56 kbit - Factbites

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Topic: 56 kbit

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	56 kbit/s line - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A 56 kbit/s line is a digital connection (possibly a leased line, possibly switched) capable of carrying 56 kilobits per second (kbit/s), the data rate of a normal single channel digital telephone line in North America.
		The figure of 56 kbits/s is derived from its implementation using the same digital infrastructure used since the 1960s for digital telephony in the PSTN, which uses a PCM sampling rate of 8000Hz used with 8-bit sample encoding to encode analogue signals into a digital stream of 64000 bits/s.
		With the wide deployment of faster, cheaper, technologies such as ADSL and SDSL, 56 kbits/s lines are generally considered to be an obsolescent technology.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/56k_line (305 words)

	Broadband Internet access - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In general, any connection to the customer of 256 kbit/s (0.256 Mbit/s) or more is considered broadband Internet.
		In Australia the telephone monopoly Telstra artificially limits ADSL speeds to 1.5 Mbit/s downstream and 256 kbit/s upstream.
		The FCC definition of broadband is 200 kbit/s (0.2 Mbit/s) in one direction, and advanced broadband is at least 200 kbit/s in both directions.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bandwidth_constraints (4323 words)

	Requirements
		A 56 kbit/s line could transfer a 20 Mbyte image in approximately 6 minutes, which was felt by the observing community to be adequate.
		A 56 kbit/s line was chosen for several reasons.
		Although a full T1 channel, operating at 1.536 Mb/s would be ideal, the cost of such a line would be approximately $2,000,000 per year, versus approximately $125,000 per year for the smaller bandwidth.
	www.jach.hawaii.edu /JACdocs/JAC/JACSN/013.1/node3.html (150 words)

	Modem - Biocrawler
		The last major advance in modem design was the 56 kbit/s standard, introduced in the late 1990s.
		This limit is around 33.6 kbit/s (near the Shannon limit), which became possible due more to improvements in the underlying phone system than anything in the technology of the modems themselves.
		In all of these cases the high-speed line was set to 9600 bit/s, and the low-speed line to between 75 and 300 bit/s.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Modem (3553 words)

	modem.html
		Obviously 56 kbit isn't harmful to anyone or anything, so these laws are probably going to be repealed or modified in the next year or so to allow the full bandwidth 56 kbit transmissions.
		As old T-1 trunk lines get replaced, the technical reason that makes the 56 kbit modems throw away 1/8 of the data is disappearing.
		If the trunk line between you and your destination happens to be new enough, and you have the right modem, you can get the full 64 kbits per second.
	www.ski-epic.com /randomstorage/modem.html (633 words)

	Physical configuration
		The voice channels as well as data channels are time multiplexed onto the 56 kbit/s line and separated out at each end.
		A dedicated 56 kbit/s data line has been installed between Hilo and Edinburgh.
		This will allow use of the remaining 48 kbit/s for data, at a bandwidth of 38.4 kbit/s, with the possibility of adding another voice channel at a later date.
	www.jach.hawaii.edu /JACdocs/JAC/JACSN/013.1/node4.html (277 words)

	Cisco - Troubleshooting Serial Line Problems
		If the interface is attached to a serial line with a line speed that does not match the default (1536 or 1544 for T1 and 56 for a standard synchronous serial line), use the bandwidth command to specify the correct line speed for this serial line.
		If the line protocol comes up when the CSU or DSU is in local loopback mode, this suggests that the problem is occurring on the remote end of the serial connection.
		Line build out (LBO) compensates for the loss in decibels based on the distance from the device to the first repeater in the circuit.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/112/chapter15.htm (13319 words)

	design.v01
		Number _______ 77___ Remote 56 kbit line (dedicated) Number _______ 80 Type of User phone line into La Plaza ------------------------------------- 81___ Local dialup..................
		Number _______ 73___ Local 56 kbit line (dedicated).
		Number _______ 76___ Remote 56 kbit line (dialup)...
	www.well.com:70 /0/Community/communets/laplaza/design.v01 (385 words)

	CalREN - UCB Digital Seismic Network
		The installation of 56 Kbit frame relay connections to each of the 21 UC Berkeley stations will provide rapid and reliable data acquisition, while the installation of a 1.5 Mbit T1 frame relay link between UC Berkeley and the USGS Menlo Park will facilitate the real-time data exchange between these centers of earthquake monitoring.
		A 56 Kbit frame relay connection to each of the current UC Berkeley 21 seismic stations.
		The essential first step in this program is the installation of a test 56 Kbit line in Haviland Hall on the UC Berkeley Campus and the installation of the T1 link to UC Berkeley.
	www.seismo.berkeley.edu /seismo/calren/calren.overview.html (1221 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0050020261
		[0057] As shown at step 616, the gateway 30 passes the query 320 to the MSC 34 over a 56 Kbit network, for example.
		The system according to claim 57, wherein the controller is in communication with a telecommunication switch associated with the first network.
		In one embodiment of the claimed invention the communication can be accomplished by way of a transport that is capable of transmitting information through the gateway 30.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20050020261".PGNR.&OS=DN/20050020261&RS=DN/20050020261 (6801 words)

	oecdrep.htm
		As indicated in Table 9, in most OECD Member countries it is possible to obtain a 56 kbit/s or 64 kbit/s leased line at a fixed rate per month with unlimited usage.
		In fact, the price quoted for a 56 kbit/s leased line access to the Internet by the Helix Internet, an IAP in British Columbia, was less expensive than a listed 56 kbit/s leased line charge, over two kilometres, from the PTO used in OECD comparisons in the “Communications Outlook” to represent Canada.
		In fact the different rates of access via 1.5 Mbit/s lines marketed in North America (12 per cent of respondents) and 2 Mbit/s lines in the rest of the OECD area (4 per cent of respondents), recorded in the survey shown in Table 8, is remarkable.
	www.users.on.net /~tomk/economic/oecd/oecdrep.htm (16841 words)

	1.3 Bandwidth and Speed
		An older modem has a bandwidth of 33.6 KBit/s (KBit per second).
		But to store an image, each pixel needs one or more Byte depending on the number of colours, for example for images with 256 colours one Byte and for images with true colours (16 million colours) three Byte.
		There are different reasons for that: Sometimes, the terminal equipment does not correspond to the possibilities of the line; a very old modem would transfer data only very slowly, even using a good phone line.
	www.tu-chemnitz.de /urz/zin/lehre/en/html/1-grundlagen/3-bandbreite.htm (596 words)

	Principles of Information Display for Visualization Practitioners
		Nobody uses a 1200 baud modem when a 56 Kbit leased line is available.
		Draw grids with a thin line and a light color, preferably grey.
		This 1 + 1 = 3 or more effect is important, and "most of the time, that surplus visual activity is non-information, noise, and clutter." However, "the noise of 1 + 1 = 3 is directly proportional to the contrast in value (light/dark) between figure and ground.
	www2.cs.uregina.ca /~rbm/cs100/notes/spreadsheets/tufte_paper.html (2381 words)

	56 kbit modem transformers
		The advent of high-speed 56kBit modems has necessitated the design of Line Isolation Transformers that are capable of providing extremely low distortion across a wide frequency range.
		Double section bobbins are used except for the Z1656/4 and PC3456 versions which are concentrically wound on single section bobbins for closer coupling of the windings thus providing extremely low leakage inductance figures.
		OEP offers the user a number of different variants, with industry standard pin outs, from which to select a device to satisfy particular technical and commercial considerations.
	www.oep.co.uk /56kbit_modem_transformers/56kbit_modem_transformers.html (124 words)

	Berkeley Digital Seismic Network
		Our CalREN grant provided for a 56 KBit/second line at each of the remote seismic stations and GPS stations, and a single 1.5 MBit/second T1 circuit at UC Berkeley to receive the data from all of the stations that use frame relay.
		In addition, we were granted an additional 1.5 MBit/second at UC Berkeley and a corresponding T1 circuit at USGS Menlo Park to be used for the real-time exchange of seismic data between the BSL and Menlo Park.
		Although background noise at the Carmenet Winery location periodically increases due to the bottling, shipping, and refrigeration activity, data are typically suitable for observation of both local and teleseismic activity.
	seismo.berkeley.edu /seismo/annual_report/ar97_98/node5.html (4523 words)

	The Xerox "Star": A Retrospective
		For example, there are many ways to determine the position and length of a line of text on a page.
		When a line segment is selected, its control points are shown.
		It was interactive (i.e., on-line) when almost all computing was batch.
	www.digibarn.com /friends/curbow/star/retrospect (11840 words)

	Chapter 14. Linux in the Network
		For applications, it is irrelevant whether data is transmitted via a 100 MBit/s FDDI network or via a 56-kbit/s modem line.
		Likewise, it is irrelevant for the data line which kind of data is being transmitted, as long as packets are in the correct format.
		In this manner, one layer only communicates with the layer directly above or below it.
	www.novell.com /de-de/documentation/suse91/suselinux-adminguide/html/ch14.html (2357 words)

	INTERNET.RESGUIDE
		There is also a 64 kbit line to CWI in Amsterdam, Holland and a 56 kbit line to JvNC, Princeton, USA.
		Our original and slowest lines are 56kb/s, and these remain the normative circuit technology for access from individual sites.
		Westnet is a Wide Area Network operating at moderate (56 kbps) and high (T-1, i.e., 1.544 Mbps) data transmission capacities, providing connectivity from end nodes to the NSFNet backbone.
	ftp.cac.psu.edu /pub/internexus/INTERNET.RESGUIDE (12447 words)

	USGSreport4.html
		The communication links are as follows, and consist of individual, dedicated 56 Kbit full-duplex telephone lines:
		These lines have been made into a private Internet by exploiting the abilities of routers to makes the entire CREST network appear like a TCP/IP subnet, much as one would find inside a building.
		The sending computers at the various seismic centers are configured to send their data in two sets: a Primary data set which goes over the dedicated lines, and a Secondary set which is shipped via the Internet.
	www.pmel.noaa.gov /tsunami-hazard/USGSreport4.html (710 words)

	980617_presentation.ppt
		The circuit-switched network (narrow-band ISDN or the switched 56 kbit/s phone line) 1.
		H.320 was defined for a circuit-switched narrow-band ISDN environment at bandwidths ranging from 64 kbit/s to over 2 Mbit/s.
		Once established, a connection is dedicated between the endpoint's and bandwidth is guaranteed for the duration of the call.
	www.cs.usyd.edu.au /~xiaomei/presentation/980617_presentation.ppt (1461 words)

	netware_vs_nt.txt
		At 10 million lines, Netware 4.11 is almost svelte by comparison.
		Then there's the little matter of bulk: NT 4.0 Enterprise Edition has ballooned to 30 million lines of code (close to the size of IBM's MVS mainframe OS).
		The Bottom Line CONTACT AUTHORS lbruno@data.com saunders@data.com Price is always a concern with any business decision.
	www.inter-corporate.com /products/network/tco/netware_vs_nt.txt (4043 words)

	NSW.net - Rural Link
		This is clearly much greater capacity than a standard dial-up line via 56 kbit/s modem.
		The one-way satellite provides 400 kbit/s bandwidth out from the satellite, and 64 kbit/s back via ISDN.
		Rural Link provides sustainable, high speed Internet and online access for public and/or not-for-profit community institutions to at least 186 buildings in 75 small towns across rural and remote NSW.
	www.nswnet.net /rurallink (454 words)

	CSU Divace Oy Virtual Language Lab VLL Information
		The learning materials are prepared according to different access levels in terms of network connections, from 56 kbit/s modem to DSL line and up to Tl connection.
		This means selecting, producing and/or preparing material for digital distance usage, categorizing and possibly enhancing with tool specific (Divace, Partner Tools, etc.) added value.
		The materials will be placed and organized using Teleste LibraryPilot database system.
	www.calstate.edu /csu-vll/info.shtml (363 words)

	Glossary
		To give you an idea of the difference that this speed can make, a 150 Kbyte Word document takes about 21 seconds to download using a 56 kbit/s dial-up modem, but less than 1 second on a 1.5 Mbit/s broadband link.
		Similarly, an 8 Mbyte PowerPoint presentation takes about 19 minutes to download using a 56 kbit/s dial-up modem but only about 43 seconds on a 1.5 Mbit/s broadband link.
		These services transform, manage, and run key business processes, including customer relationship management, sourcing and procurement, and employee services, applying e-business technologies to achieve significant operational improvements.
	www.e-businessguide.gov.au /site/text_only.cfm?nav_id=611 (363 words)

	Spis z programu DivxCataloger
		MPEG Layer 3, 56 kbit, 22050 Hz, 2 chan
		MPEG Layer 3, 56 kbit, 24000 Hz, 2 chan
		MPEG Layer 3, 48 kbit, 22050 Hz, 2 chan
	www.cbmmedia.com.ar /mandalajade/ing.htm (363 words)

	ipedia.com: 56 kbps Article
		56 kbps (56 kilobits per second, correctly 56 kbit/s) is the data capacity of a normal single channel digital telephone line in North America.
		56 kbps is the data capacity of a normal single channel digital telephone line in North America.
		Starware search is an excellent resource for quality sites on 56 kbps and much more!
	www.ipedia.com /56_kbps.html (363 words)

	Encyclopedia entries starting with 56
		56 - 562 - 564 - 565 - 566 - 56th Division - 561 - 56 (number) - 567 - 56 Melete - 56 BC - 563 - 569 - 56 kbit/s line
	encycl.opentopia.com /5/56 (42 words)

	Aronsson's Telecom History Timeline
		Â¶ The five NSF supercomputing centers are connected by a 56 kbit/s backbone network.
		Â¶ The Swedish University Network (SUNET) moves from X.25 to a 64 kbit/s wide-area ethernet (Vitalink equipment) that carries TCP/IP aswell as DECnet and other protocols.
		This also sparks an evolution of regional networks around each center.
	www.aronsson.se /hist.html (42 words)

	G.722 7 kHz audio coding within 64 kbit/s using sub-band adaptive differential pulse code modulation (SB-ADPCM)
		The three basic possible modes of operation which correspond to the bit rates available for audio coding at the input of the decoder are: Mode 1 64 kbit/s mode 2 56 kbit/s and Mode 3 48 kbit/s.
		The 64 kbit/s (7 kHz) audio encoder includes a transmit audio part which converts an audio signal to a uniform digital signal which is coded using 14 bits with 16 kHz sampling and a SB-ADPCM encoder which reduces the bit rate to 64 kbit/s.
		The audio coding algorithm has been chosen such that, without sending any indication to the encoder, the least significant bit or two least significant bits of the lower sub-band may be used downstream from the 64 kbit/s (7 kHz) audio encoder in order to substitute the auxiliary data channel bits.
	www.vocal.com /data_sheets/g722.html (459 words)

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