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Topic: 3700 BC

	Climate, Culture, and Catastrophe in the Ancient World
		This was the beginning of the Younger Dryas, (10500 BC) a millenium in which the circulation system of the North Atlantic went into a kind of planetary fibrillation, the African monsoons migrated southward, drying the desert.
		BP (6000-3500 BC) at which time the temperature is warming culminating in an era warmer than present, when equatorial weather patterns may have reached farther north than at present, and the westerly storms of the north would have been confined to latitudes higher than at present.
		By 4500 BC the favorable climatic conditions and stabilized lower alluvial plains favoring territorial control and mound building (4500 BC) among native Amercan groups in the lower valleys.
	www.stanford.edu /~meehan/donnellyr/summary.html (1440 words)

	Mace Page 1
		Stone age maces were made as early as 8000 BC in some areas of the Near East but continued to be made much later.
		The earliest of the historic era maces are the disc maces of pre-Dynastic Egypt, Naqada I period circa 3900-3600 BC.
		Piriform (oval or pear shaped) mace heads appear in Egypt circa 3600 BC and were widely used through the Naqada II and III period, to roughly 3000 BC.
	otlichnik.tripod.com /medmace.html (1797 words)

	MATHEMATICS OF EGYPT - Mathematicians of the African Diaspora
		The Egyptians had a calendar as early as 4800 BC, but in 4200 BC their mathematics and astronomy produced a 365 day calendar (12 months of 30 days + 5 feast days).
		At first they used counting glyphs, but even by 2000 BC, the hieratic glyphs were in use.
		1300 BC)] divided the land into lots and gave a square piece of equal size, from the produce of which he exacted an annual tax.
	www.math.buffalo.edu /mad/Ancient-Africa/mad_ancient_egypt.html (364 words)

	The Dental HiWay: History: Historical Overview
		The earliest recorded reference to oral disease is from an ancient (5000 BC) Sumerian text that describes "tooth worms" as a cause of dental decay.
		By the 5th century BC, Herodotus, a Greek historian, wrote "in Egypt, medicine is practiced on a plan of separation--each physician treats a single disorder, and no more...some undertaking to cure diseases of the eye, others the head, others again of the teeth."
		Later (500-300 BC), Hippocrates and Aristotle wrote of ointments and cautery with a red hot wire to treat diseases of the teeth and oral tissues.
	www.sadanet.co.za /dhw/history/overview.html (895 words)

	Archaeology Wordsmith
		In 312 BC, Capua was connected with Rome by the Appian Way and its prosperity increased to make it the secondmost important in Italy.
		It was founded in the early 3rd millennium BC and was occupied until the late 1st millennium BC.
		A dam was built across the wadi in the mid-1st millennium BC and used until the mid-1st millennium AD.
	www.reference-wordsmith.com /cgi-bin/lookup.cgi?category=&where=headword&terms=Mari (1681 words)

	TIMELINE 4th MILLENIUM B.C. page of ULTIMATE SCIENCE FICTION WEB GUIDE
		Stanford "3000 BC" notes 3500 BC: Mesopotamia; Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain At about 3500 BC the lower Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain was under extreme pressure from both rapidly rising sea and buildup of the Karun delta.
		Stanford "3000 BC" notes 3500 BC: Global; Holocene delta development worldwide The sequence of Holocene delta development worldwide is indicated as beginning at 6000 BC; by 3000 BC a transgressive sequence of deltaic deposits had developed as shown on the figure.
		The 3199 BC value is associated with an acidity peak in Camp Century ice cores dated at 3150 BC demonstrating unquestionably that adverse weather conditions, probably due either to volcanic eruption or meteoric impact, occurred at this time.
	www.magicdragon.com /UltimateSF/timeline4KBC.html (6353 words)

	The Federation of Bakers: the baking industry > history of bread > antiquity
		The south of England became a centre of agriculture - barley and oats were grown freely; by 500 BC wheat in Britain started to become important.
		In Rome risen, yeasted bread became popular and by 500 BC a circular quern was developed - a circular stone wheel turned on another which was fixed.
		This was the basis of all milling until the industrial revolution in the 19th century and is still the way stoneground flour is produced today.
	www.bakersfederation.org.uk /antiquity.aspx (416 words)

	skycatcher2000
		Argos, 770 BC in Corinth and rebuild of Apollo's Temple at Delphi in 630 BC each being orientated towards this star.
		It was the Pole Star from 12,000-11,000 BC The 5th Brightest star in the sky.
		By 500 BC it was connected with Sunrise worship at Dendara in Egypt, used by many Northern Hemisphere cultures for navigation.
	ourworld.compuserve.com /homepages/skycatcher/page11.html (361 words)

	New Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The walls were made of oak planks and postholes in the middle of the house, most likely supported a pitched roof.
		The Bronze Age in Ireland is normally considered to start in 2500 BC or 2000 BC, and to end in 600 BC or 300 BC.
		Nearby were the remains of two dugout canoes, made of oak, which had been preserved in the mud.
	www.sperrinstourism.com /agri2.asp?ID=4 (1122 words)

	Sumerian Tablets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		MS in Neo Babylonian on bronze, Assyria, 811-783 BC, lower part of the garment of a giant statue, 42x26x5-10 cm remaining, single column, 19 lines in a large formal cuneiform script, the lower border of the garment, 6x18 cm, divided into 4 square compartments with decorative designs of Assyrian type.
		BC, 1 tablet, 21x17x4 cm, 3 columns, 16+16+16+4 lines in cuneiform script by a teacher of a scribal school in column 1, with 2 students repeating the hymn in columns 2 and 3.
		This complicated system was superseded around 3500-3200 BC by counting tablets giving birth to the actual recording in writing, of the sexagesimal counting system (see MSS 3007 and 4647), and around 3300-3200 BC the beginning of pictographic writing (see MSS 2963 and 4551).
	www.earth-history.com /Clay-tablets.htm (10875 words)

	Title: Urban legends , By: Lawton, Graham, New Scientist, 02624079, 9/18/2004, Vol
		By 3500 BC it had grown into a true city, covering around 2.5 square kilometres and housing a population estimated at 50,000.
		There was a particularly strong pulse of activity around 3400 BC, when people from the south colonised the entire region and displaced indigenous cultures, building cities in the image of Uruk.
		Even as early as 3700 BC, Gibson believes, Hamoukar covered about 12 hectares and was enclosed by a defensive city wall.
	www.hawaii.edu /geog_mr/ssci150online/06-early-cities/lawton.htm (2475 words)

	3000bc
		BP (6000-4000 BC) at which time the temperature is warming culminating in an era warmer than present, when equatorial weather patterns may have reached farther north than at present, and the westerly storms of the north would have been confined to latitudes higher than at present.
		By 4500 BC the favorable climatic conditions and stabilized lower alluvial plains (the newly stabilized sea level allowed the accumulation of sediment, the beginning of delta formation, in lower river valleys.
		At about 3500 BC the lower Tigris and Euphrates alluvial plain was under extreme pressure from both rapidly rising sea and buildup of the Karun delta.
	www.stanford.edu /~meehan/donnellyr/3000bc.html (5257 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Local History 80.000 BC - AD
		In the late Upper Paleolithic (10.000-8.000 BC) Hagen belonged to the hunting grounds of nomadic Rein-deer hunters.
		The area was populated, very sparsely however, throughout the Mesolithic Period (8000-4500 BC), but the first traces of permanent human settlement stem from the Neolithic period (4500-1700 BC) after the transition from a hunter to a farming society.
		From the Bronze Age (in Central Europe from about 1700-700 BC) little remains of a distinct Bronze Age culture survived, due to the scarcity of Bronze material and the geographical and climatic conditions in area with heavy rainfall and abundant rivers and lakes.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=3932&PN=1 (430 words)

	Pre-Harapan Chronology of Sindh
		By 4000 BC large scale cultivation of cereals, mixed farming (various types of wheat and barleys), and domestication of cattle, goats and sheep was practiced.
		By 3500 BC, goat and bird motifs on pottery disappeared, and were replaced by geometrical and intricate polychrome patterns.
		Neolithic period of Catal Huyuk (Turkey) is 6500 BC, and for Iraq and Egypt in the river flood plains, it is 4500 BC.
	www.panhwar.com /Article31.htm (3408 words)

	Christianity Line / HOLY BIBLE CHRONOLOGY LINE
		3700 BC ---- Mahalaleel is born to Cainan
		3400 BC ---- Methuselah is born to Enoch
		3200 BC ---- Lamech is born to Methuselah
	www.greekbiblos.gr /ecline.htm (570 words)

	Time Machine: 1193 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Time Machine: 1193 BC The Year 1193 BC The Pharaoh Siptah rules Egypt from 1200-1193 BC when he dies suddenly at the age of about 20.
		His mummified body lays undisturbed in his tomb in the Valley of the Kings until 1905 when the tomb was excavated.
		The mummy shows that his left leg was withered and his foot was rigidly extended like a horse's hoof - classic paralytic poliomyelitis.
	www-micro.msb.le.ac.uk /Tutorials/Time/1193BC.html (70 words)

	Cadir Hoyük: The Hittite City of Zippalanda - P-2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		However, the quantity of Early Bronze II and II pottery sherds (3000-2000 BC) present appears to increase with depth.
		It is possible that the artifacts and the pottery finds are part of a fill of the mid-section of a large Hittite period wall (perhaps a city wall) that may be indicated by an exposed line of very large rocks.
		The area was further disturbed in the Late Iron Age (500-300 BC) since sherds of that period are mixed in construction fill with the sherds that date to the Early Bronze and Hittite periods.
	www.lightmillennium.org /2005_16th/spaley_cadirhoyuk_p2.html (1924 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: 16. Seals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The collection starts with 150 stamp seal matrices from the 5th and 4th millennium BC, and ends with wax seals on medieval documents and papal lead bullas.
		MS 2784 Babylonia, 2000-1800 BC Babylonia, 2000-1600 BC Babylonia, 2000-1600 BC Assyrian and Neo Babylonian period cylinder seals
		MS in Egyptian on blue faience, Egypt, 1333-1323 BC, 1 oval cartouche shaped stamp seal, signet in a 20th c.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/5/5.6/index.html (2999 words)

	The Schoyen Collection: 9. Mathematics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Commentary: About 8000 BC the Palaeolithic notched tallies representing the simplest form of counting, in one-to-one correspondence, were superseded by Neolithic tokens of various geometric forms suited for concrete counting, including the type of commodity.
		Some of the earliest tablets have actual tokens impressed into the clay to form numbers and pictographs, and some of the pictographs were illustrations of tokens, see MS 4551.
		BC, upper left quarter of a tablet, 11,5x6,4x2,2 cm, single column, 43 lines in an expert cuneiform script, signed by the scribe, drawings of 2 circles with diameters and chords indicated.
	www.nb.no /baser/schoyen/5/5.11 (3687 words)

	IndiaStar: Ancient India in a New Light
		The Rig Veda was composed not in 1200 B.C.; it was completed in 3700 B.C. The cradle of civilization is not Sumeria in Mesopotamia, but the Sapta Sindhu, the land of seven rivers, in northwest India.
		Assuming the date of 4004 BC for the creation of the world, as Muller did, leads to 2448 BC for the biblical Flood.
		In 3730 BC occurred the Battle of Ten Kings-- the age of Sudas and his sage advisors, Vasishtha and Visvamitra.
	www.indiastar.com /ancient.htm (1810 words)

	Iraq, History
		The story of Gilgamesh, who actually was king of the city of Uruk in approximately 2700 BC, is a moving story of the ruler's deep sorrow at the death of his friend Enkidu, and of his consequent search for immortality.
		In the 6th century BC (586 B.C.), Nebuchadnezzar conquered Judea (Judah), destroyed Jerusalem; Solomon's Temple was also destroyed; Nebuchadnezzar carried away an estimated 15,000 captives, and sent most of its population into exile in Babylonia.
		It was not until the reign of Naboplashar (625-605 BC) of the Neo-Babylonian dynasty that the Mesopotamian civilization reached its ultimate distinction.
	members.fortunecity.com /thuraya/iraq_his.htm (7293 words)

	Ouachita River Mounds: A Five Millennium Mystery
		Saunders and others now have reason to believe that mound construction was widespread by 3000 BC in northern and southern Louisiana as well as Mississippi and Florida where other researchers have worked for years.
		After 500 BC, archaeological evidence shows that the people in the Ouachita River Valley had a different culture than those in the Mississippi and Red River valleys though they were connected by trade, Kidder said.
		By the time of the Marksville Culture in the second century BC, some of the mounds were used for burials.
	www.louisianafolklife.org /LT/Articles_Essays/ouachita_mds.html (1486 words)

	Catholic Apologetics International
		The number 237 is obtained by subtracting the year the Jews entered Egypt (Joseph as their representative), which, according to Ussher is 1728 BC, from the year Israel left Egypt, which according to Ussher is 1491 BC.
		The number 215 is obtained by subtracting the entrance of Jacob and his 70 family members in 1706 BC from the departure of Israel in 1491.
		Now, if the Flood, according to this author, took place in 2348 BC, that means we have 176 years to fit in the Flood and all the generations between Noah and Abraham, which is quite impossible.
	www.catholicintl.com /catholicissues/scriptural-chronologies2.htm (3725 words)

	Ulistac Natural Area Restoration Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The name has come into general use since the 1970's and today is understood by many to include all native Americans tracing their lineage back to the East and South Bay.
		From as early as 1000 BC until the end of the 18th century, Ohlone inhabited the site and founded a village called Ulistac.
		The mound is almost completely gone today, but has been dated to the Middle and Late Horizons of the Central California Taxonomic System, which would have broadly included the years from AD 100 to AD 1850.
	www.scu.edu /envs/ulistac/history/ohlone.html (4152 words)

	Online edition of Daily News - Features (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The necessity therefore arises that the public should be educated on the importance of conserving these areas mainly for their cultural value.
		Another belief is that excavations done in Pahiyangala 3700 BC reveal that there had been a ritual of painting dead bodies with a mixture (gurugal).
		Former Archaeology Commissioner Professor Siran Deraniyagala said that this type of burial has been widespread in Peninsula India and that an off-shoot of it was in Sri Lanka.
	www.dailynews.lk /2002/11/16/fea01.html (673 words)

	:: Environment and Heritage Service - News:: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		A cemetery of eight early Bronze Age (1800 BC) ring ditch barrow cremation burials has been fully excavated and recorded.
		The size, shape and construction is similar to the Ballynagilly, Co. Tyrone type Neolithic house, which was radiocarbon dated 4340-3700 BC.
		Pottery and worked flint has been recovered from both houses and carbonised timber has been recovered from foundation trenches and will be used to carbon date the houses.
	www.ehsni.gov.uk /news/news/news_loughbrickland.shtml (399 words)

	Decorating 101 Workshop
		The Greek Parthenon (438 BC) is generally considered the greatest masterpiece of architecture in the world.
		By 1000 BC a high culture was acheived on the central coast linking Mexico and Peru.
		It was not until about 6000 BC - 4000 BC that cultures began recording their history in some written form.
	ourworld.cs.com /b1p1lawrence/decorating_101.htm (2747 words)

	Archaeological Museum of Lamia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Soldiers leather cap decorated with boar's teeth from a Mycenaean chamber tomb at Elateia (14th - 13th century BC).
		It is the first representation of a warship found on Continental Greece (12th century BC).
		From a chamber thomb at Elateia (14th century BC).
	www.culture.gr /2/21/211/21114m/e211nm01.html (416 words)

	The story of the French Empire (4000 BC - 290 AD) - Civilization Gaming Network Forums
		It is the year 4000 BC My ancestors were nomads, but over the generations they have learned the secrets of farming, road building, and irrigation, and are ready to settle down.
		In 3950 BC, a group of French settlers found the first premanent settlement of Paris just northeast of the Seine River that peacefully flows through the desert.
		This year, 3650 BC, the strongest warriors of Paris have joined together and offered their services for the protection of our way of life.
	www.civgaming.net /forums/showthread.php?t=216 (1739 words)

	THE OFFICIAL CTHULHU MYTHOS FAQ - Timeline
		30-25 million BC: Development of CircumAntarctic current, essentially isolating Antarctica from the rest of the continents, and beginning the establishment of the Antarctic Ice Sheet.
		24,000 BC: Hairy cannibal Gnophkehs overcame many-templed Olathoe and slay all the heros of the land of Lomar (inside 80 deg N).
		3700 BC: Rise of Uruk period of Sumerian civilization.
	www.necfiles.org /timeline.htm (1357 words)

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