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	Catullus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		54 BCE) was one of the most influential Roman poets of the 1st century BCE.
		Catullus 51 is a direct verse translation of Sappho 31, and Catullus 61 and Catullus 62 are certainly inspired by and perhaps translated directly from lost works of Sappho.
		He is traditionally said to have lived from 84 BCE until 54 BCE; these dates are based on the allusions he makes in his poetry.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/C/Catullus.htm (1004 words)

	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		In July 141 BCE Mithradates captured the Seleucid capital Seleucia, and in October he reached Uruk in the south of Babylonia.
		In 69 BCE, the two enemies concluded a treaty: the Euphrates would be the border.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	orion Re: Date of Scrolls Deposit--55 BCE?
		Nothing in Josephus hints at a correspondence to the "Aemilius killed" reference pre-63, whereas both in Pompey's conquest of 63 and in the year later that Aemilius was governor there is plenty of opportunity for Aemilius to have been involved in killing memorable to the writers of 4QMish(c).
		So there is both a text, and some radiocarbon dates, which are not consistent with a 63 BCE deposit date for all of the scrolls at Qumran.
		It is possible a 55 BCE latest date for all of the scrolls at Qumran _may_ be falsified on the basis of future radiocarbon data (I will do my best, to the extent I have any input, to attempt to falsify my own theory, i.e.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1997b/msg00696.html (928 words)

	Voices from the Past
		In 55 BCE he produced his first literary work, on oratory, and then in 54 began one of his most celebrated works De Republica, a study of the republican state, which now survives only in fragments.
		It was written as a dialogue set in the 120s and is an exercise in nostalgia, a lament for an idealized past when the various components of the Roman political system, the democratic, aristocratic, and monarchial, existed in harmony.
		Cicero's letters are also remarkable for their accounts of the everyday life of a cultured and leisured man determined to create harmony and good taste around him.
	cornellia.fws1.com /Ancientworlds/voices.htm (935 words)

	Athena Review 1,1: Landings of Caesar in Britain, 55 and 54 BC
		Both the 55 and 54 BC Roman expeditions left from Boulogne (Portus Itius), and landed at Deal, a few miles northeast of Dover.
		In 54 BC, a larger Roman expedition landed at Deal and penetrated inland along the River Thames.
		At daybreak on the 8th of July, 54 BC, the Romans encountered British forces at a ford on the Stour (later the town of Canterbury).
	www.athenapub.com /caesar1.htm (1429 words)

	HobbyBlog
		Junius Brutus (consul in 509 BCE) walking left between two lictors carrying fasces and preceeded by an accensus, BRVTVS in exergue.
		One widely-held opinion, typified by Michael Crawford's Roman Republican Coinage, is that the coin was issued in 54 BCE and that the depiction of Brutus's tyrannicide ancestor a statement of opposition to the ambitions of Gnaeus Pompey Magnus.
		While the "EID MAR" denarius that Brutus issued in 42 BCE (there is controversy about in which months it was issued) to celebrate Caesar's assassination on the Ides of March can fetch a price equal to that of a modest home, this issue, and its companion featuring C.
	hobbyblog.blogspot.com /2004_03_21_hobbyblog_archive.html (811 words)

	Roman Sculpture
		Double portrait, "Gratidia and Gratidius Libanus," c.1st Century bce, marble with traces of paint, 23 3/4" height.
		Portrait of the Grandson (either Gaius or Lucius) of Augustus Caesar, c.10 bce - 4 ce.
		In the anecdotal style the story is told without regard to accurate time (that is, events at different times shown happening together) or real space.
	www.accd.edu /sac/vat/arthistory/arts1303/Rome3.htm (520 words)

	Ambiorix
		In the winter of 54/53 BCE, he destroyed of one of the legions of Julius Caesar, which resulted in the annihilation of his tribe.
		In the summer of 57 BCE, the Roman general Julius Caesar invaded the country of the rivers Scheldt and Meuse.
		However, there is no archaeological evidence that the site was occupied before c.20 BCE, and Caesar states explicitly that the Eburones lived between the Meuse an Rhine; the battle field must, therefore, have been somewhat further to the east.
	www.livius.org /am-ao/ambiorix/ambiorix.html (3024 words)

	History of Iran: General Surena, The Hero of Carrhae
		The name under which he appears in the western classical sources was apparently no more than his hereditary title, that of Suren, which continues to appear as well in the record of Iranian history far into Sasanian times.
		Rome considered itself obliged to enter upon the inheritance of Alexander of Macedonia and, from the time of Pompey, continually attempted the subjection of the Hellenistic countries as far as the Euphrates River and had ambitions to go even farther eastward.
		With this objective, Marcus Licinius Crassus, the Roman triumvir in 54 BCE, took the offensive against Iran.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/surena/surena.php (2152 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Rome
		The Landings of Caesar in Britain, 55 and 54 BCE [At Athenapub]
		Cicero (105-43 BCE): On the Genres of Rhetoric.
		A Roman Harvest Sacrifice, from Cato, On Agriculture 134, 160 BCE [At enteract.com]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook09.html (3375 words)

	Gaius Valerius Catullus Biography - Poetry - PoemofQuotes.com
		Gaius Valerius Catullus was born in 84 BCE.
		Catullus 51 is in fact a direct verse translation of Sappho 31, while Catullus 61 and Catullus 62 were inspired by and perhaps translations of Sappho.
		Due to the dates based on allusions he makes in his poetry it is believed Catullus lived between 84 and 54 BCE.
	www.poemofquotes.com /gaiusvaleriuscatullus (354 words)

	Julius Caesar, Gallic Wars, Book 1
		BC-44 BCE) was a Roman statesman and general.
		He was assigned the rule of Cisalpine and Transalpine Gaul and Illyricum with four legions (58 BC-54 BCE, later extended).
		When the census of those who returned home was taken, as Caesar had commanded, the number was found to be 110,000.
	www.luc.edu /faculty/ldossey/juliuscaesarweb.htm (1071 words)

	The Handbook of Biblical Numismatics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The first denarius was issued in 58 BCE by Marcus Aemilius Scaurus, the governor of the Roman province of Syria.
		The province included all of the Judaean coast towns from Raphia to Dora, and also all of the non-Jewish towns east of the Jordan River.
		In 54 BCE, a denarius that was similar in concept to the Rex Aretas coin was issued by the Roman curule aedile Aulus Plautius.
	www.amuseum.org /book/page8.html (272 words)

	Timetables of Irish History Part One - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		2100 BCE: On the Hill of Tara the mound of the Hostages is built.
		54 BCE: Second invasion of Britain by Caesar.
		51 BCE: Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII joint rulers of Egypt.
	www.stormfront.org /forum/showthread.php?t=48985 (1117 words)

	Greek and Hellenistic Urbanism
		Water supply: the aqueducts of Rome Aqua Appia (312 BCE) is first; 9 by time they are described by water commissioner Frontinus in 97 CE.
		The bathing ritual and its architectural parts: Stabian Baths, Pompeii, 2C BCE.
		Note: Forum Julium/Forum of Caesar (54-46 BCE) and temple of Venus Genetrix; Forum of Augustus (2 BCE) and temple of Mars Ultor; Forum of Nerva, Temple of Peace/Forum of Vespasian;
	arch.ced.berkeley.edu /courses/arch170/past/96spring/960926.html (308 words)

	Table of contents for Primary sources and reference volume
		A Fearsome Goddess @c3: [ic] Enheduanna, "The Adoration of Inanna in Ur," 24th or 23rd century BCE @c2:8.
		The Sun is the One God @c3: [ic] Hymn to the Aten, about 1340 BCE @c2:22.
		From Pauper to Prince @c3: [ic] Katahaka Jataka, 300 BCE @c2:31.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip053/2004026578.html (1297 words)

	Julius Caesar: Historical Background
		He did just that, with the help of volunteers, as a warning to other pirates, but he first cut their throats to lessen their suffering because they had treated him well.
		Pompey and Crassus were to be consuls again, and Caesar's command in Gaul was extended until 49 BCE.
		The Landings of Caesar in Britain, 55 and 54 BC,” which includes maps.) Meanwhile, Caesar's coalition with Pompey was increasingly strained, especially after Julia died in childbirth in 54.
	www.vroma.org /~bmcmanus/caesar.html (2411 words)

	Re: orion Re: Date of Scrolls Deposit--55 BCE? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		But why would Mish C refer to him as King unless it was shortly after Alexandra's death in 67 BCE and before he gave the throne tp Aristobulus?
		Up until Pompey stepped in, he was trying to wrest the throne back in the civil war between 67-63 BCE.
		Fragment 2 of 4Q322 refers to this as a rebellion.
	orion.mscc.huji.ac.il /orion/archives/1997b/msg00697.html (310 words)

	bad emperors; roman history, roman civilization
		Tiberius 42 BCE - 37 CE [Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus]
		Claudius - 10 BCE - 54 CE Emperor: 41 CE - 54 CE [Tiberius Claudius Nero Germanicus]
		- 3 BCE - 69 CE [Servius Sulpicius Galba]
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/bad.emperors.htm (1013 words)

	Cicero Epistulae ad Familiares 13.1 (Memmius)
		104-46 bce.) served in various political offices, the most notable of which was his term as propraetor in Bithynia, where he won the title of imperator and provoked the comic ire of Catullus (carmen x,9-13 and xxviii), who was on Memmius's staff.
		Here it introduces the protasis to a particular condition (indicative indicates that Cicero presents this as a fact: it was not clear to him whether it would be a pleasant occasion).
		Philonem: Philo was the head of the Academy (a school in Athens founded by Plato) from 110-88 bce.
	www.uvm.edu /~jbailly/commentaries/letters/ciceroadfam13.1.html (2850 words)

	Basilica Julia, Forum Romanum (Photo Archive)
		The Basilica Julia was built in 54-48 BCE by Julius Caesar as a part of his reorganisation of the Forum Romanum, where it replaced the Basilica Sempronia.
		Julius Caesar started construction in 54 BCE, but it was still unfinished at his death.
		It was dedicated again in 2 BCE, this time in the name of Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar, Augustus' designated heirs at the time.
	sights.seindal.dk /sight/165_Basilica_Julia.html (865 words)

	Battle of Medway - 43 CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Julius Caesar launched the first invasion of Britain in 55 BCE, followed shortly by a second invasion in 54 BCE.
		A collection of tribes with no dominant leadership, the Roman occupation brought a measure of stability and prosperity to the island.
		Cunobelin, leader of the Catuvellauni, rose to prominence after the annexation of the Trinovantes territory (Cambridge).
	www.wargamer.com /greatbattles/medway.asp (924 words)

	Druids Grove - FAQ - 6
		In general, it is believed by historians that the Celtic people migrated from a common Indo-European homeland somewhere in Eastern Europe and migrated westward.
		It is safe to assume that there were religious specialists of some kind there at the time, though the notion of "Druids" as a comprehensive religious and intellectual caste doesn't emerge until about 500 BCE or shortly after.
		There is good evidence that through their trade routes, and the adoption of customs indigenous to the areas they colonized, that Celtic culture experienced much change and innovation over time.
	www.druidsgrove.com /content/faq/faq06.html (443 words)

	Late Republic (133-27 BCE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Political and Land Reforms of the Gracchus Brothers (133 - 121 BCE)
		Marius and Sulla- The Revolts in Afrcia (113 - 78 BCE)
		Spartacus Revolt of the Slaves (73 BCE - 71 BCE)
	www.boundaryschools.com /perley/kencon/pages/laterepublic.html (138 words)

	McManus Images Index Roman Coins: Republic and Principate
		In 390 BCE, the sacred geese of Juno warned (monere) the Romans about an impending attack by Gauls, hence her temple on the Capitoline was dedicated to Juno Moneta.
		This coin was issued by the moneyer C. Numonius Vaala; the likeness on the coin is similar to portraits of Fulvia, wife of Antony, in the guise of Victory that appeared on coins from Eumachia, a Phrygian city of which Fulvia was patron.
		Republican denarius depicting Tarpeia crushed by the shields of the Sabines, minted at Rome, 89 BCE
	www.vroma.org /images/mcmanus_images/indexcoins.html (2469 words)

	[No title]
		700 BCE - Hallstatt Era: Rise of the Celts.
		c.500 BCE - the concept of "Druids" as a comprehensive religious and intellectual caste emerges among the Celtic peoples
		c.500 - 450 BCE - End of Halstatt Era, Beginning of La Tène: Heroic Age Celts.
	www.angelfire.com /oh3/MoonMaiden/History03.html (843 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Mithridates and The Roman Conquests in the East, 90-61 BCE, excerpts from Appian, Mithridatic Wars, 114-119, and Plutarch, Life of Lucullus.[At this Site]:Julius Caesar(100-44 BCE):
		The Landings of Caesar in Britain, 55 and 54 BCE[At Athenapub]2ND
		The Roman Candidate, 64, 54 BCE Quintus Cicero, Letter to His Brother Marcus Cicero, on the problems of running for office.
	school.pressian.com /dictionary/literature_his_13.htm (646 words)

	Greek and Hellenistic Urbanism
		High density housing: the insulae of Rome and Ostia, with ground floor domus or tabernae, upper story cenaculae/apartments.
		Note: Forum Julium/Forum of Caesar (54-46 BCE) and temple of Venus Genetrix; Forum of Augustus (2 BCE) and temple of Mars Ultor; Forum of Nerva, Temple of Peace/Forum of Vespasian; Trajan's Forum, 109-113 CE (forum, Basilica Ulpia (plan;interior), Trajan's column).
		Origins of the Roman plan: Pompeii, founded as native town 6C BCE, enlarged ca.
	arch.ced.berkeley.edu /courses/arch170/past/fall99/9-28-99.html (357 words)

	Time (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		600 BCE - Goidelic-speaking Celts from Spain arrive in Ireland
		387 BCE - Celtic Gauls defeat Rome at Alia
		113 BCE - War between Rome and Celtiberians
	www.mindtravel.com /gael/time.html (240 words)

	The Hasmonean Dynasty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		On this example, the name of Alexander on the obverse is off the flan, and the Hebrew letters on the reverse are nearly worn away.
		Under Alexander Jannaeus, the Jewish nation grew to about the size it had been in the legendary time of Kings David and Solomon.
		In 63 BCE, the famous Roman general Pompey was in the area, so they went to him to settle their dispute.
	www.electriciti.com /garstang/judaean/hasmonean.htm (1015 words)

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