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Topic: 57 BCE

	The Rise of Herod I, "The Great"
		In 37 BCE, Herod finally won through and had Antigonus executed.
		This 2-Prutot (pru-TOHT) coin was minted under Herod I. The obverse features a cross surrounded by an open diadem, with "Herod the King" in Greek.
		After the infamous "Ides of March" assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE, Marc Antony and Octavian were rivals to replace him as supreme ruler of Rome.
	www.garstang.us /judaean/herodians.htm (596 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Chinese Lelang commandery invaded in 28 BCE but seeing that the people enjoyed piles of grain and did not lock their doors at night, called Silla a moral nation and retreated.
		In 20 BCE, the king of the Mahan confederacy demanded a tribute, and Silla sent an emissary.
		In 5 BCE, East Okjeo (a small state to the north, later conquered by Goguryeo) sent an emissary, and Hyeokgeose presented him with 20 horses.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Bak_Hyeokgeose_of_Silla (740 words)

	Marcus Caelius Rufus
		He was born in 82 BCE to a family of eques in Interamnia (Teramo) or Puteoli.
		Cicero was recalled from exile in 57 BCE with the help of his ally Titus Annius Milo, who was tribune at the time.
		Rufus was elected to the office of tribune in 52 BCE and the office of aedile in 50 BCE.
	www.xasa.com /wiki/en/wikipedia/m/ma/marcus_caelius_rufus.html (479 words)

	Table of Contents
		He was awarded the Judean high-priesthood by Alexander Balas [152 BCE] and later rewarded with full control of Judean territory after he defeated Demetrius II [147 BCE].
		After her death [67 BCE] he was deposed by his younger brother, Aristobulus, but with the support of Antipater he was restored to the high-priesthood after Roman forces wrested control of Jerusalem from his brother's aristocratic supporters [63 BCE].
		He was supported by the Sadducees but was driven from Jerusalem [65 BCE] by Arab armies of Nabatea [Jordan], who came to his brother's aid at the invitation of Antipater.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/History/temp.html (1617 words)

	The Celtic Tribes of Roman Gaul
		This was the spark that ignited the rebellion of Vercingetorix.
		During the Belgic resistance of 57 BCE the Menapii contributed 7 000 men (in contrast the Morini contributed 25 000, a good indication of the relative sizes of the tribes at the time).
		In 57 BCE they were a part of the Belgian coalition against Julius Caesar led by the Bellovaci and provided 10 000 men to the cause.
	www.celtnet.org.uk /gaulish-tribes.html (17096 words)

	History of Iran: Parthian Empire
		After the fall of the Achaemenid Empire, Parthia, northeastern Iran, was governed by the Seleucid kings: a Macedonian dynasty that ruled in the Asian territories of the former Persian Empire.
		In July 141 BCE Mithradates captured the Seleucid capital Seleucia, and in October he reached Uruk in the south of Babylonia.
		In 69 BCE, the two enemies concluded a treaty: the Euphrates would be the border.
	www.iranchamber.com /history/parthians/parthians.php (1968 words)

	Indo-Scythians
		Around 175 BCE, the Yuezhi tribes (probable related to the Tocharians) who lived in modern day Gansu, were defeated by the Xiongnu (Huns) tribes, and had to migrate towards the West into the Ili river area.
		Sometime after 155 BCE, the Yuezhi were again defeated by an alliance of the Wusun and the Xiongnu, and were forced to move south, again displacing the Scythians, who migrated south towards Bactria, and south-west towards Parthia and Afghanistan.
		The presence of the Scythians in north-western India during the 1st century BCE was contemporary with that of the Indo-Greek Kingdoms there, and it seems they initially recognized the power of the local Greek rulers.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2Fen%2FIndo-Scythians (1812 words)

	Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Rome
		Cicero (105-43 BCE): On the Genres of Rhetoric.
		Horace (65-8 BCE): Secular hymn, and Vergil (70-19 BCE): Aeneid, VI.ii.789-800, 847-853.
		A Roman Harvest Sacrifice, from Cato, On Agriculture 134, 160 BCE [At enteract.com]
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/ancient/asbook09.html (3452 words)

	Antigonus
		The murder of Antipater [43 BCE] — the chief supporter of his uncle, Hyrcanus II — led Antigonus to launch a last attempt to seize control of Judea.
		Proclaiming Antigonus "king" [basileus], a Parthian force took Jerusalem [40 BCE], deposed Hyrcanus from the high-priesthood and held Herod's older brother, Phasael, hostage.
		With his Parthian allies bested by Marc Antony, Antigonus was isolated and eventually captured in Jerusalem by Herod [37 BCE], who delivered him to the Romans at Antioch, where he was beheaded: the first "king" to be so executed at the hands of Rome.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/antigonus.html (164 words)

	BCE Releases Earnings - Discount Long Distance Digest - 142-039
		BCE also recorded net gains on investments of $122 million, mainly the gain on the sale by Bell Canada of an approximate 36% interest in Telebec and Northern Telephone.
		BCE Emergis' revenue was $142 million in the quarter, compared with $159 million in revenues for the same period in 2001, due mainly to a decline in non-recurring revenues.
		BCE Ventures' revenue was $261 million in the quarter, flat compared with the same period of 2001.
	www.thedigest.com /more/142/142-039.html (1904 words)

	Roman Calendar - September (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On this day in 31 BCE, the famous Battle of Actium was fought, in which Mark Antony was defeated by Octavian, the future Augustus.
		On this day in 175 BCE, the king of the Seleucid empire, Seleucus IV Philopator, who was the successor of Alexander, died.
		On this day in 57 BCE, after the senate had voted to restore him, Cicero entered Rome in triumph after returning from exile in Greece.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/w/x/wxk116/RomanCalendar/sep01.htm (550 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Catullus was born in Verona, in about the year 84 BCE, to a wealthy equestrian family.
		In 57 BCE he accompanied his friend, Memmius, to Bithynia where Memmius received the post of propraetor.
		Catullus likely died in 54 BCE, several years after his short stint on the staff of the Governer of Bithynia.
	www.angelfire.com /poetry/catullus0/life.htm (278 words)

	Gaius Valerius Catullus Biography - Poems
		Gaius Valerius Catullus was born in 84 BCE.
		Catullus was also an admirer of Sappho, 7th century BCE poetess.
		Catullus 51 is in fact a direct verse translation of Sappho 31, while Catullus 61 and Catullus 62 were inspired by and perhaps translations of Sappho.
	www.poemofquotes.com /gaiusvaleriuscatullus (328 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Joseon Dynasty
		The Three Kingdoms period in Korea is usually considered to run from the 1st century BCE until Sillas triumph over Goguryeo in...
		Baekje (or Paekche) and later Nambuyeo (18 BCE â€“ 660 CE) was a kingdom in the southwest of the Korean Peninsula.
		Silla (also spelled Shilla, traditional dates 57 BCE - 935 CE) was one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Joseon-Dynasty (2477 words)

	Roman Civilization Bates College Winter 2002 - M. Imber Bona Dea, Gracchi
		As it happened, Cicero was smack dab in the middle of dealing with the Catilinarian affair, which that very day had taken quite a nasty turn when several members of the Senate were discovered to have been part of a revolutionary plot to overthrow the Republic (and murder a lot of senators).
		The sources also suggest that Gaius knew that he was risking his life by continuing his brother's program of agrarian reform, and for this reason his mother in a letter (whose authenticity is a subject of rabid debate) urged him not to pursue a political career..
		Her oldest temple was built near the Forum in 367 BCE after a truce in the conflict of orders and a festival was held in her honor in July.
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv02/w5c1.lec.htm (3609 words)

	Silla Information
		It began around 57 BCE as a chiefdom in the Samhan confederacies.
		The tail end of this period saw the emergence of the kingdoms of Later Baekje and Later Goguryeo and the eventual rise of the Goryeo dynasty.
		Silla is traditionally said to have been founded around the Gyeongju region by Bak Hyeokgeose in 57 BCE.
	www.bookrags.com /Silla (2074 words)

	Definition of Parthia
		The Parthian Empire was the dominating force on the Iranian plateau beginning in the late 3rd century BCE, and intermittently controlled Mesopotamia between ca 190 BCE and 224 CE.
		In 139 BCE, the Parthian king Mithridates I captured the Seleucid monarch, Demetrius Nicator, and held him captive for ten years, while the Parthians overwhelmed Mesopotamia and Media.
		By 129 BCE the Parthians were in control of all the lands right to the Tigris River, and established their winter encampment at Ctesiphon on the banks of the Tigris downstream from modern Baghdad.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Parthia (834 words)

	Natural History Museum: Cats! Wild to Mild: DOMESTICATION
		Around 4000 BCE, cattle breeders, plant gatherers, and seasonal cultivators began to settle and become farmers on the high ground at the foot of the desert plateau and on "turtle backs," or sandy ridges, in the Nile Delta, where the river breaks into tributaries before flowing into the Mediterranean.
		About 4000 BCE, the first permanent settlements, granaries and silos, and other basic preconditions for cat-human contacts were in place.
		Then, from about 1000-350 BCE, cats became regarded as manifestations of the goddess Bastet, and perhaps others, and were bred in large numbers in the temples.
	www.nhm.org /cats/P24/more.htm (918 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Nara period
		Glossary The Japanese Paleolithic) covers a period from around 100,000 [citation needed] to 30,000 BCE, when the earliest stone tool implements have been found, to around 12,000 BCE, at the end of the last Ice-age, which corresponds to the beginning of the Mesolithic Jomon Period.
		Goguryeo (traditional founding date 37 BCE; probably 2nd century BCE â€“ 668 CE) was an ancient Korean kingdom located in the northern Korean Peninsula and Manchuria.
		The Three Kingdoms period in Korea is usually considered to run from the 1st century BCE (specifically 57 BC) until Sillas triumph over...
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Nara-period (5024 words)

	Visual Arts: The Art of Parthians
		circa 50 BCE - 50 CE omination of Iran and Mesopotamia was wrested from the Seleucids by the Parthians, a people said to have been originally a Scythian tribe but who obtained the name by which they are known in world history from the eastern Iranian province of Parthava.
		Its economic importance in the second century BCE is documented by a delegation sent to the Parthian capital by the Han emperor Wu-ti (141-87 BCE).
		The obverse of these coins shows the great king with a distinctive profile and long beard; from the middle of his reign he was shown with a tall cap decorated with rows of pearls and jewels, which formed a large star on the side.
	www.iranchamber.com /art/articles/art_of_parthians.php (3429 words)

	Hist5 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Earlier, in 89 BCE, Mithridates invaded parts of Asia massacring all the Roman inhabitants of the province.
		Gnaeus Pompeius, born in 106 BCE, supported the victorous patrician Cornelius Sulla in the civil war against the supporters of the populist Gaius Marius (84-78 BCE).
		In an extremely fragmentary text that appears to be a record of the proper rotation of priests based on a six-year cycle (4Q323-24), there are references to historical events around the time of the appearance of the Romans in Palestine.
	www.abu.nb.ca /Courses/NTIntro/InTest/Hist5.htm (2874 words)

	Discoveries
		Between 58 and 51 BCE, the conquest of what Caesar referred to as "the three Gauls" was the logical extension of the conquest of southern Gaul, which had
		In 57 BCE he penetrated Belgian Gaul and forged an alliance with the
		After having subjugated the tribes along the Atlantic in 56 BCE, he isolated the Gauls from their natural allies thanks to a campaign in Germania.
	www.culture.gouv.fr /fr/arcnat/aerien/en/decou5a-pg1.htm (318 words)

	Julius Caesar, Romans (Photo Archive) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Caesar was born in 102 or 100 BCE into the ancient patrician family of the Iulii who claimed ancestry from Aeneas of Troy, one of the mythical founders of Rome, and the goddess Venus, but few members of the family had distinguished themselves in the previous generations.
		In 56 BCE the alliance of Caesar, Crassus and Pompey met fierce opposition in the senate in Rome and one candidate for the consulship in 55 BCE promised to call back Caesar and prosecute him if he won the election.
		In 48 BCE he held his second consulate, in 47 BCE he was dictator again, in 46 BCE third time consul and dictator, in 45 BCE consul for the fourth time and dictator and finally in 44 BCE fifth time consul and dictator for life.
	sights.seindal.dk /sight/766_Julius_Caesar-all.html (5354 words)

	Julius Ceasar essays
		Julius Caesar was born on the 13th of Quintilis, which is now July in 100 BCE to Gaius Caesar, which became part of his full name, Gaius Julius Caesar.
		With these legions, he defeated the Nervil tribe in 57 BCE during what was known as "The Belgic Campaign".
		BCE Caesar, Asia Turkey, Rome Caesar, C-section Caesar, Lucinius Crasus, Aunt Julia, Julius Caesar, British Channel, Uncle Marius, Caesar Roman, bce caesar, julius caesar, gaius julius, gaius julius caesar, rome caesar, died caesar, 47 bce, caesar born, lay command, debating government caesar, ruler rome, caesar roman ruler, caesar decided, government debating government, ruler rome caesar,
	www.megaessays.com /viewpaper/71111.html (519 words)

	II Journal: Decorative Painting of Korea
		The ch'aesaekhwa ("painting in brilliant colors") style of painting has long played an important role in the history of Korean painting, predating even the ink monochrome style favored by Korean professional and scholar-amateur painters from the end of the Choson dynasty (1392-1910).
		Famous painters of the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCE - 668), such as Tamjing of the Koguryo kingdom (37 BCE - 668), Insaraa and Prince Ajwa of the Paekche kingdom (18 BCE - 660), and Solgo of the Silla kingdom (57 BCE - 668) all appear to have painted with colors.
		Ever since the Three Kingdoms period (57 BC - 668), Korea has retained skilled painters in the service of its court and aristocracy.
	www.umich.edu /~iinet/journal/vol6no1/paikkim.html (2200 words)

	Edfu information - Search.com
		Edfu (also spelt Idfu or in modern French as Edfou and known in antiquity as Behdet) is an Egyptian city, located on the west bank of the River Nile between Esna and Aswan, with a population of approximately sixty thousand people.
		The town is known for the major Ptolemaic temple, built between 237 BCE to 57 BCE.
		The settlement at Edfu was the capital of the Second Upper Egypt nome, it flourished and doubled in size around 3400 BCE and played an important role within the region during the First Intermediate Period.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Edfu (807 words)

	International Society for Sephardic Progress (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 332 BCE the Persian empire collapsed, and Judea became a Greek province.
		In 88 BCE the Pharisees and other Torá patriots were so outraged by the violent and blasphemous behavior of Jannaeus, that they asked the Greek king of Syria to help destroy him.
		The city was rebuilt and fortified in 57 BCE, and in 30 BCE it was given by Augustus to King Herod, however it was completely destroyed, during the same period as the siege of Masada.
	isfsp.org /gaza.html (1025 words)

	Carnutes
		In the 1st century BCE, the Carnutes minted coins, usually struck with dies, but sometimes cast in an alloy of high tin content called "potin." Their coinage turns up in hoards well outside their home territories, in some cases so widely distributed in the finds that the place of coinage is not secure.
		The iconography of their numismatics includes the motives of heads with traditional Celtic torques; a wolf with a star; a galloping horse; the triskelion.
		On February 13, 53 BCE the Carnutes of Cenabum massacred all the Roman merchants stationed in the town as well as one of Caesar's commissariat officers.
	www.dejavu.org /cgi-bin/get.cgi?ver=93&url=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.gourt.com%2F%3Farticle%3DCarnutes%26type%3Den (678 words)

	Archeologist: King Herod's tomb desecrated, but discovery 'high point' - Haaretz - Israel News
		Professor Ehud Netzer of the university's Institute of Archaeology told reporters Tuesday that the tomb was discovered when a team of researchers found pieces of a limestone sarcophagus believed to belong to the ancient king.
		Herod, whose father and grandfather converted to Judaism, was appointed governor of Galilee at the age of 25 and was made "King of the Jews" by the Roman senate in approximately 40 BCE.
		In the year 43 BCE, when Herod was still governor of the Galilee, he was forced to flee Jerusalem along with his family after his enemies the Parthians laid siege to the city.
	www.haaretz.com /hasen/spages/856784.html (1001 words)

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