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Topic: 47 Ronin

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Ronin

Hara kiri

Han (Japan)

Samurai

Sepuku

The Seven Samurai

Nihongi

Edo era

Bakufu

Kiri sute gomen

Bushido

Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu

Edo period

Go (board game)

Revenge

	Ronin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ronin is a movie directed by John Frankenheimer in 1998 which transfers the ronin concept to 20th-century Europe.
		Ronin is a graphic novel by Frank Miller in which a ronin is re-incarnated in a dystopic future New York.
		There is also a parallel to the shame of the original ronin, in failing to pass the exam, as well as a darker parallel - the suicide rates of modern-day ronin are significantly higher than their contemporaries'.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ronin (655 words)

	Forty-seven Ronin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Incense burns at the burial graves of the 47 Ronin at Sengakuji.
		The tale of the Forty-Seven Ronin (also known as the Forty-Seven Samurai, the Akō vendetta, or in Japanese as the "akō rōshi" (赤穂浪士 Akō Masterless Samurai) or the "genroku akō jiken" (元禄赤穂事件 Genroku Akō Incident)) is a prototypical Japanese story.
		The ronin gathered, and Ōishi, with a lantern, saw that it was indeed Kira - as a final proof, his head bore the scar from Asano's attack.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/47_samurai (3640 words)

	The 47 Ronin
		The story of the 47 Ronin is one of the most celebrated in the history of the samurai.
		47 of them gathered on 14 December 1702 and, after donning the armor and taking up the weapons from the cache, they set out on their revenge on that same snowy night.
		The Revenge of the 47 Ronin continued to spark controversy throughout the Edo Period.
	www.samurai-archives.com /ronin.html (1271 words)

	Tale of the 47 Ronin
		The true story of the 47 ronin (masterless samurai) of the province of Harima is probably the best-known story of the valor and ideals (the Code of Bushido) of Japan's famous samurai warriors.
		Should he spare the 47 ronin in recognition of their great display of bushido and their defense of their Lord Asano's honor, or should they be punished according to the law.
		Today, the memory of the 47 ronin is celebrated in a play called Chusingura which moves the audience to tears and excitement as it develops the theme of the magnificent sacrifice of the 47 ronin.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /duchamp/410/47ronin.html (1253 words)

	PCM > The Mystery of 47 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Becoming ronin (masterless samurai), Takumi's 47 followers swore to avenge their dead master in a story that lives on as the Legend of the 47 Ronin.
		And when I was told that 47 degrees is the approximate azimuth angle of an object on the horizon which passes through the zenith at the latitude of Claremont, there was just a bit of wonder mixed into my blank stare.
		Maybe, in the final analysis, it's not the occurrence of 47 in nature that is important but the number's ability to evoke a feeling of nostalgia for Pomona--to awaken, in a glance, all those sleeping memories of life here.
	www.pomona.edu /Magazine/pcmfl00/1.shtml (2398 words)

	Chushingura Text (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Because of his previous dereliction of duty, the other ronin are uncertain that he is qualified to join in their vendetta.
		The ronin, dressed as policemen, test the loyalty of the merchant Amakawaya Gihei, with whom the have contracted to provide the arms and armor for the conspirators.
		Each ronin also wears a small wooden tag inscribed with one of the symbols of the Japanese syllabary as a means of identification.
	www.ku.edu /~sma/chushin/chushtxt.htm (2116 words)

	The Loyal 47 Ronin
		Instead of showing the ritual suicide of the heroic Ronin M shows a brave young woman, betrothed to one of the Ronin, demanding an explanation of why she cannot see her finance before he kills himself.
		The actions of the 47 Ronin posed a serious problem for the shogun (compare the actions of Antigone vs King Creon) because the demands of private morality (samurai loyalty to their feudal lord) clashed with the demands of public law and order.
		The Ronin's behaviour reinforced traditional notions of samurai warrior ethics at a time when the warrior code had become much less honoured as a result of 100 years of peace since the end of the civil war period.
	homepage.mac.com /dmhart/WarFilms/OldGuides/Loyal47Ronin.html (2095 words)

	Chushingura (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The story of the 47 Ronin is familiar to every student of Japanese history, but most accounts, slide over the events of the seven weeks following the attack on Kira's mansion.
		The Ronin were undoubtedly legally wrong, and yet, their actions were in accord with the official moral pronouncements of the government.
		On the 4th of February 1703, representatives of the Shogun carried the word to the Ronin that would be kindly permitted to die by their own hand to repent the crime of having disturbed the peace and order of the capitol.
	www.arco-iris.com /George/47ronin.htm (1189 words)

	W.M. Hawley - Feature: The Famous 47 Ronin of Ako
		This historical event relates to the revenge killing by the samurai who were made ronin (samurai without a master) by the death of their lord by ordered seppuku.
		In the spring of 1701, the Tokugawa shogunate was preparing for the reception of the Imperial messengers and lord Asano Takuni-no-kami Naganori of Ako castle in Harima province appointed as one of the reception comittee.
		With the head of Yoshinaka, the ronin marched in formation to the tomb of their ill-fated master, lord Asano, offering the head and praying that his soul may rest in peace at last.
	www.wmhawley.com /features/ronin (682 words)

	JAPANESE SWORD - Swords of the 47 Ronin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 47 Ronin lead by Oishi successfully avenged their master's grudge against Kira Kozuke no Suke on the 14th of December in Genroku 15 (1702).
		Early in the days of the establishment of the Edo Tokugawa Shogunate, it issued an edict for the rule in carrying of katana and this ruled that the length of the katana be under 2 shaku 3 sun 5 bu and the wakizashi under 2 shaku.
		Since the samurai of the Kira estate were known to carry swords of the prescribed length, the 47 purposely used longer blades which are to their advantage.
	www.geocities.com /alchemyst/ronin.htm (788 words)

	The 47 Ronin
		Scene from Chushingura, Act II The story of the 47 ronin is probably one of the best known samurai stories in and outside of Japan.
		The story of the 47 ronin is closely based on real events that took place at the beginning of the eighteenth century in Japan.
		But in feudal Japan, the 47 ronin were regarded as the epitome of loyalty to the lord who had to commit unjustified suicide.
	www.artelino.com /articles/the_47_ronin.asp (476 words)

	A Small Victory: this month in history: the tale of the 47 ronin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		On that night, 47 ronin (masterless samurai), avenged the death of their master, Lord Asano, two years after he was ordered to commit seppuku, or ritual suicide, for taking a swipe at one Lord Kira.
		It was that loyalty and honor that took the 47 samurai on a two year journey to avenge the death of their master, Lord Asano.
		On December 14, 1702, 47 of the 59 ronin (the 13 other ronin were sent back to their families) stormed Kira's mansion.
	asmallvictory.net /archives/005475.html (1226 words)

	[No title]
		Although carried out in the name of loyalty to their feudal lord, the vendetta of the 47 Ronin was explicitly in defiance of the bakufu, as recognized by their death sentence.
		Doggedly pressing his argument that the ronin were simply in search of a new master and never expected to sacrifice their lives, Tamura set a tone of iconoclasm that opened a new chapter of revisionist thinking in the history of the Akô Incident.
		He argues that the vendettas of the Soga Brothers and the 47 Ronin were both attempts to appease the vengeful spirits (onryô) of their dead masters (or father in the Soga case), drawing on Japanese folklore research on onryô.
	www.columbia.edu /~hds2/47ronin.htm (8474 words)

	Bright Lights Film Journal \| The Loyal 47 Ronin
		Genroku Chushingura, also known as The Forty-Seven Ronin of the Genroku Era, or in the case of Kenji Mizoguchi’s two-part, 220-minute adaptation, The Loyal Forty-Seven Ronin (1941-42), is one of Japan’s great historical legends.
		Ronin was an ideal project for this purpose, with its powerful images of loyalty at any cost and the heroic pleasures of self-sacrifice to a greater good, and Mizoguchi responded enough to the more contemplative, downbeat elements to make it one of his most intriguing pictures.
		Throughout, the director concentrates on the ronin’s emotional anguish and overwhelming sense of loss, powerfully imparted in bitter long-take dialogue exchanges, scenes in which the ronin are literally laid low with grief, or the simple tracking of a character moving with slow solemnity through an empty garden.
	www.brightlightsfilm.com /26/ronin.html (750 words)

	47 Ronin (Chushingura)
		There are many versions, each focusing on one of the "47 masterless Samurai" who refuse to surrender and face disgrace out of loyalty to their master.
		Like the assassination of Thomas Becket in 12th century England, the story of the 47 loyal retainers has left the historian with not only a wealth of primary documents but also of contemporary analysis of exactly how the events were interpreted.
		The 47 loyal samurai are bound by duty and devotion, not patriotic fervor.
	www.elipsiselectronics.com /6304391862/47_Ronin_Chushingura.html (1646 words)

	The 47 Ronin - Japan - Japan Travel Stories :: BootsnAll Travel Network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 47 Ronin were former samurai retainers who avenged their master's death by killing his enemy then stoically awaited the sentence of death to be passed on them by the government.
		On the other side, critics argued that the ronin had willfully disobeyed the Shogun's law and to pardon them would be to invite lawlessness and anarchy.
		The surviving ronin was pardoned by the Shogun and lived until he was 75 before being buried along side his comrades.
	www.bootsnall.com /articles/05-01/the-47-ronin-japan.html (1171 words)

	Silver Dragon Martial Arts the story of the 47 faithful ronin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		All of Edo suspected the ronin would attempt some sort of attack, and Kira was under the shogun's protection.
		Following fretful discussions with his councilors, the shogun sentenced them to death but ruled that they would be permitted to perform die as warriors rather than face execution as common criminals.
		The 47 ronin are now thought of as Japanese national heroes.
	www.silverdragonma.com /articlefaithfulronin.shtml (647 words)

	47 Ronin Part Two (Chushingura) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The 47 Ronin is the true story of samurai who plot revenge against the powerful lord who goaded their master into a "crime".
		The last scene of Inagaki's film-the ronin marching triumphantly through town after their revenge is the best example of difference in the telling of the two stories.
		In pure cinematic terms "47 Ronin" is incredibly beautiful to watch, shot in immensely long takes that establish a natural, breathing rhythm over the whole of its huge length.
	www.ecbzz.com /a-vhs/6304391889/47-Ronin-Part-Two-Chushingura.html (1231 words)

	Chicago Reader Movie Review
		And the third is Kenji Mizoguchi's two-part, four-hour Genroku Chushingura (usually translated as "The Loyal 47 Ronin of the Genroku Era"), being shown in Chicago for the first time in several years this weekend at the Film Center.
		The ronin bide their time, waiting for the right moment, and eventually (after one year historically, three years in the film) 47 of them attack Lord Kira's home and kill him.
		There's a tremendous tension between her longing and the conclusion we know is inevitable, but the last we see of her is not her emotional gratification--though that does occur--but her own seppuku, as she in effect takes her place alongside the 47.
	www.chireader.com /movies/archives/0297/02077.html (1795 words)

	MovieMartyr.com - The 47 Ronin, Parts One & Two
		The 47 Ronin, Kenji Mizoguchi’s august jidai-geki (period film) is difficult to view without proper awareness of its cultural context.
		As ronin, samurai without a master, the vassals of the deposed Lord Asano are placed in a precarious situation in which they can’t reap the benefits of being bound to their master but cannot swear allegiance to another, since that would seem a betrayal of Asano’s honor.
		The relatively muted tone of The 47 Ronin doesn’t prevent the ending from having emotional impact, however.
	www.moviemartyr.com /1941/47ronin.htm (665 words)

	The Forty-Seven Ronin (Chinshingura) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As a indication of the humiliation felt by samurai who became ronin, Lord Redesdale records that during his stay in Japan, when he lived two hundred yards from the graves of the Forty-Seven Ronin, a ronin killed himself at their graves.
		Once he was dead, the Forty-Seven Ronin planned to cut off his head, and lay it as an offering on their master's tomb.
		The Forty-Seven Ronin gathered, and Oishi Kuranosuke, with a lantern, saw that it was indeed Kotsuke noh Suke - as a final proof, his head bore the scar from Takumi noh Kami's attack.
	users.exis.net /~jnc/nontech/prints/47ronin.html (2018 words)

	47 ronin @ Polyshields.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Piracy became the large issue when 47 ronin were being illegally shared across the internet.
		While the music industry fought against such services as 47 ronin, it is however far away from recovering their market revenue and the 47 ronin is anxious to join them.
		What cannot be debated is that there exists a 47 ronin market, and no industry likes to bypass that because of possible 47 ronin problems.
	www.polyshields.com /movies/1/term57.html (251 words)

	Intelliflix: Rent 47 Ronin/Parts 1 And 2 on DVD
		As a result of this grave offense, Asano is told to commit hara-kiri, his house is abolished and his properties abandoned.
		However, it was a commercial failure-released in Japan one week before Pearl Harbor, the military and most audiences found the first part to be too serious, but the studio and Mizoguchi both regarded it as so important that Part Two was put into production despite Part One's lukewarm reception.
		Renowned by postwar scholars lucky enough to have seen it in Japan, THE 47 RONIN wasn't shown in America until the 1970's.
	www.intelliflix.com /movie_view.dvd?id=993 (233 words)

	Amazon.ca: Video: 47 Ronin, the Part 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		For this offense, Asano is forced to commit harakiri; his family is disinherited; and his 47 loyal samurai become ronin, men without a master.
		I enjoy the Japanese legend of the 47 Ronin but this film is far too tedious and lengthy to watch.
		At the end of the day you'd be better off just reading the story of the 47 ronin than to bother watching this 4 hour borefest.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/6304391870 (1136 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		If you aren't familiar with the story of the 47 Ronin, I highly recommend that you check it out.
		I also recommend the book "The 47 Ronin Story" by John Allyn (probably available at Amazon.com).
		A couple of Japanese folks were placing incense at the grave markers of the ronin...
	www.sloperama.com /WCMJ/sengakuji.html (189 words)

	Amazon.com: Video: 47 Ronin (Chushingura) (1963) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		CHUSHINGURA ("loyalty") is based on a real incident in 18th century Japan, wherein 47 loyal retainers of a disgraced lord take a vow of vengeance on the corrupt nobleman who caused his downfall and death.
		Based on actual events, the story of the loyal 47 ronin is probably the most dramatized story in Japanese theatrical tradition.
		A simple mention of "chushingura" or the "47 retainers" conjures images of snow-swept feudal Edo (Tokyo) and stealthy samurai enacting a long-awaited raid to revenge their deceased master.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/6304391862?v=glance (2310 words)

	VH1.com : Movies : Movie : The 47 Ronin, Part 2 : Plot
		Part Two of Japanese filmmaker Kenji Mizoguchi's 47 Ronin contines to follow the course of vengeance plotted by Ronin (samurai) warrior Oishi.
		Knowing that Arano was hoodwinked into committing hara-kiri by the evil Lord Kira, Oishi has assembled 47 loyal warriors to lay waste to Kira's domain.
		Not the first movie adaptation of Seika Mayama's classic story, and far from the last, the 1942 version of 47 Ronin was undoubtedly the best and most popular; it was also one of the least typical filmic efforts of director Mizoguchi, who was more at home with sociological and feminist dramas.
	www.vh1.com /movies/movie/140/plot.jhtml (177 words)

	RETHINKING THE STORY OF THE 47 RONIN:
		Still, there is no hard evidence for it, and the fact that the ronin in their voluminous correspondence almost never touched on the reason for Asano’s grudge suggests that even they did not really know.
		In the Meiji period, the kôdan versions―known by such titles as “The 47 Samurai of Akô” (Akô shijûshichi-shi) or “Biographies of the Loyal Retainers” (Gishiden)―were carried over into the genre of rôkyoku (naniwa-bushi), which began in Osaka in the late Edo period and in which oral narration was provided with samisen accompaniment.
		The late Meiji period also marks the beginning of the entirely new Chûshingura genre of film, which by the time it had run its course in the mid-1960s had brought the story of the 47 Ronin to far more Japanese than ever in the past, and with a new level of power and immediacy.
	www.columbia.edu /~hds2/47ronin/47ronin_rev.htm (9118 words)

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