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Topic: 3600 BC

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	Climate, Culture, and Catastrophe in the Ancient World
		This was the beginning of the Younger Dryas, (10500 BC) a millenium in which the circulation system of the North Atlantic went into a kind of planetary fibrillation, the African monsoons migrated southward, drying the desert.
		BP (6000-3500 BC) at which time the temperature is warming culminating in an era warmer than present, when equatorial weather patterns may have reached farther north than at present, and the westerly storms of the north would have been confined to latitudes higher than at present.
		By 4500 BC the favorable climatic conditions and stabilized lower alluvial plains favoring territorial control and mound building (4500 BC) among native Amercan groups in the lower valleys.
	www.stanford.edu /~meehan/donnellyr/summary.html (1440 words)

	3000bc
		BP (6000-4000 BC) at which time the temperature is warming culminating in an era warmer than present, when equatorial weather patterns may have reached farther north than at present, and the westerly storms of the north would have been confined to latitudes higher than at present.
		At about 3500 BC the lower Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain was under extreme pressure from both rapidly rising sea and buildup of the Karun delta.
		The 3199 BC value is associated with an acidity peak in Camp Century ice cores dated at 3150 B,c demonstrating unquestionably that adverse weather conditions, probably due either to volcanic eruption or meteoric impact, occurred at this time.
	www.stanford.edu /~meehan/donnellyr/3000bc.html (5257 words)

	maltahistory
		C 5000 to C 3000 BC The first inhabitants of the islands of Malta are believed to have crossed over from Sicily.
		C 2000 to C 800 BC In the Bronze age, Malta probably experienced a cultural shift from the development of long established local cultures to what is believed to be the introduction of cultures by separate colonisations of Malta from elsewhere
		C 218 BC Romans launch an invasion of Malta from Marsala in Sicily, wrench control from the Carthagenians and establish the island as an Imperial Province.
	www.geocities.com /cikkuscicluna2000/maltahistory.html (940 words)

	A view of world events
		In 218 BC, after defeating 50,000 troops of the Qin Dynasty from China when they attacked AuLac in 218, AnDuongVuong moved the capital to the area 20 km North of what is now Hanoi and began the construction of CoLoa, the Great Spiral Citadel.
		In 206 BC, the kingdom of the Nam Viet dynasty extended from Vietnam to Canton.
		In 111 BC, the NamViet kingdom was invaded by the Han, was renamed GiaoChi and considered a province of China.
	solo.manuatele.net /farwest.htm (7572 words)

	Hierakonpolis Online
		It is the ceremonial enclosure of King Khasekhemwy, the father of the first pyramid builder, Djoser, and a great builder in his own right, who embellished his massive structure with the first known granite architectural elements carved in the formal and characteristic Egyptian style.
		3100 BC, a huge, deep cutting into the underlying bedrock, with a side chamber sealed with a portcullis stone as would later be the case in the pyramids.
		While the funerary enclosure was a palace for eternity, this building, ornamented with the same niched brick pattern, is the only known example of an early palace of the living.
	www.hierakonpolis.org /firsts.html (991 words)

	Mace Page 1
		Stone age maces were made as early as 8000 BC in some areas of the Near East but continued to be made much later.
		The earliest of the historic era maces are the disc maces of pre-Dynastic Egypt, Naqada I period circa 3900-3600 BC.
		Piriform (oval or pear shaped) mace heads appear in Egypt circa 3600 BC and were widely used through the Naqada II and III period, to roughly 3000 BC.
	otlichnik.tripod.com /medmace.html (1797 words)

	B.E.L.S. - english
		The Temple Period (4100 – 2500 BC) represents an important turning point in the cultural evolution of prehistoric man. The greatest undertaking of the pre-Phoenician Gozitans are undoubtedly Ġgantija Temples (3600 – 3000 BC).
		Around 550 BC the Phoenicians of Carthage took over and the Carthaginians, as they were better known, remained masters until 218 BC.
		At the beginning of the second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginians were ousted by the Romans (218 – AD 535).
	www.belsltd.com /gozo_history.html (605 words)

	History of Malta - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Malta has been inhabited since around 5200 BC and a significant pre-historic civilisation existed on the islands before the arrival of the Phoenicians who named the main island Malat, meaning safe haven.
		During the centuries that followed there is evidence of further contacts with other cultures, which left their influence on the local communities, evidenced by their pottery designs and colours.
		It has been suggested that these might have represented the head, arms and legs of a deity, since one of the commonest kinds of statue found in these temples is a fat woman — a symbol of fertility.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Malta (3396 words)

	TIMELINE 4th MILLENIUM B.C. page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE
		Stanford "3000 BC" notes 3500 BC: Mesopotamia; Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain At about 3500 BC the lower Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain was under extreme pressure from both rapidly rising sea and buildup of the Karun delta.
		Stanford "3000 BC" notes 3500 BC: Global; Holocene delta development worldwide The sequence of Holocene delta development worldwide is indicated as beginning at 6000 BC; by 3000 BC a transgressive sequence of deltaic deposits had developed as shown on the figure.
		Stanford "3000 BC" notes 3090 BC: Egypt; Egypt, Nile Earliest recorded flood recorded on a "Nilometer" in 3090 BC during the riegn of King Djer of the Early Dynastic period.
	www.magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline4KBC.html (6353 words)

	Untitled
		Corresponds to period of primarily nomadic hunting and gathering which preceded the adoption of domesticated plants and animals.
		Halaf - advanced Neolithic village culture of northern Mesopotamia, 5500 BC 'Ubaid - earliest settlement of southern Mesopotamia, 5300-3600 BC.
		Appearance of rammed-earth walls and palaces in northern China (2700-1700 BC).
	www.ku.edu /~hoopes/110-h5.htm (1345 words)

	Elven Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		5000 BC: The childhood of the elves is over; the forest spirits stop sheltering them, forcing them to leave paradise and to seek their own futures.
		3600 BC The Meditor following their clansman Calitha Starbrow's love of the sea, splinter from the Verdier and start wandering the coastlines and venturing further and further into the ocean's expanse.
		Over a period of four hundred years, the halflings are conquered and reconquered by orcs, dwarves, and bandits of different races; eventually they reclaim their land and establish Shaerdon, a strong nation of hin.
	pandius.com /elvntime.html (5156 words)

	TIMELINE 6th MILLENIUM B.C. page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE
		The 6th Millennium B.C., from 6000 to 5000 BC, was the Neolithic Period in which cattle were domesticated, many new food plants were cultivated, the earliest settlements of southern Mesopotamia were founded, wine was fermented, and (maybe) women ruled the cultures of the Middle East and beyond.
		In the west of Ukrania, a temple from 5000 B.C. was found with thirty-two female statues.
		By the end of the 4000 BC cities emerged and the first steps of the human civilization were made.
	www.magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline6KBC.html (2303 words)

	Santorini island in Cyclades in Greece historical info and modern community info and links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		In ancient time, Santorini, then called Strongili (means rounded in greek), was the victim of an enormous volcano eruption dating back to 1500 BC and what remained today are Thera, Therasia and Aspronisi.
		Around 825 BC, the Phoenician alphabet was imported on the island, in Milos and Crete and the Hellenic language was created.
		In 300-145 BC, during the Hellenistic Period, Thera, for its position in the Cyclades, became an important strategically placed naval base.
	www.almiyachts.com /Towns/cyclades/santorini/santorini.html (807 words)

	A timeline of the Ancient Middle-East
		3600 BC : Akkadians emigrate from Syria to southern Mesopotamia
		1787 BC : Hammurabi conquers the city-states of Uruk and Isin
		1200 BC : the Arameans migrate from Arabia to Syria (Harrans)
	www.scaruffi.com /politics/neareast.html (4175 words)

	TVM Entry Floor: Ancient Egyptian Artifacts -- Early Era (PreDynastic)
		c4000 BC The pre-dynastic period is broken into several parts depending on a regional and cultural basis, the Nagada culture is named after the place of the first archeological dig in Upper Egypt, which identified the culture.
		Sometime around 3500 BC three proto-kingdoms, or Confederacies, developed in Upper Egypt: around Thinis and Abydos, around Nubt (near modern Thebes), and around Abu (modern Elephantine), at the first cataract.
		Fine pottery was made in Egypt for thousands of years but soon after the early dynastic period began around 3,000 BC pottery made of clay began to be imported from other countries and local pottery was no longer produced.
	www.tigtail.org /TIG/L_View/TVM/E/Ancient/Egypt/Egypt-artifacts/egypt-1.1.0.pre-dynastic.html (998 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		The settlement with adjoining cemetery are dated pre-4000 to 3600 BC and has 16 occupation layers with many complete house-plans.
		Defined `corridor to Africa', Nubia was a crucial trading conduit from 4th millennium BC until Middle Ages.
		It appears on Ukrainian steppes in 3rd millennium BC, with fortified villages and burials in pits under barrows.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=yam (721 words)

	Scorpion King - History Forum
		We know that Naqada was founded by about 3600 BC, and that we already have the pictograph of the "red crown" at Naqada by 3500 BC.
		Hierakonpolis was founded by about 3400 BC, and thus there was at least 150 years of rivalry between the two proto-kingdoms.
		Thus probably by 3250 BC, Upper Egypt was the realm of Horus, ruling from Hierakonpolis.
	www.simaqianstudio.com /forum/index.php?showtopic=2871 (889 words)

	Untitled
		Early megalithic architecture is a replacement for wood in areas where large timbers become a precious commodity, being diverted to the construction of wheeled vehicles, palisaded enclosures, boats, increasingly large houses and perhaps firewood for copper and gold production.
		The development of the stone-build gallery-graves at the southwestern periphery of the TRB around 3400 BC may have been influenced by the TRB's grand-dolmen.
		It is difficult to argue for a connection between the gallery-graves of the Wartberg culture NE of the Rhein and the few chambers to the west of the river, including those in Belgium.
	www.comp-archaeology.org /SAA_1998_Roads.htm (5146 words)

	Harappan Civilization
		Later ceramic component (5000 BC) has wheat, cotton (probably first domesticated in Indus), brick structures and brick-lined burials; clay models of humans; copper (not widespread till after 4000 BC); conch shell from the Arabian Sea, and turquoise and lapis-lazuli (from Iran and Arghanistan).
		["Mounted Nomads of the Steppe" (Aryans) appar- ently arrive in late 2nd millenium B.C. with I-E language.] Potter's marks begin to be found on un- painted ceramic vessel bases 3600 BC and may con- tribute to development of later script.
		Phenomenal period of population growth from 2600 BC-2000 BC in Indus region resulting in 4-tiered settlement hierarchy with 4 true cities, including Mohenjo-Daro and Harrappa.
	www.wsu.edu /~tako/Week16.html (846 words)

	Information on Ggantija GOZO
		The megalithic temples of Ggantija near the village of Xaghra are an outstanding example of the prehistoric monuments to be found on the Maltese Islands.
		According to latest analysis they were built around 3600 BC, earlier than the first pyramid in Egypt (around 2800 BC) and Stonehenge in England (around 2400 BC).
		The outer walls of the temples are built with colossal horizontal and upright blocks, some of them a height of 7.
	www.holiday-malta.com /resort/gozo/visitgozo/places/ggantija/ggantija.htm (778 words)

	[No title]
		Though there probably existed a capital of sorts or a center for power; Nekhen, which has supplied some of the most important artifacts of the early dynastic days, it was at Abedjou that the first rulers of Kemet joined their forefathers on the so called Royal Burialground at Umm el-Qa´ab.But the story begins much earlier.
		If we make a great jump forward in time to ca 33.000 bc, we find that flint was mined from trenches ca 2 metres down into the ground south of Assiut.
		Evidence for human presence in the Nile valley is lacking between 11.000 and 8.000 bc but re-emerge at the end of this period.
	www.philae.nu /PerAnkh/PreDynAW.html (1934 words)

	About Malta
		The unique megalithic temples, which pre-date England's Stonehenge, were erected between 3600 BC and 2500 BC.
		The entry of the Carthaginians increased the Island's strategic importance and attracted the attention of Rome.
		In 218 BC Titus Sempronius Longus captured it for Rome, starting an occupation that lasted more than 700 years.
	www.e-i-b-s.com /webdesign/stefytours/pages/aboutmalta/malta_history.htm (302 words)

	sites1
		Early Bronze Age II (the beginning of the 3rd millennium Cal BC - abt mid 3rd millennium Cal BC) (abt 3000 Cal BC - abt 2500/2400 Cal BC)
		Early Bronze III (abt mid 3rd millennium Cal BC - and the end of the 3rd millennium Cal BC) (abt 2500/2400 Cal BC - abt 2000 Cal BC)
		Middle Bronze Age (abt the beginning of the 2nd millennium Cal BC - abt mid 2nd millennium Cal BC) (abt 2000/1900 Cal BC - abt 1500 Cal BC)
	www.iianthropology.org /sites1.html (822 words)

	Malta travel guide introduction - Time Out Travel
		They are the oldest stone-built structures in the world, constructed between 3600 and 2500 BC.
		The suburban town of Paola has the underground cemetery of Hypogeum, which dates back to 3600 BC – book at least a week ahead at Burial Street, Paola or online (2180 5019, www.heritagemalta.org, last tour 4pm).
		The rest of the sights are within Valletta, including the National Museum of Fine Arts (South Street, Valletta, 2122 5769), housed in the baroque palazzo Admiralty House, showcasing paintings by the 17th-century Italian artist Mattia Preti, along with Italian and Maltese works from the 15th century on.
	www.timeout.com /travel/malta/intro (436 words)

	Maadi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		It was named Maadi and had apparently been occupied from 3600 BC to 3000 BC.
		It is located on what used to be the Wadi el-Tih, an historical route to the copper mines of the Sinai Peninsula.
		There is also evidence of foreign house styles and pottery, domesticated donkeys, intricate storage facilities and an advanced copper industry. In 3600 BC, foreign trade goods started to reach Egypt having a great effect on the communities in Lower Egypt.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/archaeology/sites/africa/maadi.html (332 words)

	Mahadevan Interview: Text Only Version
		According to Parpola the collapse was due to a combination of several factors like over-exploitation of the environment, drastic changes in the river-courses, series of floods, water-logging and increased salinity of the irrigated lands.
		The Bactria-Margiana Archaeological Complex (BMAC) had two distinct cultural periods, the first between 1900 and 1700 BC and the second between 1700 and 1500 BC.
		According to him these early 'Indian Dasas' are likely to have become the ruling elite in the Late Harappan cultures: the Cemetery-H culture of the Punjab, the Jhukar culture of Sind, and the Ochre Coloured Pottery culture of the Ganga-Yamuna Doab.
	www.harappa.com /script/maha15.html (5363 words)

	Events - Peacescapes
		The Megalithic temple sites were erected about 3600 BC, which makes these the oldest stone temple sites in the world.
		The Egyptian pyramids did not appear until 2500 BC and Stonehenge was erected around 2300 BC.
		About 2500 BC traces of the temple construction stops with no further sign of population with a 500 year gap before new inhabitants arrived.
	www.peacescapes.net /Events.html (701 words)

	Michael Ward - Classics 110
		Ubaid period 5000 - 3600 BC - society, economy
		Minoans 2000 - 1200 BC - at the mercy of archaeology
		The 4th century BC, the rise of Macedon under Philip
	www.compusmart.ab.ca /mward/gmc/clas110_study_guide.html (277 words)

	Expeditions - TourAsia - Travel Agency
		The road goes via 3 mountain passes up to 3600 m high.
		Accommodation at 3600 m in tents (in BC)
		Meals (2 breakfasts in the hotels, lunches in transfers Osh - Achiktash - Osh, full board in BC at 3600 m and in ABC at 4200 m)
	www.tourasia.kz /expeditions/lenin.htm (346 words)

	[No title]
		3650 BC: Worker to SW of Karakorum to road towards horses.
		IBT: Karakorum produces Settler 2070 BC: Settler SW 2030 BC: Settler SW IBT: Worker completes road on wines 1990 BC: Worker moves towards Ta Tu to build iron road.
		1025 BC: Move a reception committee into position to meet the Goguryeo archer stack, and assemble a stack to head for Gogury.
	www.civfanatics.net /uploads5/AlanH_QSC25_Timeline.txt (2254 words)

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