beaks were taken from the ships captured in a battle off Antium in 338 BCE, and later replaced and supplemented by beaks from Carthaginian ships in 260 BCE.
		Eventually, the real beaks were also replaced by beaks made especially to be decorative features of this monument.
		The Rostra was an extremely important public location and was often used as a short-hand symbol of political authority, as in this coin of 18 BCE, showing Augustus and Agrippa seated on the Rostra (more information on the Rostra).
	www.vroma.org:7878 /1452 (352 words)

	Artaxerxes 3
		(?-338 BCE) King of Persia 358-338 BCE, belonging to the Achaemenid dynasty.
		BCE: Born as son of King Artaxerxes 2.
		338: Is together with his oldest sons killed by vizier and head eunuch Bagoas, the vizier and the king's former favourite.
	lexicorient.com /e.o/artaxerxes3.htm (296 words)

	Chinese Philosophies of Political Administration
		Shén Pu-hai: A successful adminstrator in the Han Kingdom from 337 BCE until his death in 322 BCE.
		Shen Tao: A fourth century BCE Taoist from the Kingdom of Chao.
		Shang Yang died in 338 BCE when a new prince whom Shang Yang had offended rose to power.
	www2.sjsu.edu /faculty/watkins/chinpoliadmin.htm (652 words)

	Livius Picture Archive: the battle of Chaeronea (338 BCE)
		The plain of Chaeronea and, in the background, Mount Parnassus.
		At this site king Philip II of Macedonia overcame the last Greek resistance against his rule (August 338).
		Philip was assassinated before he could join the Persian war; the conquest of Asia was left to Alexander.
	www.livius.org /a/battlefields/chaeronea/chaeronea.html (337 words)

	The Modern Magazine for Persian Weddings, Cuisine, Culture & Community
		An alliance between Babylon and the Medes was formed by the betrothal of Cyaxares' granddaughter to Nabopolassar's son, Nebuchadrezzar II (605-562 BCE).
		In 612 BCE the attack on Nineveh was revisited, and the city fell in late August.
		Finally in 585 BCE, peace was established between Media and Lydia, with the Halys (Kizil) River declared as the natural border.
	www.persianmirror.com /culture/history/achaemenian.cfm (900 words)

	CTCWeb Glossary: L (labrys to Lysistrata)
		a Roman law created in 215 BCE and cancelled in 195 BCE despite the influence of Cato the Elder; this law limited how much gold women could have, forbade women from wearing dresses of too many colors and driving in a horse-drawn vehicle too close to the City unless for a religious rite.
		a law ratified in 494 BCE after the first plebeian secession; it stated that the tribunes were sacred and made the plebeians a group united against the patricians.
		Roman laws passed in 449 BCE that protected and gave rights to the tribunes of the plebs.
	ablemedia.com /ctcweb/glossary/glossaryl.html (1541 words)

	Central Greece (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Alkinous was allegedly king of the Phaeaces during the Trojan War; his daughter Nausicaa is the Princess recorded in the Odyssey as finding a shipwrecked Odysseus cast up on the shore of her father's Kingdom during his homeward trek.
		to the League of Boeotea till 245 BCE and thence to Macedonia.
		Ab.1100 BCE occupation by the tribe of Boeotians.
	www.hostkingdom.net /soubalk3.html (1582 words)

	alex
		By 338 BCE, Philip of Macedon had conquered or neutralized the poleis of Hellas.
		His son, Alexander the Great was only twenty years old when he took the throne, but he already had experience in political leadership, and had led his own army.
		The era of Alexander was cut short when he died of a fever in Babylon in 323 BCE at the age of 33.
	www.hcc.hawaii.edu /distance/hist151/alex.htm (1735 words)

	Delphi - Andrea Roche
		BCE, and it has continuously been inhabited since then.
		century BCE, in the year 373 BCE there seemed to have been an earthquake and a flood at Delphi.
		From 356-346 BCE, the Phocians, allied with the Athenians and Spartans, occupied
	facweb.furman.edu /~jpitts/29-delphi.htm (1614 words)

	Delphi - Andrea Roche
		BCE, and it has continuously been inhabited since then.
		century BCE, in the year 373 BCE there seemed to have been an earthquake and a flood at Delphi.
		From 356-346 BCE, the Phocians, allied with the Athenians and Spartans, occupied
	alpha.furman.edu /~jpitts/29-delphi.htm (1614 words)

	Isocrates
		In his ninety-eighth year (338) he starved himself to death.
		Isocrates considered himself a teacher of philosophia but his concept of "philosophy" differed considerably from Plato's and resembled rather what we call "practical" or "applied philosophy" (as when philosophy professors today teach courses in "business ethics" or "contemporary moral issues"- usually abortion and the like).
		BCE that differed greatly from the already established and respected Platonic...
	www.isocrates.com (1392 words)

	Greek Drama
		Prometheus Bound (468 BCE?) by Aeschylus - Prometheus is punished by Zeus, but will not give in.
		Lysistrata (411) also Aristophanes - the Greeks are about to go to war, the women go on strike and withhold sex from the men to stop them.
		338 BCE - Philip of Macedon conquers Greece.
	www-personal.umich.edu /~jewestla/greek.html (332 words)

	Twentieth Century Atlas - 21st Century Predictions - American Empire
		The syndicated columnists liken the US to the Roman Empire at its decadent peak, the Rome of Russell Crowe, when the better comparison is to Rome at the end of the Second Punic War.
		After whipping the Carthaginians at the battle of Zama in 202 BCE, the days when enemies like Hannibal would threaten the homeland and march to the gates of the city had finally ended.
		Carthage, the only expanding rival in the Mediterranean world, had been knocked out of the fight and shorn of its empire, but it was mercifully left alive as a nation.
	users.erols.com /mwhite28/us_rome.htm (3455 words)

	RMMELUCH
		The lion at Chaironeia is most often identified as the grave monument of the The Theban Sacred Band when that famous undefeated cadre fell at the hand of young Alexander at the Battle of Chaironeia in 338 BCE.
		Among the finds was a lion colossus guarding a 5th Century BCE polyandrion.
		I've read that the lion at Chaironeia is a replica of the lion at Thespiai, but I've never seen it; Pausanias doesn't mention it in his travels; and I don't know where it is now.
	www.rmmeluch.com /alexander.htm (631 words)

	HI361F Alexander the Great
		Alexander: the young prince, the accession and the crossing to Asia: 338-334 BCE
		The "King of Asia," 331-324 BCE: Pursuit and death of Darius (part 2)
		Thesis/Annotated Bibliography review: be prepared to defend your thesis and elaborate on one piece of scholarship from your research; your scholarship may be drawn from this list:
	www.skidmore.edu /classics/courses/2003spring/hi361f/schedule.html (213 words)

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