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Topic: 3TC

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	The Body: 3TC (Epivir)
		3TC is a nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor, or nuke.
		A different formulation of 3TC has been approved for people with hepatitis B. Some people with HIV had their hepatitis B get worse after they stopped taking 3TC.
		The normal dose of 3TC is 300 mg daily: either one 300 mg tablet daily, or one 150 mg tablet twice a day.
	www.thebody.com /nmai/3tc.html (765 words)

	HIV Medicine 2006 \| NRTIs (Nucleoside analogs, "nukes")
		Cross-resistance with ddI and 3TC, unfavorable pharmacokinetics, problems with peripheral neuropathy, stomatitis, and lack of data in the HAART era, have had the effect that ddC is hardly ever used now.
		3TC - Lamivudine (Epivir™) is a well-tolerated nucleoside analog.
		A pleasant effect of 3TC is also its good efficacy against hepatitis B viruses, although this is again limited by the relatively rapid development of resistance (Dienstag 1999, Dore 1999).
	hivmedicine.com /textbook/haart/nrti.htm (6862 words)

	Aidsmap \| 3TC - overview
		3TC is one of the nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs).
		The commonest side-effects of 3TC are nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, headache, tiredness, abdominal pain, peripheral neuropathy (tingling and pain in the feet and hands) and insomnia.
		The primary mutation associated with 3TC resistance occurs at codon 184 of the reverse transcriptase enzyme.
	www.aidsmap.com /en/docs/66A23363-D38A-4B17-AB29-72712E33038B.asp (2349 words)

	AIDS Committee of Windsor: HIV Treatment Information > Combination Therapy
		Like these other approved antiretrovirals, 3TC is a nucleoside analogue, which works by inhibiting an important enzyme that HIV uses to reproduce, thus preventing the creation of new virus.
		While 3TC impairs HIV's ability to replicate, it will never be a cure for AIDS as it does not totally eradicate the virus from the body.
		Because 3TC is partially processed through the kidneys, concurrent use of drugs which have kidney toxicities may increase the risk of side effects of 3TC.
	www.mnsi.net /~aidscw/3tc.htm (731 words)

	European Phase II/III Pivotal 3TC/AZT Data Published in Jama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The analysis showed that the combination of 3TC and AZT is associated with a significant decrease in clinical progression compared to the control arms.
		Conant, who noted that this was the largest expanded access program ever undertaken, concluded that the safety profile reported in the patients receiving 3TC as monotherapy or in combination with AZT was similar to that reported from the four pivotal clinical trials.
		3TC plus AZT, the most widely used combination treatment for HIV infection and AIDS in the U.S., is also the most widely used two-drug combination in triple drug regimens.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/9c6e.htm (911 words)

	3TC: New Treatment Enters Major Trials, ATN 173, April 23, 1993 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Additionally, a dose-escalating safety study of 3TC is continuing in Los Angeles and Bethesda, Maryland, for children up to 17 years old, with a larger efficacy trial to follow at some undetermined point.
		It's also worth noting that 3TC has shown activity against the hepatitis-B virus (HBV), and is being, or soon will be, tested for that use in both Europe and the U.S. People coinfected with HIV and HBV might have an extra reason for considering 3TC trials.
		And, like other nucleosides, 3TC is backed by a large company with the resources to develop it quickly and move it toward approval (which could come late next year); it benefits from the FDA's familiarity with this class of drugs and willingness to license them.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/healthnet/HIV/docs/atn/atn173b.html (1087 words)

	(ATDN) 3TC - a new anti-HIV drug?
		Researchers studying the drug reported in November of this year that the combination of 3TC and AZT was effective in improving laboratory tests of the immune system.
		3TC is in Phase III trials in Europe and the Far East as a treatment for hepatitis B. Phase III trials are planned for the US, Canada and Japan in late 1994 and 1995.
		Currently, 3TC is in a clinical trial for children and adolescents in combination with AZT and ddI at the National Cancer Institute.
	www.aegis.com /pubs/atdn/1994/atr01516.html (521 words)

	Aidsmap \| 3TC - key research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		However, the use of 3TC in combination with AZT was still associated with greater decreases in plasma viral load than AZT monotherapy, possibly in part because the development of the K70R mutation associated with AZT resistance was significantly reduced among combination recipients.
		Johnson (1996) reported that in a pharmacokinetic study in thirteen pregnant women and their offspring, the data indicated that the recommended adult combination dose for 3TC (150mg twice daily) should be maintained in pregnant women but the paediatric dose of 8 mg/kg/day should be reduced in neonates to 4 mg/kg/day (divided as appropriate).
		Boucher reported that 3TC treatment is associated with a methionine-isoleucine substitution at codon 184 in the reverse transcriptase of HIV, resulting in HIV strains which are resistant to 3TC.
	aidsmap.com /en/docs/6A59ADFA-B57C-4076-A6D9-E89EAEB8AFA1.asp?type=p... (5382 words)

	Pharmacological Evaluation of a Dual Deoxycytidine Analogue Combination: 3TC and SPD754.
		The plasma pharmacokinetic profiles of SPD754 and 3TC were determined in human volunteers after their administration alone or in combination.
		3TC reduced intracellular SPD754-TP concentrations in a dose dependent manner, with 3 (M 3TC reducing SPD754-TP by 4- to 6-fold relative to its concentration determined in the absence of 3TC.
		The human plasma PK of SPD754 and 3TC, and the intracellular pharmacokinetics of 3TC-TP, were unaffected by co-administration.
	gateway.nlm.nih.gov /MeetingAbstracts/102270851.html (489 words)

	3TC (Epivir)
		A different formulation of 3TC has been approved for people with hepatitis B.
		3TC + abacavir (Ziagen) + tenofovir (Viread) or 3TC + ddI (Videx) + tenofovir (Viread): These combinations are linked to a high rate of treatment failure and should not be used without additional anti-HIV drugs.
		3TC should not be taken with emtricitabine (Emtriva) because there is no additional benefit.
	www.aids.org /factSheets/415-3TC-Epivir.html (618 words)

	3TC Faq
		3TC is an antiretroviral medication, which is used together with other antiretrovirals (e.g., zidovudine) to delay the progression of HIV infection.
		In general, the dose of 3TC is 150 mg (one tablet or 3 teaspoonfuls/15 mL oral solution) twice daily.
		Most side effects reported with 3TC are mild, and may include headaches, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, rash, fatigue, a general feeling of being unwell, or a numbness, tingling sensation or sensation of weakness in your limbs.
	www.tthhivclinic.com /3tc.htm (742 words)

	3TC
		M184I usually develops shortly after 3TC is begun and is quickly replaced by M184V; M184T occurs rarely.
		This is related to the observation that M184V results in greatly diminished levels of pyrophosphorolysis and nucleotide primer unblocking, i.e., reverse steps in reverse transcription [Gotte M, et al.2000].
		Drug resistance to 3TC is readily detectable in vitro by a variety of phenotypic assays.
	www.hivresistanceweb.com /protected/drug/3TC.shtml (796 words)

	3TC -- HIV/AIDS -- AEGIS
		3TC is in a class of anti-HIV drugs commonly called "nukes" -- the same category of drug as AZT, ddI, ddC, and d4T.
		The dose for 3TC is usually 150mg (2 tablets), taken twice a day.
		3TC is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (sometimes called "nuke").
	www.aegis.org /topics/3tc.html (300 words)

	Lamivudine - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Lamivudine(2'-3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine, 3TC) is a potent reverse transcriptase inhibitor.
		It can inhibit both types (1 and 2) of HIV reverse transcriptase and also the reverse transcriptase of hepatitis B.
		You can find it there under the keyword 3TC (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3TC)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=3TCandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/3TC (301 words)

	Abacavir + 3TC Fixed Dose Combination (One Pill Once Daily):
		These FDCs consist of abacavir (Ziagen) and Epivir (3TC) in one pill taken once daily and the second FDC is tenofovir (Viread) and FTC (Emtricitabine) also administered as one pill once daily.
		3TC was originally approved to be administered twice daily, but was FDA approved to be administered once daily.
		During the blinded portion of the study, suspected hypersensitivity to abacavir was reported by investigators in 9% of 324 patients in the abacavir group and 3% of 325 patients in the zidovudine group.
	www.natap.org /2004/HIV/083004_08.htm (3368 words)

	Wild-Type and YMDD Mutant Murine Leukemia Virus Reverse Transcriptases Are Resistant to 2',3'-Dideoxy-3'-Thiacytidine ...
		The approach used to determine the sensitivity of MLV RT to 3TC is outlined in Fig.
		The percent chemiluminescence was measured in the absence and presence of 3TC (10 µM).
		CFU/ml in the absence of 3TC and 0.5 × 10
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/74/14/6669 (4227 words)

	Epivir (lamivudine, 3TC). Buy Epivir & all your HIV/AIDS medications here.
		3TC (Epivir), is a drug used for antiviral therapy.
		3TC was approved as an antiviral drug for people with HIV infection.
		If you take 3TC with other antiviral drugs, you can reduce your viral load to extremely low levels, and increase your T-cell counts.
	www.hiv-aids-help-desk.com /epivir.html (571 words)

	Consumer Medicine Information
		3TC is used, in combination with other antiretrovirals, for the treatment of HIV infected adults and children.
		The recommended dose for 3TC is reduced in people with kidney disease and depends on how well their kidneys are working.
		While you are taking 3TC, it is very important that your doctor keeps a close check on your health and takes blood samples to monitor levels of red and white blood cells.
	www.medsafe.govt.nz /consumers/cmi/3tc.htm (1959 words)

	1995 December, ATN 236 - 1995 December, ATN 236 - Lamivudine (3TC) Approved for Combination Use with AZT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Resistance to 3TC is believed to be caused by a mutation at position 184 in the gene which codes for the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase.
		A theoretical risk in using 3TC, in adults as well as children, is that laboratory studies suggest that it might cause virus to rapidly become resistant to ddI and ddC, as well as to 3TC.
		This concern arose because most patients who use 3TC (even with AZT) develop a mutation at position 184 of the reverse transcriptase gene which gives the virus highlevel resistance to 3TC -- and in laboratory tests, the same mutation developed when viruses were exposed to ddI, and it conferred low-level resistance to ddI.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/healthnet/HIV/docs/atn/atn236i.html (2741 words)

	3TC Once Daily: equivalent to 3TC twice daily
		3TC was recently approved by the FDA to be used 300 mg once daily.
		The discontinuation rate was 28% in the 3TC once daily group and 31% in the 3TC twice daily group.
		Although the adverse events profile were similar in both groups the study authors reported 6% in the 3TC once daily group and 12% in the 3TC twice daily group discontinued treatment due to adverse events.
	www.natap.org /2002/ICAAC/day3.htm (308 words)

	Use of the Hepatitis B Virus Recombinant Baculovirus-HepG2 System to Study the Effects of (-)-beta ...
		For the first schedule (P), 3TC treatment was initiated 16 h prior to HBV baculovirus infection (pretreatment); in this group 3TC treatment was continued during and after infection.
		Treatments with 0, 0.02, 0.2, and 2.0 µM concentrations of 3TC were initiated either 16 h prior to HBV baculovirus infection (P) or 24 h p.i.
		Analysis of HBV RNA produced in 3TC-treated cells indicated that the transcription of HBV genes was unaffected by 3TC.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/43/8/2017 (8126 words)

	AZT/3TC combination is promising in treating HIV infection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Results of European trials, reported last November in Glasgow, indicated that the drug 3TC would be useful in treating HIV infection.
		The preliminary results of North American clinical studies of the nucleoside analogs 3TC and AZT (zidovudine) show that the two drugs in combination have a greater effect on surrogate markers of HIV infection than either drug alone or the combination of AZT and ddC (zalcitabine), another nucleoside analog.
		Clinical trials investigating the use of 3TC in treating hepatitis B are also scheduled; the drug will be known in these trials as lamivudine.
	www.pslgroup.com /dg/e23e.htm (668 words)

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		Thus we are able to offer excellent services and value for money, as well as making a positive contribution to the community.
	www.3tc-solutions.com /about.htm (250 words)

	Lamivudine (3TC) resistance in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase involves steric hindrance with beta -branched amino acids -- ...
		3TC is also a potent inhibitor of hepadnavirus polymerases (1, 5).
		In HBV polymerase, 3TC resistance is associated either with a single mutation of methionine to isoleucine at position 552 in the YMDD motif or with two mutations that occur concomitantly (M552V/L528M) (8).
		3TC, 2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine; FTC, 2'-3'-dideoxy-3'-thia-5-fluorocytidine; HBV, hepatitis B virus; MuLV, Moloney murine leukemia virus; NRTI, nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor; RT, reverse transcriptase; YXDD motif, Tyr-X-Asp-Asp motif; 3TCTP, the triphosphate of 3TC.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/96/18/10027 (5368 words)

	3TC Plus AZT: Important Treatment Advance?
		3TC is a nucleoside analog antiviral -- in the same general
		One theory holds that this is because 3TC reverses
		BCH-189 is a mixture of equal parts of 3TC and a molecule
	www.aids.org /atn/a-212-02.html (1758 words)

	3TC.LAMIVUDINE.INFO.NRTI
		Drug-resistant 3TC may continue to have antiviral effect.
		3TC is also available in a combined form with AZT.
		The site editor has taken all such care as considered reasonable in preparing the information published, but cannot be held responsible for any Inaccuraciesor mis-statements of fact contained herein.
	website.lineone.net /~prowell/3tc.lamivudine.nrti.info.html (131 words)

	The rise in HIV-1 RNA load during 3TC/AZT combination therapy is associated with the selection of viruses resistant to ...
		Methods: At regular intervals during 3TC monotherapy and subsequent 3TC/AZT combination therapy, HIV- 1 RNA was isolated from plasma and quantified using a PCR assay.
		Sequence analyses of the RT gene from amino acid 1-262 were performed on clones obtained from HIV-1 RNA isolated at start of 3TC monotherapy, at the addition of AZT and after about 1 year of 3TC/AZT combination therapy.
		All the recombinant viruses obtained after one year of combination therapy were 3TC resistant (greater than 1000 fold) and, depending on the pattern of AZT resistance conferring mutations present, also showed dscreased AZT susceptibility (up to 16 fold).
	gateway.nlm.nih.gov /MeetingAbstracts/102216054.html (417 words)

	IAS Report on HIV Treatment Issues (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The use of 3TC in HIV patients with HBV co-infection is limited by the rapid development of resistance.
		The M184V mutation associated with 3TC and FTC resistance reduces HIV fitness, and it is possible that maintaining the M184V mutation in the face of virologic failure may help keep viral loads in check and maintain CD4 counts.
		No patient in the 3TC group experienced any clinical events, but there were six clinical events in the treatmentinterruption group, including acute retroviral syndrome, pneumonia, lymphoma, and candidal esophagitis.
	www.fbhc.org /cme/gil/gil007/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.newsletter1 (2851 words)

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