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Topic: 347 BCE

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	Ancient philosophy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Philo of Alexandria (30 BCE - 45 CE)
		Indian philosophy begins with the Vedas where questions related to laws of nature, the origin of the universe and the place of man in it are asked.
		Patañjali (between 200 BCE and 400 CE), developed the philosophy of Raja Yoga in his Yoga Sutras.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ancient_philosophy (640 words)

	Intro to Modern Humanism, part 2: Ancient Precursors of Humanism
		BCE), known for his theory of atoms, said that all there is, is what we can know through our senses and that the world works naturally and without planning.
		Epicurus (341-270 BCE) taught that the meaning of life is the pursuit of happiness, with intellectual pleasures being preferable to sensual ones.
		BCE), Epicurus rejected the notion of an afterlife and believed that the elimination of fears related to gods, dying and the afterlife is essential to true happiness.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/humanism/79214/2 (410 words)

	Varronian chronology
		The year that corresponds to our 59 BCE was known to them as 'the year in which Caius Julius Caesar and Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus were consuls'.
		This was not a bad solution, because it is certain that there was at least one year in which the tribunes Licinius and Sextius forbade the election of magistrates.
		It also means that the treaty between Rome and Carthage, usually dated to Varronian year 348, was in fact concluded in 344/343 BCE, exactly at the moment when the Carthaginians are known to have intervened in a civil war on Syracuse and needed support in Italy.
	www.livius.org /cg-cm/chronology/varro.html (1589 words)

	Overview
		In the classical era, Rhetoric was a major cultural force—tied to governmental practice and the rise of textual literacy.
		Socrates (469-399 BCE) is against the Sophists because he believes that the only worthy goal of Rhetoric is to pursue absolute truth (allegory of the cave, realm of the forms).
		Aristotle (384-322 BCE) was a student of Plato’s, who went on to found his own school (one of his pupils was the ruler Alexander the Great) and to become one of the widest ranging and most important writers in the Western tradition.
	www.viterbo.edu /perspgs/faculty/WStobb/471spr04classical.htm (1364 words)

	Aristotle's Unmoved Mover
		Aristotle was born in Stagira, a Greek colony in Macedonia in 384 BCE and died in 322 BCE.
		Upon the death of Plato in 347 BCE, Aristotle had hopes of being named as Plato's replacement as the director of the Academy, but was disappointed in this.
		In 343 BCE, he accepted the invitation of Philip, King of Macedonia, to become the personal tutor to his son, Alexander, who would later become known as Alexander the Great.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/GrPhil/PhilRel/Aristotle.htm (5629 words)

	The Last Days of Socrates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		His mother, Perictione, was a descendent of Solon, and his father, Ariston, was from a long lineage of the old kings of Athens (which was said to have originated with the Poseidon, the god of the seas).
		In 387 BCE he returned to Athens and founded the Academy.
		Although he spent most of his years in Athens, he did journey to Syracuse in an unsuccessful attempt to implement some of his political views.
	socrates.clarke.edu /aplg0259.htm (235 words)

	Greek Notes
		From around 3000 BCE to 850 BCE kings descended from Zeus ruled the various tribes.
		476 BCE: Rhetoric was "invented" in Syracuse by Corax and imported to the Greek mainland by his student Tisias.
		Socrates (470-399 BCE) Attacked the sophists through the writing of his student Plato (427-347 BCE), whose dialogues used Socrates as the shrewdest and most eloquent participant.
	faculty.tamu-commerce.edu /bolin/eng333greek.html (356 words)

	The Thirteenth Floor
		Plato was probably born in 427 BCE, and died around 347 BCE, aged about 80.
		Among his close relatives were Critias and Charmides, famed for their infamous participation in the government of the Thirty Tyrants in 404 BCE.
		One of the most important events in his life was no doubt his encounter, sometime in his youth, with Socrates, of which he became a "follower" until Socrates' trial and death in 399 BCE.
	hammer.prohosting.com /~ourminds/people/plato.html (480 words)

	[No title]
		He created a school around 520 BCE in Croton (southern Italy) that emphasized communal living, gender equality, vegetarianism, mystery initiations, Orphic poetry, harmonics, music therapy, the monochord, geometry, arithmetic, and cosmology.
		Harmony: ideas and souls are related by sympathy, resonance, or musical ratio.\ We may recognize the Pythagorean theory of reincarnation as derived from the Egyptian.
		Around 390 BCE, Plato had visited Western Greece (Southern Italy and Sicily), encountered Pythagorean communities, met Archytas of Tarentum, the great Pythagorean, and adopted Pythagoreanism as a second influence.
	www.ralph-abraham.org /talks/dusseldorf/2-plato.rtf (927 words)

	Plato: Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		When Athens lost her last battle of the Peloponnesian War in 405 BC, and thus was at the mercy of her enemies, some of Sparta's allies demanded that they do to Athens what Athens had done to others: kill the male population, sell women and children into slavery, and raze the city to the ground.
		Sparta refused to do that, but in 404 BCE they installed "the Thirty," the junta of oligarch dictators who did their best to undo the effects of decades of democratic rule.
		But the oligarchic junta of 411 BCE was moderate in comparison with the terror that the oligarchic dictators unleashed when the Spartans installed them as rulers in 404 BCE.
	faculty.frostburg.edu /phil/forum/PlatoRep.htm (10900 words)

	Venus of Willendorf: 5. Earth Mother - Mother Goddess
		In the Theogony, written in the early 7th century BCE, the poet Hesiod named the "deep-breasted" Earth Gaea, "a firm seat of all things for ever," who, after emerging out of Chaos, brought forth "starry Ouranus" (the sky), Mountains, the sea, and, after having lain with Ouranus, a number of non-cosmological Titans.
		55 BCE) calls the earth Tellus and refers several times to her as Mother Earth or the Great Mother, stating that "she alone is called Great Mother of the gods [Magna deum Mater], and Mother of the wild beasts, and maker of our bodies" (II.597-599).
		The cult of the Great Mother [Magna Mater], later identified with the mother-goddess Cybele (and by the Greeks as Rhea), was established in Rome by the 3rd century BCE.
	witcombe.sbc.edu /willendorf/willendorfgoddess.html (770 words)

	Learning Architecture: 02
		Architecture has been recognized as one of the learned professions from the earliest times of recorded history, but its roots lie in the prehistoric agricultural revolution, which brought people together in villages, towns and cities and resulted in the rise of specialized occupations.
		This method of communication was soundly criticized by Socrates (470-399 BCE) for its ability to disguise the truth by avoiding discourse and cross-examination, as later recorded in writing by his student Plato (427-347 BCE) in the Dialogue with Phaedrus (Plato, 370 BCE).
		The earliest surviving treatise on architecture was written by the Roman architect and engineer Vitruvius (Marcus Vitruvius Pollio, 70-25 BCE), in which he set forth three guiding principles—strength, function, and beauty (or, in Sir Henry Wotton's translation, firmness, commodity and delight) (Wilson, 1992).
	home.comcast.net /~abstover/learning_arch/learning_arch_02.html (7188 words)

	Of Artichokes and Onions: Philosophy, Faith, and Science (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Anaximander (6th century BCE), Pythagoras (6th century BCE), the Atomists and later the Epicureans led the way in demythologizing Greek speculations about the origin and structure of the cosmos.
		In addition, Anaximander, the Atomists (e.g., Democritus, 460-370 BCE) and the Epicureans (e.g., Epicurus, 342-270 BCE) conceived historical or developmental models of the origin of the material world and life, models which were based not on acts of the gods but on the dynamic interactions of matter alone.
		By the time of the appearance of the Christian church, it was the philosophies of Plato (427-347 BCE) and Aristotle (384-322 BCE) which had come to dominate Western thought.
	www.science-spirit.org /article_detail.php?article_id=68 (1472 words)

	Archived Biography - Plato
		Plato was born around 427 BCE into a most influential family and, as he grew into manhood, he became deeply involved in the study of poetry.
		Plato wrote extensively during these years of exile, returning to to Athens in 387 BCE and soon thereafter establishing a school that was known as the Academy which developed into a much frequented institution of higher learning.
		Plato died around 347 BCE and was buried on the grounds of the Academy.
	home.att.net /~shadow-raven/Politics/Bios/Plato.htm (993 words)

	Outcyclopedia - Plato
		When Socrates was condemned to death by the Athenian court in 399 BCE, Plato joined other philosophers in exile in Megara.
		In 387 BCE he returned to Athens, where he founded the Academy, teaching philosophy, rhetoric and ethics, and encouraging research by his students in mathematics and science.
		In 367 and again in 361, Plato tried and failed in assisting his friend Dion in molding Dion's nephew, Dionysus II into a reasoned and lettered monarch under a constitutional monarchy.
	members.fortunecity.com /outcyclopedia/plato.html (483 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Greece
		The Acharnians 425 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
		The Frogs 405 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
		The Wasps 422 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook07.html (2613 words)

	Print Version - Crash Course in Jewish History #27 - The Greek Empire
		But, around 1100 BCE, the Mycenaeans were invaded by barbarians called Dorians and all their advances disappeared.
		The classical Greek period begins as early as 7th century BCE, though we tend to be more familiar with its history in the 5th century when Greece consists of a group of constantly warring city-states, the most famous being Athens and Sparta.
		They are strong enough to spurn the Persians despite fighting among themselves, but they succumb in the 4th century to Phillip II of Macedon, who paves way for his son, Alexander the Great, to spread the Greek civilization across the world.
	www.aish.com /SSI/articleToPrint.asp?PageURL=/literacy/jewishhistory/Crash_Course_in_Jewish_History_27_-_The_Greek_Empire.xml&torahportion= (2106 words)

	Ancient Greece (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Aristotle - Philosopher - (384 - 322 BCE)
		Epicurus - Philosopher - (341 - 270 BCE)
		Plato - Philosopher - (427 - 347 BCE)
	www.boundaryschools.com /perley/kencon/pages/ancientgreece.html (249 words)

	Plato, “Allegory of the Cave” (360 BCE)
		Some philosophers have embraced Plato’s ideas and opinions wholeheartedly and others have rejected them entirely, but every major philosopher in the Western tradition has, at some point, grappled with Plato and the body of ideas that he left behind.
		As a young man, Plato was a friend and admirer of Socrates (470-399 BCE), the Athenian “lover of knowledge,” (the literal translation of “philosopher”) who held it as his moral duty to question everything, and everyone, and to devote himself to the pursuit of truth.
		His execution in 399 BCE deeply affected Plato, whose Apology is the best account that we have of Socrates’ trial.
	webpages.shepherd.edu /maustin/plato.htm (507 words)

	Plato (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Plato was a student and follower of Socrates, who was put to death in 399 BCE.
		He himself founded his Academy, as the principal center of philosophical learning in the classical world, in 387, and it was to survive his death.
		In, after the novel was published, she transcribed her husband's translation of the Symposium, and it is to this work that she alludes in an interpolation in the 1831 text (see Letter 4.7 and
	www.english.upenn.edu /Projects/knarf/People/plato.html (140 words)

	Week 10 - Astrology
		Plato (429-347 BCE) - Platonic cosmology in the Timaeus
		Tiberius (42 BCE - 37 CE) - tales of a fearful tyrant
		And besides this, my son, you must know that there is yet another sort of work that the Decans do: they sow upon the earth the seeds of certain forces, some salutary and others most pernicious, which the many call daemons.
	www.brynmawr.edu /classics/redmonds/645w10.html (1674 words)

	Island of Freedom - Plato
		The concluding years of his life were spent lecturing at the Academy and writing.
		He died at about the age of 80 in Athens in 347 B.C. Plato wrote 26 dialogues on various philosophical themes, with Socrates as the main character in most of them.
		The exact ordering of the dialogues is not known, but they can be roughly assigned to three periods, the early, middle, and late.
	www.island-of-freedom.com /PLATO.HTM (1859 words)

	Important ideas from Ancient Greeks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-21)
		Heraclitus (ca 500 BCE)-- "One cannot step twice into the same river" Controlled change.
		Democritus (ca 400 BCE) There is only atoms and the void.
		Protagoras (ca 430 BCE) "Man is the measure of all things" One of the first sophists.
	www.acsu.buffalo.edu /~segal/421lect2.html (248 words)

	Narrative Psychology: Theorists and Key Figures A-B-D-C
		The philosopher Aristotle first came to Athens to study with Plato at the Academy when he was 17 years old (367 BCE).
		For the next three years Aristotle traveled until King Philip of Macedon called him in 344 BCE to serve as tutor to his 13-year-old son and heir, Alexander.
		In the course of his life, Aristotle experienced two prolonged periods of relatively undisturbed residence in Athens (367-347 and 339-323 BCE) as well as a possibly more intense five-year period under royal Macedonia patronage when he tutored the future king.
	web.lemoyne.edu /~hevern/nr-theorists-abcd.html (3921 words)

	Research
		My current research focuses on the Socratic works of Xenophon (c.
		430-360 BCE), the Athenian mercenary soldier and author.
		Socrates has always been among the most important figures in the Western tradition, and in the last generation or so has been the subject of much fine scholarship and lively scholarly debate.
	www.siu.edu /~dfll/classics/DMJ/Me/researchstatement.html (1333 words)

	Greek Philosophy
		585 BCE: Thales of Miletus begins the development of philosophy by speculating about the nature of the "cosmos."
		341-270 BCE: Epicurus begins the Epicurean school of philosophy
		* 335-263 BCE: Zeno of Citium begins the Stoic school of philosophy
	www.geneseo.edu /~harrison/humn1_html/phltimeline.html (39 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Plato (428 BCE)
		Plato (born in Athens about 427 BC, died about 347 BC) was an immensely influential classical Greek philosopher, student of Socrates and teacher of Aristotle.
		Socrates - the real Socrates - was tried and convicted by an Athenian jury on charges of "impiety" and the "corruption of youth" in 399 BCE, about five years after the end of the war we've been reading about in Thucydides.
		Plato's Republic was written perhaps 20 years later - there's some disagreement on the exact date.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=19 (13163 words)

	McGraw-Hill Ryerson - Higher Education
		Mencius (390-305 BCE) and Hsun-tzu (298-238 BCE*), THE MENCIUS and THE HSUN-TZU: "Is Human Nature Inherently Good or Evil?"
		Plato (427-347 BCE), CRITO: "Obedience to the State"
		Aristotle (384-322 BCE), POLITICS: "The Natural Basis of Society"
	www.mcgrawhill.ca /highereducation/php/bookinfo.php?isbn=0072878282 (1579 words)

	Timelines
		539 BCE) Repeals strict Draconian laws and brings constitution to Athens, taxation of prostitutes.
		215 BCE Lex oppia: first Roman sumptuary legislation
		123 BCE: Lex Sempronia: Caius Graccus, beginning of Roman grain distribution to poor citizens.
	www.unc.edu /memsgateway/html/timelines.html (941 words)

	Plato (427-347 BCE): Life, Works and Doctrines - ReligionFacts.com
		Plato (427-347 BCE): Life, Works and Doctrines - ReligionFacts.com
		He is especially noted for his excellent Dialogues, his founding of the famed Academy in Athens, andhis doctrine of the Forms.
		Plato was born in Athens to a noble family in 427 BCE.
	www.religionfacts.com /greek_religion/people/plato.htm (1132 words)

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