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Topic: 44 BCE

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	BCE - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		BCE is a TLA (Three Letter Acronym) that may stand for:
		British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority (AAR reporting mark BCE)
		This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/BCE (135 words)

	44 BC
		44 BC Guajara in other languages: Spanish, Deutsch, French, Italian...
		44 BC Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century
		March 15 - Ides of March: Julius Caesar, dictator of Rome, is assassinated by a group of Roman senators.
	www.guajara.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/4/44/44_bc.html (209 words)

	Chronology of Jubilees Background about Jubilee years and when they happened. Believersweb.org
		If the current year (44-43 BCE) did correspond to the cited 2nd year of the land-use agreement then it might be possible to interpret this passage to mean that the respective year did correspond to a 7th year (as celebrated by the Jews).
		The year 37-36 BCE is noted to have been both a 7th year and a 70th year in a second passage of 'Antiquities of the Jews'.
		Because a jubilee year would hypothetically have been celebrated in the year 422-421 BCE (autumn-to-autumn), it is clear that the year when Ezra arrived at Jerusalem (autumn-to-autumn of 458-457 BCE) would have corresponded with a Sabbatical year of the 50-year cycle (the 2nd Sabbatical of the cited jubilee cycle).
	www.believersweb.org /view.cfm?ID=1000 (5908 words)

	[No title]
		Their conservative government consists of a kingship, resembling the traditional values of the patriarchal family; an assembly, composed of male citizens of military age; and a Senate, comprised of elders who serve as the heads of different community sects.
		Their major contributions to the Romans are the arch and the vault, gladiatorial combat for entertainment and the study of animals to predict future events.
		52 BCE: Rome - Pompey is elected as sole consul by the Senate, and Caesar is declared an enemy of the Roman Republic.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/ropage.htm (2961 words)

	Wikinfo \| Judea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In 63 BCE, Aristobulus was besieged in Jerusalem by his brother's armies and the situation was desperate.
		Caesar and Antipater were killed in 44 BCE, and Herod (Antipater's son) was appointed as governor (tetrarch) by Rome 41 BCE.
		Between 41 and 44 CE Judea regained its relative autonomy, when Herod Agrippa was made king by the emperor Claudius.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Judea (707 words)

	R-MC Academics: Classics
		In 44 BC Caesar is given the title "dictator perpetuus" or dictator for life, and during the Feast of the Lupercalia he declined the crown.
		Caesar was murdered on the Ides of March (March 15) 44 BC by the conspirators, most well know Brutus and Cassius.
		It is unknown as to whether Cleopatra was in Rome at the time of Caesar's murder, but if her were going to invade Parthia he would have surely needed her help in funding the invasion.
	www.rmc.edu /directory/academics/classics/cleoclass/caesar2.asp (399 words)

	Vergil's Aeneid (Myth-Folklore Online)
		He was born in 70 BCE., as the country was recovering from the slave uprising led by Spartacus, that had lasted from 73-71 BCE.
		Julius Caesar was later assassinated in 44 BCE, and Pompey was assassinated in 48 BCE.
		By the time Vergil came to Rome in 41 BCE, all the members of the first triumvirate were dead, and Rome was being ruled by a new triumvirate: Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian (who was a close relation of Julius Caesar).
	www.mythfolklore.net /3043mythfolklore/reading/aeneid/background.htm (900 words)

	publius_ovidius_naso's Xanga Site
		44 BCE - the Ides of March (March 15) Caesar is assasinated, this event marks the end of the Roman Republic
		42 BCE - the second triumvirate is formed legally by a senatorial proclomation, with hopes of "restoring the republic".
		Cicero is at the top of the list, and is killed, his hands and tounge are nailed to the rostrum, where he had given speeches during his life.
	www.xanga.com /home.aspx?user=publius_ovidius_naso (653 words)

	History of the Hellenistic and Roman World
		Short timeline of the major events of the Hellenistic and Roman World from 300 BCE to the year 1 CE.
		The most famous person of his age of whom it was said that "one man alone was the prop of the Roman Empire", he was instrumental in shaping the policies that made Rome the unchallenged mistress of the Mediterranean.
		As dictator of Rome, he launched a series of political and social reforms before he was assasinated by a group of nobles in the Senate House on the Ides of March.
	www.fenrir.dk /history (334 words)

	Art and Propaganda in Ancient Rome
		In 44 BCE he declared himself dictator for life, but was murdered by a crew of strict republicans on the Ides of March 44 BCE.
		It was founded by the Senate in 13 BCE in honor of Augustus' safe return from his campaigns in Spain and Gaul and dedicated in 9 BCE.
		She was remarried to Octavian in 38 BCE and in 35 BCE was declared sacrosanct.
	www.students.sbc.edu /smith04/ancientrome.html (3282 words)

	Tekhelet Timeline
		Tell-el-Amarna Tablets (1500-1300 BCE) – The phrase subatu sa takilti - a garment of tekhelet - is listed as one of the precious articles sent to Egypt by Dusratta, King of the Mittani, as dowry to the Egyptian prince who was about to marry his daughter.
		Tel Shikmona Vat (circa 1200 BCE) – Chemical analysis of dye stains on an ancient vat are found to be molecularly equivalent to dye from Murex snails.
		Dye Use Restrictions (100 BCE - 68 CE) – Caesar (100-44 BCE) and Augustus (63 BCE -14 CE) restricted the use of the dyes to governing classes.
	www.tekhelet.com /timeline.htm (949 words)

	Julius Caesar, Romans (Photo Archive)
		Caesar was born in 102 or 100 BCE into the ancient patrician family of the Iulii who claimed ancestry from Aeneas of Troy, one of the mythical founders of Rome, and the goddess Venus, but few members of the family had distinguished themselves in the previous generations.
		In 56 BCE the alliance of Caesar, Crassus and Pompey met fierce opposition in the senate in Rome and one candidate for the consulship in 55 BCE promised to call back Caesar and prosecute him if he won the election.
		In 48 BCE he held his second consulate, in 47 BCE he was dictator again, in 46 BCE third time consul and dictator, in 45 BCE consul for the fourth time and dictator and finally in 44 BCE fifth time consul and dictator for life.
	sights.seindal.dk /sight/766_Julius_Caesar-all.html (5389 words)

	Overheads - LIT 102 - Spring 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		When the ransom was paid, and he was released, he immediately went to Miletus, took command of a squadron of ships, hunted down his former captors, and had them crucified to the last man.
		53 BCE: Crassus was defeated by the Parthians in the battle of Carrhae and lost his life.
		44 BCE the Ides of March: killed by a conspiracy of aristocratic partisans led by Cassius and Brutus.
	web.syr.edu /~dhmills/lit102/102ovrhd.htm (2083 words)

	Ancient Roman Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		265 BCE: Rome initiates the Punic Wars with Carthage, an oligarchic empire stretching from the northern coast of Africa to the Strait of Gibraltar.
		52 BCE: Pompey is elected as sole consul by the Senate, and Caesar is declared an enemy of the Roman Republic.
		On a charge that he intends to make himself king, he is assassinated on the Ides of March (44 BCE) by a group leadership led by Brutus and Cassius.
	www.crystalinks.com /romehistory.html (3100 words)

	Hist6
		Caesar was murdered in 44 BCE by Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Longinus Cassius, part of a conspiracy to restore the Roman republic.
		In 40 BCE Antigonus, the son of Aristobolus, having allied himself with the Parthians, and succeeded in taking control of Jerusalem.
		In the meantime, Herod fled from Masada to the Romans, and in 40 BCE he came to Rome, gaining the confidence of Antonius and Octavian (Lepidus was out of the picture at this point).
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Hist6.htm (3676 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Since Caesar's opponents were afraid of him, the senators took care that provinces of the smallest importance would be assigned to the newly elected consul: they could not run the risk of letting Caesar secure a province involving the command of an army.
		In the spring of 44, an expeditionary force was on its way to the east, where Crassus's death had to be avenged.
		In the first century BCE the Roman Republic changed into a Mediterranean empire, and Julius Caesar speeded up this process; Caesar Augustus was the executor of this will.
	www.cs.uh.edu /~clifton/caesar.html (8828 words)

	The Roman Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		There was a gradual enfranchisement of the plebeians, the non-senatorial free population: in 450 BCE, the publication of Twelve Tablets gave everyone access to consistent written law, similar to what happened with the Code of Hammurabi (1150 BCE) and the laws of Draco (650 BCE).
		The revolt of the Gracchi brothers in the third century BCE resulted in the institution of the office of the tribune of the plebs, which represented them politically.
		The first triumvirate (60-45 BCE) consisted of Caesar, Crassus, Pompey, and ended in civil war and dictatorship by Caesar, who was assassinated in 44 BCE.
	www.religion.ucsb.edu /faculty/thomas/classes/rgst80a/lectures/lec16.html (1097 words)

	Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Dating is in the secular BCE and BC dating.
		BCE stands for Before Common Era, which correlates to BC in the Latin dating.
		Second Triumvirate rules from 44 BCE to 33 BCE.
	www.lebtahor.com /historytimeline/timelinechart.htm (963 words)

	Exhibits- Triumvirate
		Following the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE, Caesar's general and consul in Rome, Antonius, likely expected to be voiced in his will as an heir to his fortune, estate, or political reputation.
		However, Octavian, a boy of eighteen and grandnephew to Caesar, was declared to be his adopted son, inheriting his name and some of his fortune, with the rest being bequeathed to the people of Rome.
		On November 27th, 43 BCE, Antonius, Octavian, and the Pontifex Maximus, Lepidus, formulated what is known as the Second Triumvirate to rule over the former Republic.
	oldmoney.vassar.edu /exhibits/triumvirate/1.shtml (829 words)

	Roman
		Defeated by Octavian at battle of Actium in 31 BCE and commits suicide with Cleopatra in Egypt.
		After the assassination of Caesar in 44 BC, Antony, Gaius Octavius (later the Roman emperor Agustus), and Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, formed the Second Triumvirate and divided the Roman Empire among themselves.
		Agustus, (Octavian), 44 BCE to 14 CE Agustus, struck 19-18 BCE.
	home1.gte.net /vze3xycv/RulersCoins/romanpic.htm (4063 words)

	Roman-Jerusalem through Coins
		In 49 BCE The Roman Republican period ends with the conclusion of the civil war which breaks out between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great, the Roman general who conquered Jerusalem.
		Julius Caesar defeated Pompey on the battlefield in 48 BCE.
		When Julius Caesar is murdered in Rome in 44 BCE a new Triumvirate is formed whose most important members are Mark Antony who was a loyal lieutenant of Julius Caesar and Octavian, Julius Caesar's nephew (actually the Grandson of his sister).
	home1.gte.net /~vze3xycv/Jerusalem/confRomanRep.htm (376 words)

	The Use of Livia at the End of Season Five
		Livia Drusilla, daughter of Marcus Livius Drusus Claudianus, was born in 58 BCE, and married Octavian in 38 BCE.
		We are EITHER twenty-five years after the assassination of Gaius Julius Caesar (19 BCE), making Octavian 44 years old, bearing the title "Augustus" for 8 years, and married to Livia for 19 years.
		So, if we DO say, however, that Eve is Livia, her marriage to Octavian would have taken place in 38 BCE, SEVEN years before she is born (if you go by 31 BCE as the year Eve was born).
	www.whoosh.org /issue52/jack1.html (2165 words)

	SparkNotes: The Roman Empire (60 BCE-160 CE): From Republic to Dictatorship: Caesar to Octavian (50--30 BCE)
		In 47 BCE, Caesar returned from the East, and was publicly pardoned by the Senate.
		In 47 BCE he renewed the Senate, raising its numbers to 900, appointing great numbers of his supporters.
		One of them, the competent general Marcus Antonius who was Consul in 44, came to temporary leadership of the group, declaring an amnesty to the conspirators.
	www.sparknotes.com /history/european/rome3/section1.html (3189 words)

	Malaspina Great Books - Gaius Julius Caesar (c. 100 BCE)
		Gaius Julius Caesar, born Rome,; (probably) 100 BC, died March 15, 44 BC, was a Roman military leader and dictator.
		It is certain, however, that his apparent arrogance and ambition brought him great unpopularity and the suspicion of his peers.
		Caesar was assassinated in the Roman Senate on the Ides of March of 44 BC, stabbed by a group of conspirators who believed in preserving the republic.
	www.malaspina.org /home.asp?topic=./search/details&lastpage=./search/results&ID=56 (1591 words)

	Caesar and Cicero: A Case Study in Roman Politics
		The middle of the first century BCE was a time of great turmoil in the
		The old, traditional notions of shared governance among the Senate, the magistrates and the people was on the verge of collapse as individuals like Caesar strove for absolute power.
		Your readings are drawn from Cicero's political speeches and private correspondence (found in Cicero, Selected Works) and are listed below in chronological sequence, interspersed with key moments in the lives of these two individuals who struggled for the control or survival of the Republic.
	www.skidmore.edu /classics/cc200/caesarandcicero.html (814 words)

	Instructor Class Description (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		509 BCE) to the death of Julius Caesar (44 BCE).
		We will then focus on the advent of empire in the second century BCE and the effects of empire on Roman society.
		Topics include: the land-army problem, the use of the tribunate, the plight of those dispossessed by political struggles, the military dynasty, civil war, and the question of decadence.
	www.washington.edu /students/icd/S/ancmedh/312sjoshel.html (225 words)

	Rome Readings
		Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE): Caesar and Vercingetorix, 52 BCE [At Hillsdale]
		Sallust (prob.86-35 BCE): The Catiline Conspiracy, 63 BCE [At Princeton]
		Horace (65-8 BCE): Secular hymn, and Vergil (70-19 BCE): Aeneid, VI.ii.789-800, 847-853.
	www.northern.edu /marmorsa/romeonlinereadings.htm (1535 words)

	The True Authorship of the New Testament
		In 66 BCE (Before Common Era) Pompey (one of the famous rulers of the triumvirate, which included Julius Caesar and Crassus) took over the military campaign against Pontus from Lucullus.
		It was in the year 66 BCE that Pompey (member of the triumvirate with Julius Caesar and Crassus) was given Lucullus' command against Mithridates of Pontus.
		Of course the date 66 was not known in 66 BCE, but the date 66 CE ascribed to the Battle of Jerusalem would have made it so after the fact.
	www.fargonasphere.com /piso (5901 words)

	Julius Caesar: his death
		On 15 March 44 BCE, the Roman dictator Julius Caesar was murdered.
		There are several accounts of this incident, but the most famous and probably most accurate is the one that was written by Caesar's biographer Caius Suetonius Tranquillus (c.70-c.135), who seems to have had access to imperial archives and may have consulted eyewitness accounts.
		He met Caesar when the latter was governor of Andalusia in 61; he briefly served in Gaul and took care of Caesar's interests in the city of Rome during his absence.
	www.livius.org /caa-can/caesar/caesar_t09.html (1143 words)

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