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Topic: 4000 BCE


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In the News (Tue 7 Oct 08)

  
  Science Timeline
About 510 bce, Almaeon of Crotona, a member of the Pythagorean medical circle, located the seat of perception in the brain, or enkephalos, and maintained that there were passages connecting the senses to the brain, a position he was said to have arrived at by dissections of the optic nerve.
About 430 bce, Hippocrates of Chios squared the lune, a major step toward squaring the circle, probably using the theorem that circles are to one another as the squares of their diameters.
About 370 bce, Eudoxus of Cnidus invented a model of twenty-seven concentric spheres by which he was able to calculate the sun's annual motions through the zodiac, the moon's motion including its wobble, and the planets' retrograde motion.
www.sciencetimeline.net /prehistory.htm   (6626 words)

  
 Sardinia: Prehistory
From the earliest period, Sardinia was in contact with extra-insular communities in Corsica, Liguria, Lombardy and Provence as is attested by the presence of obsidian from Sardinia in those regions.
This was a period of profound, often rapid, changes and marked increases in prosperity that began in the eastern Mediterranean (notably in Gerzean Egypt) and southeastern Europe (notably associated with Gumelnitsa metallurgy) and rippled westward.
It is characterized by a proliferation of "cultures" that are essentially regional variations of sub- and post-Ozieri, transitional to the Bronze Age nuragic culture.
www.usd.edu /erp/Sardinia/prehist.htm   (1910 words)

  
 Europe before 1000 BCE
Between 5000 and 4000 BCE it spread up the Danube River into central Europe, along the Rhine River, the Netherlands, Gaul and finally into what is now Switzerland.
By 4000 BCE, Europeans were using a wooden plow, and, sometime after 4000, farming spread to people around the Vistula River and into Scandinavia, while in Finland those people to be known as Finns hunted seals and bred pigs.
By around 2000 BCE the Bell Beakers had traveled as far as what is now Czech Republic in central Europe, as far as Corsica, Sicily and North Africa, and they had entered Britain as far north as what is now Scotland.
www.fsmitha.com /h1/ch07.htm   (1502 words)

  
 Global Networking Timeline: 30,000 BCE-999 CE   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
4000 BCE - [T] Horses are domesticated and used for riding at Ukrainian steppes (Brown and Anthony 1997).
A second network (in addition to that established circa 4000 BCE in Mesopotamia), centered on north-eastern China, was established (Sherratt 2003).
Distant signalling stations would use torches to indicate the beginning and end of the transmission, as well as which of the many possible water levels was to be noted down and interpreted according to a given codebook (James and Thorpe 1994, cited in Chang et al.
www.ciolek.com /papers/global/early.html   (2874 words)

  
 Ancient Egypt - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Mortar (masonry) was in use by 4000 BC.
Late Period of Ancient Egypt (26th to 31 dynasties; 7th century BC to 332 BCE)
There is a question as to the sophistication of ancient Egyptian technology, and there are several open problems concerning real and alleged ancient Egyptian achievements.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ancient_Egypt   (1924 words)

  
 Samovila-Yemaya
Scatha's helmet is from a Celtic grave in Ciumesti, Romania, 3rd century BCE ; her torque is from Snettisham (Norfolk), England, mid 1st century BCE.
Her necklace is from Deir el-Balah, 14th-13th century BCE; her earring is from a falcon pendant from Tell el-Ajjul, mid 2nd millennium BCE.
3500 BCE, near Belgrade, Yugoslavia; on the left is a Goddess with a siren, canines and lions, 5th century BCE, Kherson mound, Ukraine; gold headdress after one found at Chertomlyk, 4th century BCE; bottom layer after a diadem from Kelermes, 6th century BCE; earring from Olbia, 5th century BCE; torque from Chertomlyk, 4th century BCE.
www.goddessmyths.com /Samovila-Yemaya.html   (1500 words)

  
 Timebase Multimedia Chronography(TM) - Timebase 2000-01
771 BCE The Chou dynasty in China is forced to abandon its western capital in Hao, of the Wei River Valley and move its seat eastward to Loyang due to the threat of a barbarian invasion.
400-300 BCE The Celts settle in the Danube-Sava basin.
312 BCE Seleucus Nicator, one of Ptolemy's generals in Syria, establishes a kingdom ranging from Syria in the west to India in the east (approximately the scope of the ancient Assyrian or Babylonian Empires) and founds the Seleucid empire.
www.humanitas-international.org /showcase/chronography/timebase/b-c-e.htm   (5647 words)

  
 4000 The Fifth Milemium - Raenbo Calendar
Now you have a more meaningful date to use as your new year zero because 4914 BCE is at the dawn of civilization and falls between the years of creation as reckoned by several ancient cultures.
4914 BCE is further back than 3641 BCE which was the year of creation on the Mayan calendar and it is further back than 3760 BCE which is the year of creation on the Hebrew calendar.
But it is not as far back as 5490 BCE which was the year of creation as reckoned by the early Syrian Christians nor is it as far back as 5508 BCE which was the year of creation as adopted in the 7th century at Constantinople by the Eastern Orthodox Church.
www.raenbo.com /pages/calendar2.html   (817 words)

  
 Ancient Egypt - Enpsychlopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
And by 4000 BC they had invented the use of mortar (masonry).
As a civilization based on irrigation, it is the quintessential example of a hydraulic empire.
The Egyptian religions, emboddied in Egyptian mythology, were a the succession of beliefs held by the people of Egypt until the coming of Christianity and Islam.
www.grohol.com /psypsych/Ancient_Egypt   (2025 words)

  
 National History Standards - Era 1
Shortly after 4000 BCE, a rich culture and economy based on walled cities was appearing along the banks of the two rivers.
In the second millennium BCE migrations of pastoral folk emanating from the steppes of Central Asia contributed to a quickening pace of change across the entire region from Europe and the Mediterranean basin to India.
Identify areas of Eurasia and Africa where cities and dense farming populations appeared between 4000 and 1000 BCE and analyze connections between the spread of agriculture and the acceleration of world population growth.
www.sscnet.ucla.edu /nchs/standards/worldera2.html   (1854 words)

  
 Critique Of Willy Hartner's Earliest Constellations
Early cylinder seals often had a handle on top but by circa 3000 BCE they were pieced longitudinally to enable them to be worn around the neck or wrist, or suspended from clothing.) Other items depicting lion-bull combat/contest scenes range from pitchers and jars to the stairway walls at Persepolis.
Possibly circa 3300 BCE the eastern branch of the Euphrates River permanently lost its flow of water resulting in the available habitable land being diminished.
It is unlikely that the ewer [from Uruk circa 3300 BCE] merely depicts the trivial occurence of the depredations of beasts of prey among the herds....
members.optusnet.com.au /~gtosiris/page9b.html   (4382 words)

  
 EAWC: The Complete Chronology
He is condemned to death in 399 BCE on the charges of corrupting the youth and introducing new gods into Greek thought.
Born in 480 BCE, he is the last of the tragic dramatists.
Both Epicurus ( 342 - 270 BCE) and Zeno, the Stoic (not to be confused with Zeno of Elea), believe in an individualistic and materialistic philosophy.
eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/index2.htm   (6777 words)

  
 FatherOak's Druidism   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
4000 BCE Approximate date of first documented Proto- Indo European culture,which is believed Druidic, near the Black Sea circa.
55 BCE Julius Ceasar of Rome invaded the Celtic Britian.
52 BCE Julius Ceasar defeats Celts in Gaul.
www.fatheroak.com /resource.html   (2002 words)

  
 Sumer
The history of Sumer is counted as lasting from about 3500 BCE until 2000 BCE, where after other cultures, based upon the Sumerian, continued the civilization.
The main achievements of the Ubaidians were draining the marshes so that they could be used in agriculture, they developed trade and established industries like weaving, leatherwork, metalwork, masonry and pottery.
Around 4000: Semites move in from the desert of modern Syria and Arabia.
i-cias.com /e.o/sumer.htm   (956 words)

  
 The Truth Seeker - The Piri Reis Map
Prior to 4000 BCE there are supposed to have been no civilizations at all.
In consequence, and particularly by comparison with ourselves, all ancient civilizations, and all their works, are to be understood as essentially primitive (the Sumerian astronomers regarded the heavens with unscientific awe, and even the Pyramids of Egypt were built by "technological primitives").
This profile remained completely hidden from view from 4000 BCE (when the advancing ice-sheet covered it) until it was at last revealed again as a result of the comprehensive seismic survey of Queen Maud Land that was carried out during 1949 by a joint British-Swedish scientific reconnaissance team.
www.thetruthseeker.co.uk /print.asp?ID=82   (2380 words)

  
 Matriarchy.Info - Saharasia: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence
The study and book, titled SAHARASIA: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence, In the Deserts of the Old World, by retired professor James DeMeo, Ph.D., is the culmination of years of library and field research on the subject.
My later review of archaeological and historical patterns demonstrated the same Saharasian pattern extended back in time to around 4000 BC, which was the starting point for both the vast Saharasian desert belt, and the very first child-abusive, sex-repressive, and violent patriarchal authoritarian societies.
The drying up of the Saharasian desert belt was the cause of a vast epoch of generations-long famine, migration and land-abandonment, leading to the first-time appearance of warlike patriarchal authoritarian culture.
matriarchy.info /index.php?option=content&task=view&id=21&Itemid=26   (1590 words)

  
 The Henna Page - The History of Henna
There is very persuasive evidence that henna was used by the Neolithic people in Catal Huyuk, in the 7th millenium BCE to ornament their hands in connection with their fertility goddess.
The religion these people practiced was the predecessor to the religions of all the people in the ancient Middle East, and henna seems to have been used by all of these people as part of their adornment and belief system.
There are many statuettes from Crete and Mycenae from the period 1700 BCE to 900 BCE that show goddesses synchronous with Anath, with raised hands that appear to be ornamented with henna.
www.hennapage.com /henna/history/index.html   (1420 words)

  
 Saharasia: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Saharasia: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence
Saharasia: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence, In the Deserts of the Old World
A devastating climate change at c.4000-3500 BCE converted vast areas of Arabia and Central Asia from lush grassland-forest into dry desert conditions, with a spreading of arid conditions across North Africa to create the vast Sahara Desert, and into the Middle East and Central Asia to create the vast interconnected desert belt: SAHARASIA.
archive.promatriarchy.net /books/recommended/books_movies/saharasia_book.html   (481 words)

  
 Trade in and metal sources for the Indian Bronze Age Civilization   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
A copper workshop from late Ubaid levels at Degirmentepe, on the upper Euphrates and dating to about 4000, is known only from brief preliminary reports, as is the copper workshop from Chalclothic Nors'untepe in Keban area of southeastern Turkey...
A late thirteenth-century BCE ship was excavated off the southern coast of Turkey at Uluburun to the west of Cape Gelidonya.
Despite innovations and changes in the prehistoric sequence of the greater Indus Valley, thee is an essential thread of unity and a strong stamp of cultural identity throughout that underscores the essentially indigenous, deeply rooted nature of Indian civilization.
www.hindunet.org /saraswati/trade1.htm   (8359 words)

  
 Catalog of Transits of Venus
uring the six millennium period 2000 BCE to 4000 CE, Earth experiences 81 transits of Venus across the Sun.
For example, Series 4 (December at Ascending Node) began in -1763 (1764 BCE) and will run through 2854 (a grazing transit) for a total of 20 transits spanning 4617 years.
The terms BCE and CE are abbreviations for "Before Common Era" and "Common Era," respectively.
sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/transit/catalog/VenusCatalog.html   (1733 words)

  
 4004 Bce
The disadvantage of cross cut shredders is that they require more oiling and maintenance then strip cut shredders.
4000 bce - Network Live - Network Live!
The 4004 bc (not bce) cate came from a...
fast-paper-shredders.com /4004-bce.html   (1086 words)

  
 James DeMeo, Origin and Diffusion of Patrism in Saharasia
Saharasia: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence, In the Deserts of the Old World, by James DeMeo, Ph.D. 454 pages, over 100 maps and illustrations, with comprehensive bibliography and index.
As such, they appear to be exceptions which prove the rule: Severe desertification and famine trauma greatly disturbed the original matrist social fabric, and promoted the development of patrist behaviors and social institutions; patrism was, in turn, compounded and intensified by widespread land-abandonment, migratory adjustments, and competition over scarce water resources.
After c.4000-3500 BCE, radical social transformations are apparent in the ruins of previously peaceful, matrist settlements along river valleys in Central Asia, Mesopotamia, and North Africa.
www.orgonelab.org /saharasia.htm   (6860 words)

  
 Timeline of Celtic Establishment in Europe   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
4000 BCE Approximate date of first documented Proto-Indo European culture,which is believed Druidic, near the Black Sea circa.
390 BCE Celts invaded Rome 279 BCE Celts invaded Greece 270 BCE Celts moved in to Galatia (Central Turkey).
200 BCE The Celts occupied the British Isles, Brittany, modern France, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany, and Switzerland.
www.tylwythteg.com /tylwythteg/timeline.html   (392 words)

  
 Saharasia - 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence - David Icke - Tell the Truth!   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Saharasia - 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence - David Icke - Tell the Truth!
Then came the devastating climate change towards aridity, which formed the vast Saharasian desert belt, and humans were literally cast 'out of the garden'.
The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare
www.davidicke.net /tellthetruth/history/saharasian.html   (1469 words)

  
 Learning From Negative Evidence
Developing archaeological knowledge and understanding about past human adaptations and settlement during the ceramic Late Stone Age and early Iron Age (ca.
4000 BC-AD 1000) in the Oti River Valley of Northern Togo was the first goal of the research project.
The second was studying the origins of early farming in this part of savanna West Africa, most commonly associated with the term Kintampo complex in nearby Ghana (see map), a culture that flourished during the second millennium bc.
www.sscnet.ucla.edu /ioa/backdirt/Fallwinter00/oti.html   (879 words)

  
 Iraq Museum International Open Encyclopedia: Music of Mesopotamia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
Ancient Mesopotamian culture was influenced by the Sumerians, about whom far less is known.
The cultures from Ancient Mesopotamia were among the first that developed writing, the first known Sumerian writing dating from 4000 BCE.
Melodically Ancient Mesopotamian music was organized with complex modes and modal types, including pentatonic, diatonic, and chromatic scales, similar to contemporary Arab and Indian music such as in a current raga or maqamat.
www.baghdadmuseum.org /ref/index.php?title=Music_of_Mesopotamia   (710 words)

  
 CELTIC DRUIDISM
Many academics believe that the ancestors of the Celts were the Proto-Indo European culture who lived near the Black Sea circa 4000 BCE.
By 450 BCE they had expanded into Spain; by 400 BCE they were in Northern Italy, and by 270 BCE, they had migrated into Galatia (central Turkey).
By 200 BCE, they had occupied the British Isles, Brittany, much of modern France, Netherlands, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland, North West Spain, and their isolated Galatia settlement in Turkey.
www.religioustolerance.org /druid.htm   (3141 words)

  
 WebHome < Chronology < EdensTrees   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
These summaries area created using real-time searches on the chronological information, thereby eliminating the need for manual summaries of the information from the data record topics.
Modern tradition has been to move from "Before Christ," or B.C., to "Before Common Era," or B.C.E., and from "anno Domini" (Latin for "in the year of the Lord") to "Common Era." This approach is used here but the old suffixes may still be found.
Conquests continue to 323 BCE, at his death.
www.edenstrees.org /twiki/bin/view/Chronology/WebHome   (1631 words)

  
 SAHARASIA: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence, In the Deserts of the Old ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
SAHARASIA: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence, In the Deserts of the Old World - Hotel Resource Book Store
Store Home / Book / SAHARASIA: The 4000 BCE Origins of Child Abuse, Sex-Repression, Warfare and Social Violence, In the Deserts of the Old World
Saharasia is one of the most profound works I've ever come across.
www.hotelresource.com /bookstore/asinsearch_0962185558.html   (366 words)

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