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	Sicilian Expedition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the spring of 414 BC, reinforcements arrived from Athens, consisting of 250 cavalry, 30 mounted archers, and 300 talents of silver (around $180,000), which they used to pay for 400 more cavalry from their Sicilian allies.
		Meanwhile, in early 413 BC Sparta acted on Alcibiades' advice and fortified Decelea, and the force sent to relieve it was destroyed.
		In 411 BC the Athenian democracy was overthrown in favour of an oligarchy, and Persia joined the war on the Spartan side.
	www.lexington-fayette.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Sicilian_Expedition (3135 words)

	MSN Encarta - Aristophanes
		The Knights (424 bc), the first of the plays of Aristophanes to be presented under his own name, is a devastating satire about Athenian politician and military leader Cleon, champion of the democratic forces and leader of the war party.
		The Birds (414 bc) is a fantasy in which an Athenian persuades the birds to build a city in the clouds and then imposes his own terms on the gods.
		Ecclesiazusa (393 bc) is a satire on the idea of communal ownership of property, and Plutus (388 bc) reduced to absurdity the concept of redistribution of wealth in Athens.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761575957/Aristophanes.html (442 words)

	The Peloponnesian War (431-404 BC) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Athenian armada was destroyed in 413 BC, and the captives were sold into slavery.
		In 405 BC the whole remaining Athenian fleet of 180 triremes was captured in the Hellespont at the battle of Aegospotami.
		Besieged by land and powerless by sea, Athens could neither raise grain nor import it, and in 404 BC its empire came to an end.
	www.angelfire.com /ultra/jabrams01/pelopon.html (321 words)

	HistoricalCoins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		From Akragas' first coinage in the late sixth century BC, two symbols predominated on its coins: the eagle and the crab, and the finest master engravers were recruited to create artistic images.
		In the last quarter of the fifth century BC these traditional types were transformed.
		The Carthaginian destruction of the city in 406 BC cut short this brilliant phase of coinage.
	www.cngcoins.com /coin.asp?ITEM_ID=56978 (374 words)

	Island ortigia Photo syracuse (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Soon after Hiero's death a democracy was again established; it lasted from 466 BC to 406 BC During this period Syracuse extended its control over E Sicily and defeated an Athenian expedition (begun in 415 BC by Alcibiades) in a great land and sea battle (414 BC).
		The period from Dionysius the Elder to 212 BC was brilliant in terms of culture.
		The mathematician and physicist Archimedes, born (287 BC) in Syracuse, directed the defense of the city against the Romans and was killed during the sack of the city.
	www.infioratadinoto.it /syracuse.htm (351 words)

	Classical Greek History Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		433 BC Sparta and the Peloponnesian League is established as a counter to the Athenian-dominated Delian League.
		Plato (428-347 BC), philosopher and student of Socrates, is born.
		332 BC Alexander goes to Egypt, founds the city of Alexandria, is declared a son of Amon, and becomes the ruler of Egypt.
	www.tccc.cc.nc.us /swood/251/ClassicalGreekHistoryTimeline.htm (1725 words)

	Syracuse Expedition: 415-413 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In 414 BC Nicias led an attack on Syracuse and was successful in fighting outside its walls.
		In the spring of 414 BC the Athenians took over strategic places outside the city of Syracuse and then the Athenian fleet moved into the Great Harbor of Syracuse.
		The defeat of the Syracuse expedition in 413 BC was the beginning of the end for Athens.
	campus.northpark.edu /history/WebChron/Mediterranean/Syracuse.CP.html (540 words)

	Ancient Drama (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		He soon had imitators, and in 534 BC a contest in tragedy was instituted at an Athenian festival held in honor of Dionysus, the god of wine, fertility, and revelry.
		His seven surviving plays, three of which constitute the only extant trilogy, the Oresteia (458 BC), are richly ambiguous inquiries into the paradoxical relationship between man and the cosmos, in which men are made answerable for their acts, yet recognize that these acts are determined by the gods.
		With the defeat of Athens by Sparta in 404 BC, Old Comedy disappeared; the new authorities would not permit the pointed satire and licentiousness that was at its core.
	www.geocities.com /Broadway/Balcony/7634/ancient_drama.htm (929 words)

	Chicken Details, Meaning Chicken Article and Explanation Guide
		In Aristophanes's comedy The Birds (414 BC) a chicken is called "the Median bird", which points to an introduction from the East.
		In 249 BC, the Roman general Publius Claudius Pulcher had his chickens thrown overboard when they refused to feed before the battle of Drepana, saying "If they won't eat, perhaps they will drink." He promptly lost the battle against the Carthaginians and 93 Roman ships were sunk.
		In 161 BC a law was passed in Rome that forbade the consumption of fattened chickens.
	www.e-paranoids.com /c/ch/chicken.html (1691 words)

	Roman Calendar Introduction
		The Last Roman Calendar -- Introduced 8 BC The Roman calendar that lasts into the present as the Julian calendar was first introduced in its most modern form in the year 8 BC.
		If the period 414 to 46 BC was actually a Luni-Solar calendar, then this period was probably a pure Lunar calendar.
		Roman Calendar used until 714 BC This is the oldest known form of the Roman calendar.
	www.bibletime.com /tool/spec/roman/index.html (1745 words)

	Aristophanes, Greece, ancient Greece
		The Clouds (423 BC) was a satire about Socrates, whose ideas, he believed, where against the interests of the state.
		The Wasps (422 BC) was a satire of the justice courts, The Peace (421 BC) was another plea for peace with Sparta and The Birds (414 BC) was a satire on the Athenian fondness of litigation.
		In Ecclesiazusae (393 BC) he attacks the idea of communal ownerships of property, and Plutus (388 BC) criticizes the concept of redistribution of wealth in Athens.
	www.in2greece.com /english/historymyth/history/ancient/aristophanes.htm (349 words)

	410s BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC
		Decades: 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC 420s BC - 410s BC - 400s BC 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC
		419 BC 418 BC 417 BC 416 BC 415 BC 414 BC 413 BC 412 BC 411 BC 410 BC
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/410s_BC (93 words)

	Syracuse (International Standard Bible Encyclopedia) :: Bible Tools
		The original Corinthian colony rounded in 734 BC (Thucydides vi.3) was confined to the islet Ortygia, which separates the Great Harbor from the sea.
		The Syracusans successfully withstood the famous siege by the Athenians in 414 BC, the narrative of which is the most thrilling part of the work of Thucydides (vi, vii).
		Dionysius took advantage of the fear inspired by the Carthaginians to elevate himself to despotic power in 405 BC, and he was followed, after a reign of 38 years, by his son of the same name.
	bibletools.org /index.cfm/fuseaction/Def.show/RTD/ISBE/ID/8539 (394 words)

	Herbita Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		440 BC New rise of the Sikels prevented by Syracuse, since Trinakie is conquered and destroyed.
		369 BC Renewal of the peace-treaties with Syracuse (Dionysios), which is related to the foundation of Tyndaris by Dionysios.
		317 BC Syracuans seek refuge in Herbita from the tyranny of Agathocles.
	www.bio.vu.nl /home/vwielink/WWW_MGC/Area_I_map/Herbita_map/InfoHerbita.html (106 words)

	DIDASKALIA: Ancient Theater Today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The arguments in favour of the reduction were certain hypotheses to the plays of Aristophanes which list three victors only for the Dionysia of 423, 421, and 414, and a passage in Aristophanes'
		(414 BC - lines 786-9) which has been read as showing that comedy was produced after lunch on the same day as tragedy.
		Almost all the handbooks of ancient drama list these conclusions as fact and attribute the reduction to the economic and social demands of wartime.
	didaskalia.open.ac.uk /issues/vol5no1/storey.html (489 words)

	Sicily Area VIII
		414 BC Athenian army used Etruscan mercenaries (the Tyrrhenoi) against the Syracusians.
		413 BC Campanian mercenaries, recruted by the Chalcidian cities to reinforce the Athenian army, arrived when the Athenian army was already defeated.
		In 410 BC they were hired by the Carthaginians.
	www.bio.vu.nl /home/vwielink/WWW_MGC/Area_VIII_map/Area_VIII.html (416 words)

	Syracuse Destroys the Athenian Attack Force (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Syracuse Destroys Athens' Attack Force, 413 BC The Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta and their allies continued for years in a seesaw pattern of victories and defeats.
		The Athenian fleet arrived in Sicilian waters in November 415 BC and successfully landed its army in preparation for an assault on Syracuse the following Spring.
		In April 414 BC the Athenians began constructing a siege wall around Syracuse while their fleet blocked the mouth of the harbor.
	www.boglewood.com /sicily/athenians.html (355 words)

	5th century BC Details, Meaning 5th century BC Article and Explanation Guide
		Aeschylus of Athens, playwright (525 - 456 BC).
		Sophocles of Athens, playwright (496 - 406 BC).
		Socrates of Athens, philosopher (470 - 399 BC).
	www.e-paranoids.com /5/5t/5th_century_bc.html (156 words)

	Resume of Orders in Council (Vol. 28, No. 19)
		Jean Budden, Vancouver, re-appointed a member of the BC Review Board for a term of 6 months.
		Statutory Authority: Build BC All appointments of members of the Committee on Building British Columbia's Future are rescinded.
		BC Utilities Commission to exempt RFP Power Ltd. from provisions of the Utilities Commission Act.
	www.qp.gov.bc.ca /statreg/oic/2001/resume19.htm (412 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 5th century BC - Calendar Encyclopedia
		CalendarHome.com - 5th century BC - Calendar Encyclopedia
		(6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC - other centuries)
		(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium AD)
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /5th_century_BC.htm (87 words)

	The Hutchinson Dictionary of the Arts: Spanish art@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Whatever the source of its influences, Spanish art has always transformed styles and given them a distinctively Spanish character.
		Spain was under Roman dominance 218 BC-AD 414, and there are extensive Roman architectural remains and some mosaics and fragments of mural painting survive.
		The region was overrun by the Visigoths 414 and by the Arabs 711.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1P1:28924336&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (165 words)

	Miscellenous ancient coins
		It was a powerful state in the 6th centuty B.C. but was weakened by a series of wars with the neighboring kingdom of Magadha and finally (4th cent.
		KarshapanaPeriod of Chandragupta (circa 321 - 297 BC).
		The Kingdom of Kuninda was an ancient central Himalayan kingdom from around the 2nd century BCE to the 3rd century, located in the modern state of Uttaranchal in northern India.
	www.ancientcoins.ca /india.html (2127 words)

	Sicily, Akragas - Ancient Greek Coinage - WildWinds.com
		Early 5th century BC, tooth shaped, Eagle standing left / Crab on base, four pellets.
		Early 5th century BC, almond shaped cast bronze, perhaps a weight.
		338-287 BC, Laureate head of Zeus left / Eagle left, with wings spread, holding hare in its talons, which it attacks with its beak, D behind.
	www.wildwinds.com /coins/greece/sicily/akragas/i.html (1115 words)

	Gylippus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gylippus was a Spartan general of the 5th century BC; he was the son of Cleandridas, who had been expelled from Sparta for accepting Athenian bribes in 446 BC and had settled at Thurii.
		When Alcibiades urged the Spartans to send a general to lead the Syracusan resistance against the Athenian expedition, Gylippus was appointed (414 BC), and his arrival was a turning point of the struggle.
		Diodorus, probably following Timaeus, represents him as inducing the Syracusans to pass sentence of death on the captive Athenian generals, but there is also the statement of Philistus (Plutarch, Nicias, 28), a Syracusan who himself took part in the defence, and Thucydides (vii.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/G/Gylippus.htm (264 words)

	Learn more about 5th century BC in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Learn more about 5th century BC in the online encyclopedia.
		Hint: Play with putting spaces before and after your words to see the different results you get.
		5th century BC 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC - other centuries)
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /5/5t/5th_century_bc.html (137 words)

	India, page 1
		The earliest Indian coinage began about 600 BC in the Ganges valley and adjacent regions with a series of punchmarked issues.
		Period of the Eight Sons of Mahapadma Nanda (circa 340 - 320 BC)
		Although attributed to the period of the Avanti Kingdom by Mitchiner, and to the area around Malwa, other sources report that these coins are only found to the northeast, in the Surasena area (Mathura).
	www.grifterrec.com /coins/india/ancientindia.html (687 words)

	Aristphanes Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In his play The Clouds, Aristophanes complains that other playwrights are copying his plots and ideas; if this was true, it suggests that his comedies were very popular.
		Written in the style of Old Comedy, Aristophanes' plays reflect the social and political climate in Athens as it declined in power toward the end of the fifth century B.C. The son of a wealthy citizen, Aristophanes was a member of the prosperous, conservative Athenian middle class.
		Among the best-known are The Clouds (42 3 B.C.) I The Wasps (422 BC), Peace (421 BC), The Birds (414 BC), Lysistrata (411 BC), and The Frogs (405 BC).
	www.ripon.edu /Faculty/Amsdenr/THE231/GreekTheatreFolder/AristophanesPage.html (1402 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Note that this might not be as updated as the short.txt file is, it's just a way for me to keep notes.
		The first war I have information about starts at 500 BC.
		- 501 BC 448 - 432 BC (17) 420 - 414 BC (7) 403 - 357 BC (47) 322 - 265 BC (58) 240 - 219 BC (22) 145 BC - 336 (482) Roman wars probably exist here.
	tomas.nocrew.org /grow/missing_years.txt (120 words)

	Quotation Search - Quote Search - The Quotations Page
		The wise learn many things from their enemies.
		Aristophanes (450 BC - 388 BC), 450-385 BC, Birds, 414 BC
		Men of sense often learn from their enemies.
	www.quotationspage.com /search.php3?Author=Aristophanes&file=other (154 words)

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