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	Ancient Greece: The Persian Wars
		In the middle of the sixth century BC, the Greek city-states along the coast of Asia Minor came under the control of the Lydians and their king, Croesus (560-546 BC).
		In 498 BC, the Athenians conquered and burned Sardis, which was the capital of Lydia, and all the Greek cities in Asia Minor joined the revolt.
		In 481 BC, Xerxes gathered together an army of some one hundred fifty thousand men and a navy of six hundred ships; he was determined that the whole of Greece would be conquered by his army.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~dee/GREECE/PERSIAN.HTM (1167 words)

	EUROPEAN HISTORY 700 - 481 B.C.
		King Esarhaddon (680-669 B.C.) of the Syrian Empire on his way to Egypt with a large army to restore it to Syrian control fell sick in Harren and died.
		Croesus (560-546 B.C.) son Alyattes a Lydian is lord of all nations west of the river Halya (Syria).
		528 B.C. The Babylonian soldiers are enrolled in the Persian army, in the conquest of Egypt, with King Cambyses of Persia.
	www.agt.net /public/dgarneau/euro24.htm (5185 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Hippias (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Philolaus (circa 480 BC â€“ circa 405 BC) was a Greek mathematician and philosopher.
		Archytas (428 BC - 347 BC), was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, statesman, strategist and commander-in-chief.
		Gorgias (in Greek Î“Î¿ÏÎ³á¼°Î±Ï‚, circa 483-375 BC), Greek sophist, philosopher, and rhetorician, was a native of Leontini in Sicily.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Hippias (1275 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Warring States Period (Site not responding. Last check: )
		While it is frequently cited as 475 BC (following the Spring and Autumn Period), 403 BC - the date of the tripartition of the Jin (state) - is also sometimes considered as the beginning of the period.
		The Qin Dynasty (Chinese: ç§¦æœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chin Chao) (221 BC - 206 BC) was preceded by the Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China.
		Mencius (most accepted dates: 372 BC â€“ 289 BC; other possible dates: 385 BC â€“ 303 BC or 302 BC) was born in the State of Zou (é„’åœ‹), now forming the territory of the county-level city of Zoucheng (é‚¹åŸŽå¸‚), Shandong province, only 30 km (18 miles) south of Qufu, the town of Confucius.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Warring-States-Period (3172 words)

	Zhou Dynasty
		In 771 BC, after King You had replaced his queen with a concubine Baosi, he was then sacked by the joint force of the queen's father, who was the powerful Marquess of Shen, and the barbarians.
		The capital was moved eastward in 722 BC to Luoyang in present-day Henan Province.
		The first, from 722 to 481 BC, is called the Spring and Autumn Period, after a famous historical chronicle of the time; the second is known as the Warring States Period.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/z/zh/zhou_dynasty.html (755 words)

	480s BC at AllExperts
		* 480 BC - Battle of Himera - The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.
		* 489 BC - Eudoxus of Cnidus, early mathematician and adherent of Pythagoras Dion, student of Plato and tyrant of Syracuse.
		* 484 BC - Achaeus of Eretria, a Greek tragedian, was born in the town of Eretria in the island of Euboea.
	en.allexperts.com /e/0/480s_bc.htm (615 words)

	Spring And Autumn Period
		The Spring and Autumn Period (zh-cpc=æ¥ç§æä»£p=ChÅ«nqiÅ« ShÃdÃ i) represented an era in Chinese history between 722 BC and 481 BC.
		During the relatively peaceful 6th century BC, the two coastal states in today's Zhejiang, Wu and Yue, gradually grew in power.
		The Warring States Period officially started in 403 BC when the three remaining elite families in Jin - Zhao, Wei and Han - partitioned the state; the impotent Zhou court was forced to recognize their authority.
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/Spring_and_Autumn_Period (2750 words)

	History of Ancient Argos
		In 669 BC, he defeated the Lacedaemonians at Hysiae, which lied in the plain of Thyreas, at the borders between Lacedaemon and Argos and took control of the valley, regaining thus the lot of Temenos.
		During the Corinthian war in Coronea, in 394 BC, they were defeated, but in the battle of Leuktra in 371 BC and of Mantinea in 362 BC, Argos helped Thebes to defeat the Spartans.
		In 229 BC, Argos joined the Achaean League and remained an active member until 146 BC, with the exception of a brief occupation of the city by the Spartans in 225 BC and 196 BC.
	www.sikyon.com /Argos/history_eg.html (2916 words)

	Chinese Cultural Studies: Concise Political History of China
		In 256 BC the princes of those states assumed the title of king, stopped paying homage to the Chou king, and continued to fight for supremacy.
		He died in 210 BC in Shandong Province, far from the capital of Xianyang, during one of his long quests to find the elixir of life.
		BC) was grand historian (an office that combined the duties of court recorder and astronomer) during the time of Wu Ti.
	academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu /core9/phalsall/texts/chinhist.html (16949 words)

	Incubus Designs - Serim Ral Home Page
		The Persian Wars (492-449 BC) were sparked by a revolt of Greek colonies in Asia Minor and brought the Greeks onto the stage of world history.
		In 490 BC a Persian army under Darius I (522-486 BC) landed unopposed on the plain of Marathon; following an appeal to the Spartans, the Athenian-led Greeks won a decisive victory.
		Unless Alexander (336-323 BC) was himself responsible for his father's assassination in 336 BC, he cannot have foreseen the moment of his succession.
	www.incubusdesigns.com /show.asp?civtype=Greeks&gametype=AR (1107 words)

	Zhou Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		One of the sons of King Shaokang of Xia Dynasty was permanently assigned to the Kuaiji land to guard the tomb, and the later Yue Principality was said to have descended from this lineage.
		BC 659-621) in escorting him to the throne at Jinn, with a promise of secceding to Qin 8 cities to the west of Yellow River.
		In the autumn of 636 BC, the brother of Zhou King Xiangwang, Shu-dai, hired the Di barbarians in attacking the Zhou court.
	www.republicanchina.org /zhou.htm (13785 words)

	Civs - Shang
		In 1027 BC a particularly decadent Shang ruler lost control of the kingdom and succumbed to either revolt or the deliberate attack from the more western province of Chou.
		The weakening of the Chou led to the Spring and Autumn period (722 to 481 BC) that takes its name from the title of a history of the era.
		A peace was arranged around 540 BC at a conference instigated by smaller states that had suffered continual invasion and despoiling.
	members.tripod.com /~Will_R/aok/aoe_civs_shang.htm (329 words)

	Qin Dynasty -- Political, Social, Cultural, Historical Analysis Of China -- Research Into Origins Of Huns, Uygurs, ...
		BC 659-621) in escorting him to the throne at Jinn, with a promise of seceding to Qin 8 cities to the west of Yellow River.
		BC 606-600) died in 600 BC and was succeeded by his son, Jinn Jinggong (r.
		In 473 B.C., the Wu Principality was annexed by Yüeh.
	www.republicanchina.org /qin.html (14803 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > 481 BC
		Centuries: 6th century BC - 5th century BC - 4th century BC
		Decades: 530s BC 520s BC 510s BC 500s BC 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC 460s BC 450s BC 440s BC 430s BC
		The Congress at the Isthmus of Corinth ends a war between Athens and Aegina
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/48/481_BC (101 words)

	9th Century BC 330 BC (Site not responding. Last check: )
		547- 540- BC Cyrus II defeats Lydia and Bablyon, extending his empire from Iranian plateau in the east to the Mediterranean in the West.
		522-485 BC Reign of Darius I. Darius divides empire into 20 satraps or provinces, institutes reforms in taxation with a common currency and a standing army.
		481 BC Renewal of war with the Greeks.
	www.internews.org /visavis/BTVPagesInews/Timelines1.html (247 words)

	Chinese Philosophy - MSN Encarta
		He was a minor aristocrat and official of the state of Lu, in what is now Shandong Province, and he spent most of his life in the late 500s and early 400s bc as an itinerant scholar-teacher and adviser to the rulers of various Chinese states.
		Confucius thought that the way to reform society was to cultivate ethical behavior in individuals, especially in rulers and their ministers because leaders serve as important role models for their people.
		Two of his 4th and 3rd century bc disciples, Mencius (in Chinese, Mengzi or Meng-Tzu) and Xunzi (Hsün-tzu), did much to clarify these issues.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761568835/Chinese_Philosophy.html (934 words)

	[No title]
		In 481 BC, after four years of preparation, the army and navy of Xerxes arrived in Asia Minor and built a bridge of ships across the Hellespont at Abydos to march his troops across.
		By 492 BC it had an area of over 4,000,000 square kilometers, and it is estimated that its population in the 4th century BC was about 70,000,000 inhabitants [6].
		A congress was called in Corinth in late autumn of 481 BC, and a confederate alliance of Greek city-states was formed, headed by the militaristic Sparta, whose supremely disciplined warriors were trained from birth to be the best soldiers in Greece and among the fiercest in the ancient world.
	www.strategypage.com /militaryforums/512-31113.aspx (2844 words)

	Europa: The History of the White Race: Chapter Ten (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The four hundred years stretching from 800 BC to 400 BC are known as the Hellenic Age, and mark the height of classical Greek civilization.
		By 750 BC, two distinct ideologies had formed amongst the Greek city states: the first was an oligarchy: ruled by an educated elite; and the second was a limited form of democracy: rule by the masses.
		Another of Pericles' achievements was the construction of the Parthenon on the acropolis in Athens, built from 447 BC to 432 BC and dedicated to that city's patron goddess, Athena Parthenos.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/fowles/500/hwr10.htm (3632 words)

	Sun Tzu - Books and Biography
		According to Ssu-ma Ch'ien's Shih chi, also called the Records of the Grand Historian, Sun Tzu was a military general from the state of Ch'i during the Spring and Autumn period (722-481 BC).
		Scholars surmise he lived from 544 BC to 496 BC.
		When asked whether its principles can be applied to anyone, Sun Tzu replied, "Yes." As proof of his competency and to confirm the principles' effectiveness, he successfully transformed 180 court women into trained soldiers in just one session.
	www.readprint.com /author-84/Sun-Tzu (333 words)

	Ancient Greek Battles Of Marathon, Thermopylae, Artemisium, and Salamis
		Prologue to 480 BC After the Persian failure of September 10, 490 BC, Persian king Darius I decides on a full scale invasion of Greece but is forced to quell rebellion in Egypt and dies in 486 BC before invading Greece again.
		In September 481 BC Athens was evacuated, the women and children were sent to Troezen, but the priests remained on the Acropolis.
		In 480 BC this happened in September instead of August, due to the proximity of the solstice and the full moon in December 481 BC.
	www.geocities.com /caesarkevin/battles/Greekbattles1.html (4712 words)

	Aegina: Encyclopedia II - Aegina - Ancient History
		In 401 BC Aegina was one of the states which gave the symbols of submission (earth and water) to Persia.
		Hence it would follow that the war lasted from shortly after 507 BC down to the congress at the Isthmus of Corinth in 481 BC (ii.) It is only for two years (490 and 491) out of the twenty-five that any details are given.
		As the final victory of Athens over Aegina was in 458 B.C., the thirty years of the oracle would carry us back to the year 488 BC as the date of the dedication of the precinct and the outbreak of hostilities.
	www.globaloneness.com /a/Aegina_-_Ancient_History/id/605488 (2328 words)

	A Unified Empire
		The years between 481 BC and 221 BC were so chaotic they became known as the Warring States Period.
		By the early third century BC, while China was still deeply immersed in the Warring States Period, the Korean kingdom of Old Choson armed itself with the latest in metal weaponry and shed its status as a weak confederation of small tribal states.
		By 221 BC, the Warring States Period was over, brought to an end by the formation of the Qin Dynasty, a tyrannical military empire that continued to expand north into Korea and south to the Red River in North Vietnam.
	www.koreanhistoryproject.org /Ket/C01/E0109.htm (2795 words)

	Jujitsu History
		It has been believed that Jujitsu can be found in roots dating back to the legendary gods Kajima and Kadori, who used the art against the inhabitants of an eastern province as punishment for their criminal activities.
		When the wrestling sport of Chikura Kurabe appeared in Japan in 230 BC many of its fighting techniques and tactics were incorporated into Jujitsu training.
		From 230 BC onward, many different schools of Jujitsu were formed and there is indication that empty-hand techniques were practiced, along with weapons, as part of the samurai warrior's training during the Heian period (ca.
	www.jujitsu.ir /History_jujitsu.htm (1610 words)

	Plazma's Ages - Age of Empires - Shang Culture
		By 4000 BC rice was being grown and became the most important food crop of Asia.
		By 2500 BC cattle, chickens, sheep and goats were raised, and water buffalo were being used to pull plows and wagons.
		These ancient beliefs were modified eventually into a state religion by two competing philosophies that developed around the sixth century BC in response to growing dissatisfaction with feudalism.
	www.angelfire.com /biz7/plazma/aoeshang.html (1575 words)

	Chinese Literature
		Chinese literature may be divided into three major historical periods that roughly correspond to those of Western literary history: the classical period, from the 6th century BC through the 2nd century AD; the medieval period, from the 3rd century to the late 12th century; and the modern period, from the 13th century to the present.
		In the following centuries of the classical period, the Confucian canon was fixed, and Confucianism became the orthodox teaching, establishing a classical tradition that was to last until the present century.
		Foremost are the Analects of Confucius, aphoristic sayings compiled by his disciples; the eloquent disputations of Mencius, a Confucian scholar; the Tao-te Ching (Classic of the Way and Its Virtue), attributed to Lao-tzu, the founder of Taoism; and the high-spirited essays of Chuang-tzu, the other great Taoist philosopher.
	www.ron-turner.com /chineseliterature.html (2627 words)

	French History Timeline
		Homo Erectus, who lived around 950,000 B.C., was the first human found in France.
		The Celts came from Central Europe and settled in Gaul around 2500 B.C. The Celts were iron workers and dominated Gaul until 125 B.C., when the Roman Empire began its reign in southern France.
		When Augustus became emperor of Rome, the result was two centuries of relative peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana.
	www.uncg.edu /rom/courses/dafein/civ/timeline.htm (2124 words)

	IAU Coll. 168: Abstract of Author (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the pre Han period (before 206 BC) there are 23 records in Chinese literatures.
		Such as in the year of Chou conquest of Shang and The Spring and Autumn period (722-481 BC).
		Oracle bone inscriptions had been cut in 14-11 century BC of Yin Ruins are unearthed relics.
	www.ss.astro.umd.edu /IAU/colloq168/abstracts/zhangp.shtml (499 words)

	Time Line of Greece (Site not responding. Last check: )
		416 BC Athenians attacked and conquered Melos, which island and Thera were the only islands in the AEgean not subject to the Athenian supremacy.
		All the adult males were put to death, the women and children sold into slavery, and the island colonized afresh by 500 Athenians.
		Athens surrenders to Sparta According to the terms of the surrender of Athens at the end of the Peloponnesian War, the Long Walls and fortifications of the Piraeus were destroyed, the Athenian fleet was lost, exiles were recalled, and Athens was under the leadership of Sparta
	users.aol.com /ksmith9526/SSGreeceTimeLine.htm (615 words)

	Second Persian War
		The Persians were met by one of their former soldiers, Miltiades, who was captured in one of the wars.
		This battle, the battle of Marathon (490 BC), is one of the most important battles in Greek history.
		In 481 BC, Xerxes gathered together an army of 150,000 men and a navy of 600 ships, he was determined that all of Greece would be conquered by his army.
	library.thinkquest.org /J0112190/second_persian_war.htm (279 words)

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