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	Mule (disambiguation) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mule a hybrid of a horse and a donkey.
		Mule is also used by cagebird breeders to refer to hybrids of finch species bred in captivity, such as goldfinch and canary.
		In crime, a mule, is someone who, knowingly or unknowingly, smuggles something onto an airplane or across a national border, sometimes aware that they are smuggling, but not knowing what is in what he or she smuggles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mule_(disambiguation) (487 words)

	40 acres and a mule - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		40 acres and a mule is the colloquial term for compensation that was to be awarded to freed American slaves after the Civil War—40 acres (16 ha) of land to farm, and a mule with which to drag a plow so the land could be cultivated.
		William T. Sherman and applied to fl families who lived near the coasts of South Carolina and Florida (the original order specifically allocated "the islands from Charleston, south, the abandoned rice fields along the rivers for thirty miles back from the sea, and the country bordering the St. Johns river, Florida").
		Few if any former slave families ever took possession of the land or the apocryphal mule, and the phrase has come to represent the failure of Reconstruction and the general public to assist African-Americans in the path from slavery to freedom.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/40_acres_and_a_mule (361 words)

	40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		40 Acres and A Mule Filmworks is the production company of noted African American filmmaker Spike Lee (born 1957).
		Lee chose to name his production company after something that African Americans felt that they had been promised, "Forty acres and a mule", at the close of the American Civil War, which was presumably to be derived from lands and livestock confiscated from plantation owners who had supported the Confederacy.
		In history, Congress voted against a bill providing for such; Lee chose the name in part to memorialize a society that is, in his opinion, rife with broken promises to fls.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/40_Acres_%26_A_Mule_Filmworks (191 words)

	ipedia.com: 40 acres and a mule Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		40 acres and a mule is the colloquial term for compensation that was to be awarded freed American slaves after the Civil War —40 acres of land to farm, and a mule with which to drag a plow so th...
		President Andrew Johnson vetoed the enactment of the policy as a federal statute (introduced as U.S. Senate Bill 60), although an altered form of the bill was later passed and Johnson's second veto overridden.
		Few if any former slave families ever took possession of the land or the mule, and the phrase has come to represent the failure of Reconstruction and the public's failure to assist African-Americans in the path from slavery to freedom.
	www.ipedia.com /40_acres_and_a_mule.html (380 words)

	Dissertations, Essays on 40 acres and a Mule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		They were freed as slaves and promised 40 acres and a mule.
		While 40 acres and a mule could never repay the slaves for all they endured, it would have given them a chance to make a living.
		Maybe 40 acres and a mule wouldn’t have made a big difference in the race problems that the U.S. face, but at least everyone would have had an equal opportunity to make a good name for themselves.
	www.essayboom.com /essay/40_acres_and_a_Mule-108759.html (170 words)

	Newhouse B1
		"My grandfather always talked about the 40 acres and a mule we were promised and never given," she told reporters as she filed her suit on March 26 in U.S. District Court in Brooklyn.
		That promise "is a myth," said Oubre, author of "Forty Acres and a Mule: The Freedmen's Bureau and Black Land Ownership" and a history and political science professor at Louisiana State University at Eunice.
		People "understand intuitively the phrase 40 acres and a mule, and it captures the underlying reality in a memorable way," Anderson said.
	www.newhousenews.com /archive/story1b040102.html (962 words)

	Lee's 40 Acres downsizes as deal is sought (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Sam Kitt, the longtime, Los Angeles-based co-principal of 40 Acres, confirmed that the company has gone through what he called a "tactical retrenchment," which he attributed to the expiration of an exclusive first-look deal on theatrical projects with Walt Disney Studios that ran from February 2002-June 2003.
		Kitt is stepping down as 40 Acres president, and he acknowledged last week that he is pursuing outside projects while continuing to work with Lee.
		40 Acres has been a pioneering entity on the independent film landscape since the late 1980s, not to mention a driving force behind the emergence of new generation of fl filmmakers.
	www.hollywoodreporter.com /thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1000590828 (934 words)

	Sharpton: "40 acres and a mule" convention comment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Sharpton's claim that the freed slaves never got the 40 acres and a mule is correct.
		The whole 40 acres and a mule thing came from General Sherman's Field Order 15 which ordered the distribution of 40 acres of tillable land to the head of every freed slave family, land to come from southern property owners, and the distribution subject to the approval of the President.
		I'm always amused by the claims for 40 acres and a mule, for this idea has in its origin less force and far less clarity than Lincoln's solution to slavery to buy the slaves from their holders and ship them back to Africa.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/1181920/posts (2684 words)

	AlterNet: 40 Acres and a Mule Plus Interest
		In 1865, the original reparations package, the so-called "40 Acres and a Mule," was issued.
		Each fl family was supposed to receive 40 acres and later was offered the loan of Army mules.
		The goal of the Freedmen's Bureau was to distribute 850,000 abandoned and confiscated acres of land to former slaves.
	www.alternet.org /story/11000 (925 words)

	40 Days, 40 Years, 40 Acres (and a mule)
		In the Bible, bad things seem to come in 40’s: 40 days and 40 nights of rain set Noah’s ark afloat and drowned everything else; 40 years the Israelites wandered in the desert waiting to enter the promised land; 40 days Jesus was tempted by the devil in the wilderness.
		“40 winks”; the best songs on the radio are called the...
		(Imagine the pot-luck lunch!) 40 years is hard to imagine all at once, but you can break it down: 18 years living at home, 4 years in college or the military, 4 years getting settled, 14 years raising children—and before you know it, you’re 40.
	www.phil.vt.edu /JKlagge/Lent.htm (2236 words)

	NEW MUSICAL HAS VETERANS OF THE STAGE AND SCREEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		But ``40 Acres and a Mule,'' the musical continuing tonight at Hampton University, is a new challenge for the two veterans: It's the first production of the show and the first time they've performed on a college stage.
		They had to find all of their kin before each received a promised 40 acres and a mule to begin new lives as free men and women.
		``40 Acres and a Mule'' at Hampton University.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1996/vp960320/03200054.htm (597 words)

	40 acres and a mule
		It means "40 acres and a mule" here
		The Iowa caucus proved Dean was and is the man for African Americans: who else but a man who speaks for the fl community could get his ass kicked so badly.
		40 acres and a mule: its stands for what a person truly needs as independent person, responsible, taking care of self, family, community, country, earth.
	40acresandamule.blogspot.com (216 words)

	Zap2it.com - Movie news - Spike Lee Cuts Back 40 Acres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Samm Kitt, the Los Angeles-based co-principal of 40 Acres, will exit his post but continue to work with Lee while also seeking outside projects.
		On the television front, 40 Acres is boldly seeking out several opportunities that would survive on more limited budgets than films would.
		Whether or not 40 Acres thrives in the small-screen arena, the company will still stay with its original medium.
	www.zap2it.com /movies/news/story/0,1259,---22446,00.html (332 words)

	40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		We don't have an article called "40 Acres and A Mule Filmworks"
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	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/40_Acres_&_A_Mule_Filmworks (86 words)

	The Black Commentator - Reparations Part One - Printer Friendly Version
		The great abolitionist lawmaker’s bill was, of course, doomed. But the freedmen and women were aware of efforts to grant them “40 acres and a mule”. It is much more than idle whimsy to ponder what this modest proposal would have meant to the history and fortunes of Black people in the United States.
		Paul’s government-deeded 40 acres lay 30 miles west of Charleston, South Carolina. Most of his neighbors were Black, the majority population of the entire region.
		Paul learned the rudiments of reading from Paulette’s children, who were looking forward to attending one of the small colleges that had sprung up in the region. Northern whites had started the institutions as literacy centers shortly after the War of Rebellion, but the farmer and artisan classes now largely supported the schools.
	www.blackcommentator.com /reparations_pr.html (1193 words)

	40 Acres and a College Degree, by David Michael Rothschild - Democratic Underground
		Around this time in 1787 the final draft of the Constitution was sent to the individual states for ratification.
		As recently as 140 years ago, the concept was as simple as "40 Acres and a Mule" (and a great deal of sweat).
		Yet, unless those 40 acres are sold immediately for development rights, 40 acres of farm land and a mule are very unlikely to be profitable to most Americans in 2005.
	www.democraticunderground.com /articles/05/08/17_degree.html (1092 words)

	American University Library - Spike Lee
		Uses archival film footage, home photographs and comments by surviving family members to document one of America's most terrible crimes and the impact it made on the civil rights movement.
		It includes footage from some of their award-winning student films, clips from blockbuster hits, discussions of past tragedies and triumphs that shaped their work and their thoughts on the industry on general.
		Their relationship causes them to be scrutinized by their friends, cast out from their families and shunned by their neighbors in this moving view of inner-city life.
	www.library.american.edu /subject/media/lee.html (617 words)

	Forty Acres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		40 ACRES AND A MULE, a musical that celebrates the family, is a story set in the reconstruction period of the south after the Civil War.
		The Valley community is abuzz with the recent news from Washington of a proclamation to help them in their efforts, by granting the head of each household land and the tools to begin
		Junior is moved, 40 ACRES goes into development this fall at Hampton Institute in Virginia and has its premiere in March.Plans are for further bookings of this gospel-oriented musical to travel the road, with its ultimate destination to arrive on Broadway.
	ourworld.cs.com /byrdnest14/files/fortya.htm (218 words)

	ireland.com // T H E T I C K E T // 40 ACRES FOR A MULE
		She is introduced as a spirited 17-year-old living in cramped conditions with four generations of her family in a rural town north of Bogota, and earning a pittance in her assembly line job: taking the thorns off roses that will be exported in bouquets.
		Maria is ripe for recruitment as a "mule" to take drugs into the US, and the camera observes dispassionately as she rehearses with large grapes before swallowing 62 latex-wrapped heroin pellets in the knowledge that she will die if even one breaks inside her.
		He wisely eschews didacticism in tackling the everyday exploitation of people driven by economic circumstances to act as drugs mules, and the pervasive corruption that implicitly condones this practice.
	www.ireland.com /theticket/articles/2005/0325/2359929421TK2503MARIA.html (432 words)

	garygrantint99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The federal government never lived up to its promise of "forty acres and a mule." Nevertheless, some African American farmers were able to buy or lease parcels of land under these programs.
		However, during Reconstruction under President Andrew Johnson, many of the powers and activities of the Freedmen's Bureau were dismantled and much of the land that had been leased to fl farmers was taken away and returned to Confederate loyalists.
		The federal government bought 18,000 acres of former plantation land and divided it up into forty to eighty-acre tracts and made it possible for fl people to purchase that land.
	www.ejrc.cau.edu /garygrantint99.htm (2170 words)

	40 acres, a Mule, and Other Fables of the Reconstruction \| Mathew Gross
		40 acres, a Mule, and Other Fables of the Reconstruction
		40 Acres and a mule is not going to get them out of this mess.
		PS: Here is an interesting look at the "40 Acres and a Mule" debacle.
	mathewgross.com /community/node/404?PHPSESSID=126a50a9a736bcc8df2ca848492dda7c (1351 words)

	AlterNet: 40 Acres and a Mule, Denied
		By the early 1970s, Leon – the oldest of the three and the first to have farming aspirations of his own – had accumulated an adjacent 74 acres of land while renting out another 1,200, making him one of the most prominent fl landowners in Halifax County.
		Then, in 1999, the FSA tried to block his purchase of an additional 360 acres by low-balling its appraised value, a tactic used to make the transaction undesirable for the seller.
		Upon realizing this, the incensed white female seller sold the property to Davis anyway, ate the lost profit, and composed a written affidavit to accompany the lawsuit Davis was already filing for earlier FSA transgressions.
	www.alternet.org /story/20511 (1435 words)

	US Constitution - Historical Documents, 40 (Forty) Acres and a Mule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		To solve problems caused by the mass of refugees, Sherman issued Special Field Orders, No. 15, a temporary plan granting each freed family forty acres of tillable land on islands and the coast of Georgia.
		The army had a number of unneeded mules which were also granted to settlers.
		News of "forty acres and a mule" spread quickly; freed slaves welcomed it as proof that emancipation would finally give them a stake in the land they had worked as slaves for so long.
	www.usconstitution.com /40Acres.htm (638 words)

	Black Inheritance Tax Refund 40 Acres And A Mule (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		An acre is a measure of land area in Imperial units or U.S. customary units.
		The acre was selected as approximately the amount of land tillable by one man behind an ox in one day.
		In its common modern meaning, a mule is the offspring of a male donkey and afemale horse.
	www.super8filmmaking.com /tail/2688-black-inheritance-tax-refund-40-acres-and-a-mule.html (2432 words)

	94.04.01: What About My 40 Acres & A Mule?
		However, the derivation of the promise of 40 acres and a mule to ex-slaves is not altogether clear.
		Students will be divided into three groups (those supporting the demands for 40 acres and a mule, those opposed and lastly, Supreme Court Justices) for the purpose of staging a mock trial to determine the legality of reparations to former slaves at the end of the Civil War.
		Demands for reparations are unwarranted, foster alienation and are extraneous.The government never actually promised the freedmen 40 acres and a mule.
	www.yale.edu /ynhti/curriculum/units/1994/4/94.04.01.x.html (6578 words)

	Black History 366 Days a Year! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Each family would receive 40 acres of land and an army mule to work the land, thus "forty acres and a mule." Gen. Rufus Saxton was assigned by Sherman to implement the Order.
		On a national level, this and other land, confiscated and abandoned, became the jurisdiction of the Freedman's Bureau, which was headed by Gen. Oliver Otis Howard (Howard University).
		Howard issued Circular 13, giving 40 acres as quickly as possible.
	www.isomedia.com /homes/bhd2/40_acres_and_mule.htm (201 words)

	40 Songs
		Andante from Symphony #40 in G Minor, K. Are You on the Top 40 of Your Lord?
		Bass Mechanik (Peaks @ 30, 40, & 50Hz)
		Tekno Kanik (Peaks @ 30, 40, & 50Hz--Breakdown from 25 - 50Hz)
	www.brainymusic.com /songlink/4/40.html (650 words)

	40 Acres (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Here at Disney, we had a dream, and now we are proud to present it to you: the post - Civil War story of a young slave boy named Forty Acres (Malcolm Jamal Warner), freed from laboring on the plantation when it's revealed that he is directly descended from Thomas Jefferson.
		His only friend along the way is plantation escapee Stubbie (Bobcat Goldthwait), a magical mule that can lighten Forty's skin tone and correct his grammar when the need arises.
		But they still have to stay on their big fl toes because Coony the Bloodhound (Tom Wopat), the head of a temperamental group of dog-supremacists, is sure to smell trouble if Forty and Stubbie don't wade in the water.
	www.nationallampoon.com /MoDstyles/wwwaste/forty/40acre.asp (178 words)

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