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Topic: 490 BCE

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490 BC

Battle of Marathon

Phidippides (Marathon runner)

Marathon, Greece

September

Military history

	Archaic Architectural Greek Sculpture
		560 BCE, Fragment of metope, Treasury of Sikyon, Delphi.
		525 BCE, E. Pediment, Treasury of the Siphnians, Delphi.
		525 BCE, N. Frieze, Treasury of the Siphnians, Delphi.
	www.oberlin.edu /staff/jromano/images/grkscuaa.html (267 words)

	Achaemenid period (553 bce - 330 bce)
		In the middle of the sixth century BCE, the Achaemanid clan of the Persians was headed by Cyrus, who ruled, under Median domination, as sub-king of Parsa, or Persis.
		In 553 BCE Cyrus led a revolt that resulted in the overthrow of the Median ruler and the rise to the power of the Achaemenids.
		A more ambitious to subjugate the Greeks was attempted by Xerxes, but after a navel disaster at Salamis in 480 BCE and a decimation of the land forces at Plataea the next year, the invading forces were withdrawn to the shores of Asia Minor.
	www.silk-road.com /artl/achaemen.shtml (1216 words)

	I, Daniel
		An insurrection by Babylon in 521 BCE led to the destruction of the walls of Babylon by Darius, and, by the fourth century BCE, the cultural identity of Chaldea was altered forever.
		The 24th verse seems to have an apparent meaning: seven sabbatic years (490 calendar years) are allotted to the Jewish people to finish the transgression, to put an end to their sin, to atone for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to produce prophets and sealed prophecies, and to anoint their Messiah.
		In 301 BCE, Seleucus joined a successful confederacy against Antigonus I, the newest King of Macedonia, and as a reward, Seleucus was granted a large part of Asia Minor and the whole of Syria.
	bahai-library.com /books/daniel.html (19998 words)

	[No title]
		By the end of the sixth century, philosophers begin to question the metaphysical nature of the cosmos with inquiries into the nature of being, the meaning of truth, and the relationship between the divine and the physical world.
		Born in 480 BCE, he is the last of the tragic dramatists.
		342-270 BCE) and Zeno, the Stoic (not to be confused with Zeno of Elea), believe in an individualistic and materialistic philosophy.
	eawc.evansville.edu /chronology/grpage.htm (1827 words)

	205 A Brief History of Classical Greece, Classical Drama and Theatre
		By the early days of the fifth century (the 490's BCE), the Athenians had settled into their new type of government where the general populace exerted direct control of the city through assemblies and the enactment of laws, and measures were regularly being passed by a majority vote of some sort.
		It ended with the fall of Athens in 404 BCE and resulted, ultimately, in the collapse of all of southern Greece to a foreign power in the next century.
		In 338 BCE, Philip succeeded in defeating the combined forces of the southern Greeks—Athens, Thebes, and Sparta all fighting together for the first time in centuries!—and reduced them to a tribute-paying protectorate of his burgeoning empire.
	www.usu.edu /markdamen/ClasDram/chapters/051clasgk.htm (2095 words)

	A Look at Closed Harbor Sites in the Ancient Mediterranean
		Her closed harbor helped keep her safe until the Romans destroyed the city in 146 B.C.E. Once rebuilt by Julius Caesar in 44 B.C.E. Corinth and Lechaeon both received a facelift and were re-fortified to make them useful as the powerful naval capital of the Peloponnese once again.
		Both cities were very active colonizers and they co-founded a city named Cumae in Italy in 750 B.C.E. (7) A period of prosperity and amicable relations between the two rival cities followed until "with a bitterness which seems to have been born years before" (7) the two cities became openly hostile towards one another.
		While ancient Eretria was able to recover from its loss to Chalkis in the eighth century and its destruction by the Persians in 490 BCE, its second destruction by the Roman general Lucius in 198 BCE never saw a reconstruction project.
	www.softassteel.com /files/bio/work/harbors.html (4755 words)

	Olympians: Vase Representations
		On this Attic red figure hydria of the early classical period (480-40 bce), Triptolemus is seated in his chariot and Demeter pours a libation for him; to his left is Persephone, and Hekate is depicted on the right behind Demeter (London E 183).
		On this Attic fl figure neck amphora of the late archaic period (490 bce) Apollo is playing his lyre (kithara) between columns with cocks on them; Würzburg L 222.
		On this Attic fl figure hydria of the archaic period (430-520 bce) Apollo stands in the center, playing his lyre, and faces his mother Leto; Artemis is behind him, and Hermes is on the far left; Poseidon is on the far right; Toledo 1956.70.
	mkatz.web.wesleyan.edu /cciv110x/hesiod/cciv110.olympians.html (2319 words)

	datis
		Median general, commander of the Persian troops in the battle of Marathon in 490 BCE.
		In 499 BCE, the Greeks in Asia Minor, better known as the Ionian Greeks or Ionians, revolted against the Achaemenid empire.
		This makes it also likely that Datis was the commander of the Persian armada during the naval battle off Lade (pictures) on 20 October 494, which marked the beginning of the siege of Miletus.
	datis.blogfa.com /8403.aspx (911 words)

	Argus
		800 BCE) alludes to the story of Argus by referring to Hermes as 'the guide, the slayer of Argus' (8.332).
		750-700 BCE) and many of the Homeric Hymns, including those to Aphrodite, Apollo, Hermes, and Demeter (c.
		490 BCE) depicts Argus with eyes all over his body (Powell 375).
	www.pantheon.org /articles/a/argus.html (593 words)

	[No title]
		The most famous of all Olympic events is the marathon, named after a famous battle in 490 BCE.
		Before 490 BCE they did include relatively short distance running events in the Olympics, the longest of which was about 2.5 miles long.
		But after 490 BCE they decided that it wouldn't be a bad idea to train couriers for some long distance runs.
	www.chicagoboyz.net /archives/002263.html (678 words)

	Slides for lecture of October 30, 2001
		Amphora by the Amasis Painter; 560 BCE; Dionysos and menads
		Amphora by the Kleophrades Painter; 500-490 BCE; Dionysos and menads
		Amphora by the Antimenes Painter, 540 BCE; scene of olive harvest
	classics.ucdavis.edu /AHI1A/20011030.html (348 words)

	Chronology of Asian maritime history
		C11th BCE: After collapse of the Shang dynasty, Chinese general You Houxi led 250,000 troops to the South Pacific and the Americas.
		C4th BCE: A lodestone compass was mentioned in the Chinese Book of the Devil Valley Master, 'they carry a south-pointer with them so as not to lose their way'.
		C1st BCE: A blue glass bowl excavated in a Han tomb in Guangzhou is probably Roman, made on the southern shores of the Mediterranean in the C1st BCE.
	www.maritimeasia.ws /topic/chronology.html (14220 words)

	marathon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		But in 492 BCE, the Persian fleet was destroyed by storms near Mt. Athos.
		This slowed down the advance of the army, which was thinned by the fierce Thracian tribes.
		Two years later, in 490 BCE, a new Persian fleet sailed straight across the Aegean Sea.
	medialdea.net /historyguy80538/marathon.htm (1055 words)

	ArtLex on Amphora
		On the other side Dionysos raises his drinking cup, accompanied by dancing maenads and lustful satyrs.
		490 BCE, terra cotta, height 81.5 cm, Antikensammlung, Berlin.
		On the obverse a young man sings as he plays the kithara; on the reverse is a judge.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/a/amphora.html (216 words)

	CC 302 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Tomb of Hunting and Fishing, Tarquinia (520-490 BCE) - Youth diving from a rock
		Tomb of Orcus - Theseus menaced by a demon.
		Francois Tomb, Vulci - Sacrifice of Trojan captives.
	www.utexas.edu /courses/rome/images2.html (119 words)

	Slides from lecture of March 8, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Details of the sculpture from the west pediment of the temple of Aphaia, ca.
		Restored drawing of the sculpture from the east pediment of the temple of Aphaia, ca.
		West pediment of the Siphnian Treasury, Delphi, depicting the struggle between Apollo and Herakles for possession of the Delphic tripod, moderated by Zeus
	philo.ucdavis.edu /home/leroller/AHI172A/20040308.html (481 words)

	UNF Core I: Section 6: Classical Greece: The Polis and Democracy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The period between the defeats of the Persians at Marathon (490 BCE) and Salamis (479BCE) and Alexander the Great's expansion of Greek world is the classical period of Greek History.
		Poleis (plural form) existed as a settlement from from at least the 10th century BCE.
		By 8th century BCE, Greece was divided into a series of poleis in which an increasingly large number of men thought they had a right to participate.
	www.unf.edu /classes/freshmancore/halsall/core1-06.htm (1365 words)

	Ancient Greece Resources for 6th Grade Social Studies
		Greece in the Archaic Age: political structure 750-490 BCE details the political structure of the Greek world during the Archaic period.
		If you have shockwave Greeks and Phoenicians: colonization in the 10-6th century BCE enables you to observe the colonizing eforts of both the Greeks and their great rivals the Phoenicians.
		The Hellenistic World: Cities and Empires in 240 BCE and the The Hellenistic World: major and minor states in 90 BCE are also valuable reference tools.
	intranet.dalton.org /groups/Greece/index.html (2772 words)

	The Rise of the Polis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		508 BCE A factional leader, Cleisthenes, wins power by promising lower classes equality before the law; he creates democratic institutions such as generalship by election.
		480-479 BCE Another Persian invasion defeated by a Spartan-led Greekcoalition at Salamis and Plataea.
		454 BCE Delian League treasury moved to Athens, Pericles uses funds for Athenian expenses (e.g.
	www.nadn.navy.mil /Users/history/tucker/hh205/greecepolis.htm (112 words)

	Middle East on the Matrix: Scenes From Ancient Persia
		The names of the great Persian rulers have survived through the millennia: Cyrus the Great (reigning from 558 to 529 BCE) conquered immense territories from the Mediterranean coast to modern Pakistan and built the ancient city of Pasargad.
		Darius I (522 to 486 BCE) added to the empire in the east, secured control over Egypt and built the great city of Persepolis, but was stopped by the Greeks at the famous battle of Marathon in 490 BCE.
		His son, Xerxes (486 to 465 BCE), avenged his father's defeat by capturing and burning Athens, only to later watch the destruction of the Persian fleet at Salamis in 480 BCE and the beginning of the gradual disintegration of Persian greatness.
	www.on-the-matrix.com /mideast/AncientPersia.asp (563 words)

	Running - Battle Of Marathon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 490 BC King Darius led his Persian army in an attack
		The Battle of Marathon 490 BC during the Persian Greek Wars.
		490 BC Battle Of Marathon - The Army of Athens and its allies met the
	www.madforrunning.com /battleofmarathon (2033 words)

	MATHORIGINS.COM_D
		Defeated at Marathon by the Athienians in 490 BCE.
		In 512 BCE Darius I conquered at Hellenespont and controlled the territory from the Black Sea to the Aegean Sea.
		When Darius came to the throne the building of the Temple at Jerusalem had been suspended by the false Smerdis because of complaints against the Jews by their jealous neighbours.
	www.mathorigins.com /D.htm (2034 words)

	AH 201 (Dale) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		500-480 BCE, Dying Warrior, fragment of sculpture from the east pediment, marble, c.480 BCE (G 5-28)
		Temple of Zeus at Olympia, c.470-456 BCE, Metopes: Athena, Herakles, and Atlas, high relief sculpture on the frieze, marble (G 5-32)
		Temple of Zeus at Olympia, c.470-456 BCE, Metopes: Athena, Herakles, and Atlas, high relief sculpture on the frieze, marble, Detail: Herakles (G 5-32)
	www.wisc.edu /arth/ah201/07.html (403 words)

	ArtLex on Terracotta
		Atalanta Lekythos, painted white-ground terra cotta, 500-490 BCE, height 31.8 cm, Cleveland Museum of Art.
		A silenos and maenad dance in a Dionysiac revel on this Etruscan antefix.
		Greece, Apulia, South Italy, attributed to the Painter of Louvre MNB 1148, about 330 BCE,
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/t/terracotta.html (431 words)

	Gelon
		When Hippocrates died, Gelon was designated guardian of the heirs, Hippocrates sons.
		The children did not survive long and Gelon ascended the throne as tyrant of Gea in about 490
		Soon after, exiled aristocrats of Syracuse called on him for help in restoring their fortunes.
	www.ancientroute.com /people/Gelon.htm (268 words)

	Untitled Document
		Maenad with Leopard cub and Thyrsus, c.490 BCE, white-ground kaylx, Staatliche Antiken Sammlungen, Munich
		Drunken Satyr (Barberini Faun), Hellenistic marble sculpture, c.220 BCE, Glyptothek, Munich
		500-490 BCE, by the Kleophrades Painter, Museum for Antike Kleinkunst, Munich
	www.inform.umd.edu /clas/Faculty/LDoherty/Dionysus.html (164 words)

	Algebra
		Compare the political, social and economic institutions of Athens and Sparta around the year 500 BCE.
		How was the Delian League transformed into the Athenian Empire during the 5th century BCE?
		What were the problems that plagued the Roman Republic in the last century BCE?
	www.users.qwest.net /~cagsa/Hist9assigns.htm (388 words)

	Alan Petersen: Early Classical (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		In 490 BCE Darius invaded Greece leading to the famous battle of Marathon where 10,000 Athenians and allies inflicted 6,400 Persian casualties out of the 26,000 strong Persian army while losing only 192 of their men.
		They were probably part of the cargo of a ship carrying sculpture from Greece to Rome.
		Following the incorporation of Greece into the Roman Empire in 146 BCE large numbers of Greek statuary was imported by Romans who greatly admired all things Greek.
	www.coco.cc.az.us /apetersen/_ART201/early_classical.htm (1511 words)

	THE RISE OF ATHENS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Annexation of the Northern Aegean Coast (514-13 BCE) -
		The European Invasion (514-13 BCE) - The Persians expand into Thrace, Bridging the Bosporus
		The Rise of the Athenian (Delian) League (478 BCE)
	www.mc.maricopa.edu /~bfvaughan/text/201/notes/unit2/athens.html (158 words)

	Historical Maps Overview
		The Late Aegean Bronze Age: cities and palaces 1250-1000 BCE
		Greece in the Archaic Age: political structure in 750-490 BCE
		March of the 10,000: 401-398 BCE -- Requires Shockwave plug-in (254K).
	www.culturalresources.com /Maps.html (6731 words)

	Herodotus: Xerxes at the Hellespont
		Herodotus: The Histories: Xerxes at the Hellespont (mid 5th Century BCE)
		The army of Darius was defeated at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BCE and that of Xerxes I at Salamis in 486 BCE.
		If, after examining the table of contents of the complete volume, you are interested in considering it for use at your own campus, please contact Paul Brians.
	www.wsu.edu:8080 /~wldciv/world_civ_reader/world_civ_reader_1/herodotus.html (1083 words)

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