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Topic: 438 BCE

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	Parthenon - free-definition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		As well as being a temple, the Parthenon was used as a treasury, and from 454 BCE was the location of the treasury of the Delian League, which later became the Athenian Empire.
		Construction began in 447 BCE and the building was substantially completed by 438 BCE, but work on the decorations continued until at least 433 BCE.
		In 454 BCE, the Delian League's treasury was moved from the Panhellenic sanctuary at Delos to the the Acropolis.
	www.free-definition.com /Parthenon.html (1764 words)

	[No title]
		By the end of the sixth century, philosophers begin to question the metaphysical nature of the cosmos with inquiries into the nature of being, the meaning of truth, and the relationship between the divine and the physical world.
		Born in 480 BCE, he is the last of the tragic dramatists.
		342-270 BCE) and Zeno, the Stoic (not to be confused with Zeno of Elea), believe in an individualistic and materialistic philosophy.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/grpage.htm (1827 words)

	The Sources of Myth
		Born in Eleusis in 525 BCE, he was the son of a nobleman and had previously had a glorified life: he had fought in the Persian Wars [details in one the play bearing the country's name], including Marathon.
		He was born around 450 BCE in Athens but spent much of his early life on the island of Aegina.
		He died around 438 BCE in Argos, but he was so admired that when Alexander the Great destroyed Thebes a near century later, he ordered Pindar's house be spared.
	www.areopagus.net /grksources.htm (1648 words)

	Encyclopedia: Parthenon
		It was built under the general supervision of the sculptor Phidias, who also had charge of the sculptural decoration.
		Construction began in 447 BC and the building was substantially completed by 438 BC, but work on the decorations continued until at least 433 BC.
		Some of the financial accounts for the Parthenon survive, and show that the largest single expense was transporting the stone from Mount Pentelicus, about 16 kilometres from Athens, to the Acropolis.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Parthenon (4123 words)

	Athens
		This age saw such great minds as Herodotus, the first Greek historian, Thucydides, who recorded the events of the Peloponnesian War, and the great classical dramatists, Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides, whose works were performed in the Theater of Dionysus at the southern foot of the Acropolis.
		A joint shrine of Athena and Poseidon Erechteus was finished after 395 BCE, and owes its curious plan to the sacrosanct nature of the sanctuaries that preceded it.
		By the 7th century the inner area becomes a quarter of potters and smiths and the outer, which is the cemetery, is separated by the city wall.
	www.ctsp.co.il /LBS%20pages/LBS_athens.htm (1269 words)

	Simeiz.net - Green Planet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Prehistoric Crimea was occupied by the Celtic Cimmerians from perhaps the 15th centuries BCE to the 7th century BCE, when the Sythians expelled them.
		In 438 BCE the archon (ruler) of Panticapaeum assumed the title of king of Bosporus.
		In 63 BCE, after the king of Pontus had died, the Roman general Pompey interfered in the arrangement and assigned the kingdom to the Bosphoran king's son as a reward the for his assistance to Rome.
	www.simeiz.net /eng/hersones.html (364 words)

	Timebase Multimedia Chronography(TM) - Timebase 2000-01
		771 BCE The Chou dynasty in China is forced to abandon its western capital in Hao, of the Wei River Valley and move its seat eastward to Loyang due to the threat of a barbarian invasion.
		400-300 BCE The Celts settle in the Danube-Sava basin.
		312 BCE Seleucus Nicator, one of Ptolemy's generals in Syria, establishes a kingdom ranging from Syria in the west to India in the east (approximately the scope of the ancient Assyrian or Babylonian Empires) and founds the Seleucid empire.
	humanitas-international.org /showcase/chronography/timebase/b-c-e.htm (5647 words)

	Literary Encyclopedia: Tragedy
		There are fragments of a number of these plays, including some that occur as quotations in the satirical comedies of Aristophanes (for example, The Frogs and The Poet and the Women), but only a tiny handful of complete examples survives, accidentally preserved for posterity because of their popularity – perhaps suitability – as school texts.
		The works of Euripides (active 438-406 BCE), however, indicate the range of plays that might be considered “tragic”.
		All of the known examples of his plays occupied tragedy slots at the festival with the exception of the Cyclops, the only complete surviving satyr play by any writer, and Alcestis, a play with a serious tragic situation but a happy ending engineered by the demi-God Hercules, which was also given in the satyr slot.
	www.litencyc.com /php/stopics.php?rec=true&UID=1132 (2272 words)

	ArtLex on Greek Art
		Homer (Greek, 8th century BCE) in his Iliad, was fought between Troy and Mycenae in the 13th century.
		Shallow bowl, Late Hellenistic, 1st century BCE, fused mosaic glass, height 3.43 cm, diameter 13 cm, George Ortiz collection.
		Greece in the 5th Century BCE and of
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/g/greek.html (1068 words)

	Sacred Places: Athenian Acropolis, Greece
		During the Classical period of the 5th century BCE in Athens, following the destructions of earlier temples by the Persians, the Greek general and statesman, Pericles (c.
		The Propylaea (gateway) and the Parthenon were completed during his lifetime, but work on the Temple of Athena Nike and the Erechtheum was not begun until after his death.
		Completed in 438 BCE as a temple dedicated to Athena, the patron goddess of Athens, the Parthenon celebrates her in her aspect as a virgin goddess.
	witcombe.sbc.edu /sacredplaces/acropolis.html (700 words)

	Ancient Mythological Literary Sources
		552-468 BCE) - "Perseus and Danae," "Europa;" Epigrams; Encomia ("On the Sea Battle of Salamis"); Epitaphs ("To the Dead at Thermopylae").
		He was known to have written several collections of Hymns, but most of these have been lost.
		Vergil (70 BCE-19 BCE, Roman) - Eclogues or Bucolics (pastoral poetry); Georgics (agricultural, didactic poetry); Aeneid (epic saga of Aeneas and his founding of the Roman people in Italy).
	faculty.valencia.cc.fl.us /eshaw/mythsrcs.htm (841 words)

	Images About Religion
		A rare specimen of Greek painting in the Archaic period (540 BCE), it represents a sacrificial scene.
		Parapet around this temple was composed of marble slabs decorated on the outside with fine reliefs depicting winged Victories with folded or extended wings setting up trophies or leading sacrificial animals to honors Athena.
		Slab from the Parthenon frieze (447-438 BCE), with three hydria-bearers (water-jug carriers), a fourth at the right has bent over to lift his pitcher.
	www.uark.edu /campus-resources/dlevine/ReligionImages.html (1066 words)

	Japhethmadai
		640-587 BCE the Greeks in Athens, via their kindred in Ionia, that is the coast of Asia Minor, are aware of the existence of the Medes.
		Stern has noted that in the course of the 8th and 7th centuries BCE Greek pottery penetrated Judah, Edom, Moab and Ammon. Greek mercenaries served the Saite Pharaohs and were employed by them in reclaiming Palestine-Syria as an Egyptian sphere of influence as Assyrian power and influence waned during this period (cf.
		Although Jeremiah in 587-582 BCE prophecized that God would use the Medes to destroy Babylon and set his people free, the author of the Primary History (562-560 BCE) probably was unaware of this prophecy.
	www.bibleorigins.net /Japhethmadai.html (4490 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However, the Athenian acropolis was demolished during the Persian invasion in 480 BCE and reconstructed between 447 to 432 BCE.
		Replacing the Hekatompedon of Peisistratus, which burnt down during the Persian attack on Athens in 480 BCE, the Parthenon was built between 447 and 438 BCE in the Doric order.
		The Erechtheion was constructed in the Ionic order in 420 BCE Like the Parthenon, the Erechtheion was separated into two sections, which were intended for the worship of the two main gods of Attica--Athena and Poseidon-Erechtheus.
	alpha.furman.edu /~mcknight/pap7.htm (511 words)

	Education of girls in 5th Century Athens (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		One example is a red figure pelike from around 450-420 BCE, in which we see two women, one seated and playing an instrument similar to a lyre and the other standing and playing a flute (Beck 60).
		He points to the Nike on the tondo of a red figure cup from 475-450 BCE that features a girl reading in side A as evidence for this claim (55).
		Beck points to a red figure cup from about 460-450 BCE that depicts a girl carrying such tablets being "conducted to school" as possible evidence that girls might have gone to schools outside of their homes (55).
	www.iwu.edu /~jsimpson/greekedu.html (2067 words)

	Classical Studies (humanities.classics) FAQ
		I don't take it that way; Jesus wasn't born in exactly 1 A.D., and saying BCE and CE makes it clear we are using the conventional year-numbering rather than counting years from the actual birth of Christ.
		Menander dates: 342-289 BCE language of composition: Greek genre: drama style: New Comedy diff : 7 works: The Grouch, She Who Was Shorn, The Samian, Dis Exapaton (The Double Deceiver) fun fact: Menander was for the most part lost until this century, when numerous papyrus fragments of Menander came to light.
		Thucydides dates: 460-400 BCE language of composition: Greek genre: prose history style: some poeticisms, elliptical, likes antithesis diff : 10 (hardest prose author) works: Peloponnesian War fun fact: His account of Pericles' funeral oration, a wonderful piece of pro- Athenian propaganda, is followed by a harrowing account of the plague that struck Athens shortly afterward.
	www.cs.uu.nl /wais/html/na-dir/classics-faq.html (4425 words)

	Slide Lists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Engravings of owl and horse, Chauvet cave, France (30,000 BCE).
		1878—1841 B.C.E.; Dynasty 12, reign of Senwosret III; Middle Kingdom Quartzite; H. 6 1/2 in.
		The Blinding of Polyphemos and Gorgons (675-650 BCE).
	www2.marianopolis.edu /wheatcroft/Website/html/slide_lists1.html (396 words)

	438 BC - Iridis Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		438 BC es:438 adC lb:-438 Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC
		Years: 443 BC 442 BC 441 BC 440 BC 439 BC - 438 BC - 437 BC 436 BC 435 BC 434 BC 433 BC
		Ictinus and Callicrates finish the Parthenon, located on Athens' Acropolis.
	www.iridis.com /438_BCE (77 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Greece
		Xenophon (c.428-c.354 BCE): The Polity of the Spartans, c.
		The Acharnians 425 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
		The Wasps 422 BCE [At Eserver, formerly ERIS]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook07.html (2613 words)

	438 BC - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about 438 BC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		438 BC is not available in the Hutchinson encyclopedia.
		You may also use the word browser links:
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /438+BC (80 words)

	Greek Architecture
		Most of the temples were built during the 400's bce, although admittedly built atop more ancient structures.
		The capitals are in the Corinthian style, and the columns are in drum sections.
		The Temple of Athena at Priene, built after 350 bce by the Roman architect Pytheos in the Ionic style.
	www.accd.edu /sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/GreekA.htm (369 words)

	AP History
		It was Pericles, who ruled Athens 462-429 BCE, that encouraged Athenians to rebuild the Acropolis that had been destroyed by the Persians in 480 BCE.
		Completed in 438 BCE, construction was directed by Pheidias, who spared no expense at the project.
		The artists of the fourth century BCE experimented with new subjects and new artistic styles, that turned away from the rigid conventions of the High Classical period.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /llefler/ch5ah.htm (866 words)

	Image List for Vergil's Thesaurus
		Denarius of Julius Caesar (47 BCE): Aeneas carrying Anchises and Palladium (1.
		The statue, commissioned by Augustus in 20 BCE and signed “Cleomenes the Athenian,” portrays Marcellus as a heroic nude figure in the Greek style.
		Warrior-head aryballos, a tiny Greek vase from the sixth century BCE (10.
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/thesaurusimages.html (838 words)

	ArtLex's Dj-Dz page
		The Parthenon, 477-438 BCE, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, of bearing masonry, cut stone, in a style called the Doric order, on the historic acropolis of Athens.
		Dotaku, Yayoi Period, 2nd-1st century BCE, bronze bell, height 42.7 cm, reportedly excavated in Kagawa Prefecture, Tokyo National Museum.
		Drapery varies amongst fabrics of different weights, textures, colors, and patterns, either hanging straight, disturbed by wind, or by parts of a body or an object in some relationship to it.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/Dj.html (4089 words)

	BACKGROUND TO HOMER:
		Just as any performer today could sing "I left my heart in San Francisco" even if he or she has never been west of the Mississippi, we must always keep in mind that what a lyric poet writes is not necessarily confined by the limits of his/her own experiences.
		He flourished in the mid-600's BCE, and is thus probably the earliest of the "lyric" poets.
		Pindar (ca 518-438 BCE), from the city of Thebes in central Greece, was the greatest composer of Greek choral lyric.
	faculty.wm.edu /wehutt/207notes.html (4842 words)

	[No title]
		Dying Warrior, east pediment of the Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, 480 BCE
		Warrior A, Found near Riace, Italy, 460-450 BCE, bronze with bone and glass eyes, silver teeth, copper lips and nipples, height 6'8".
		Sculptures of the East Pedicment of the Parthenon, 438-432 BCE, marble, over-lifesize.
	people.hsc.edu /faculty-staff/maryp/fa110/FA110Midterm2002.htm (433 words)

	Solar Eclipses of Saros 138
		In this catalog, dates are counted using the astronomical numbering system which recognizes the year 0.
		Historians should note the numerical difference of one year between astronomical dates and BCE dates.
		Thus, the year 0 corresponds to 1 BCE, and year -100 corresponds to 101 BCE, etc..
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/SEsaros/SEsaros138.html (923 words)

	THE PARTHENON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		High on the Acropolis (also known as the sacred rock) stands the Parthenon overlooking the city of Athens.
		Between the years 447-438 BCE the Athenians built a palace for their goddess, Athena, a palace that still continues to be an influence in today’s architecture (Pomeroy 271).
		The Acropolis was the spiritual focus of the city of Athens, and was the home of numerous chief gods and rulers (Pomeroy 274).
	www.public.asu.edu /~akanders (347 words)

	Greek Architecture
		550-530 BCE, "Basilica" Temple of Hera I, Paestum
		447-438 BCE, Temple of Hephaistos, by Kallikrates, Athens
		438-432 BCE, The Parthenon, by Iktinos & Kallikrates, Athens, Acropolis
	www.oberlin.edu /staff/jromano/ARCH/grarch.html (447 words)

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