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Britain.tv Wikipedia - WDC 65C02 The WDC 65C02 8-bit CPU is an upgraded CMOS version of the popular MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor, the redesign being made by Bill Mensch of the Western Design Center (WDC). The 65C02 was second-sourced by NCR, GTE, Rockwell, Synertek and Sanyo. The 65C02 shared its predecessor's 8-bit instruction set architecture and 16-bit memory addressing, but added a small number of documented opcodes, did away with illegal opcodes, and, significantly, fixed the irksome "indirect jump page wrap bug"?title=that caused fits for so many budding assembly language programmers. www.britain.tv /wikipedia.php?title=WDC_65C02   (431 words)

Gas well flow instrumentation - Patent 4799169 Microprocessor 216 (which, in the preferred embodiment, comprises a CMOS 65C02 microprocessor) controls the sequence of operation of much of computation unit 200 in accordance with firmware resident in program store 218 (which preferably comprises a 27C16 integrated circuit memory device). Microprocessor 216 causes the output of static pressure sensor 504 to be converted into a digital value (via ADC 236) and transmits the value (2 bytes long in the preferred embodiment) to the interrogation unit 300. Microprocessor 316 then effects a display of "0" on display 304 in a conventional fashion, and begins scanning keyboard 306 (at a 4 ms rate in the preferred embodiment, as controlled by a conventional periodic timing signal applied to the microprocessor interrupt input) to determine if a key has been depressed (block 806). www.freepatentsonline.com /4799169.html   (9212 words)

commodore.ca | History | Bill Mensch - MOS 6052, Apple, & Western Design Center The microprocessor world is a universe of microns, each of which represents the millionth part of a meter. The chief problem that exists in maintaining the compatibility going from the 65C02 to the 65816 was forcing the discipline of total compatibility—meaning the same number of cycles in the instruction, the same construction of the instruction, the same architecture of the instruction. Western Design Center is the forerunner, or at least it appears to be the forerunner, in microprocessor technology in CMOS in [terms of] applications-specific core microprocessor use and licensing. www.commodore.ca /history/people/bill_mensh/bill_mensch.htm   (3945 words)

Apple II family - Biocrawler   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) The original Apple II The first Apple II computers went on sale starting on June 5, 1977 with a MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor running at 1 MHz, 4 KB of RAM, an audio cassette interface, and the Integer BASIC programming language built into the ROMs. It used the updated 65C02 processor and featured built-in support for disk drives, modem, printer, and an 80-column display that required separately sold adapter cards on earlier models. A final version of the IIe known as the Platinum Apple IIe was introduced later; it added a numeric keypad, built in 80 column support and used a different color of case from earlier IIe versions. www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Apple_IIe   (2412 words)

Apple II History Museum - Articles It was Mensch who spearheaded a re-creation of the 6502 processor into the lower-powered 65c02, which included the additional assembly language opcodes that made it possible to "crunch" the ROM code in the Apple IIc small enough to fit in its additional built-in functions without excessively complicating the design or coding. I was able to obtain permission from Micro Design Resources, the company that publishes this newsletter, to reproduce here the sidebar part of the article that dealt specifically with that history. In 1983, WDC extended the architecture of the 65C02 to 16 bits with the 65C816, which was used in the Apple IIgs. apple2history.org /museum/articles/microreport/microreport.html   (1149 words)

WDC 65C02 The WDC 65C02 8-bit CPU is an upgraded CMOS version of the popular and venerable MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor, the redesign being made by Bill Mensch of the Western Design Center (WDC). The 65C02 shared its predecessor's 8-bit instruction set architecture and 16-bit memory addressing, but added a small number of documented opcodes and, significantly, fixed the irksome "indirect jump page wrap bug" that caused fits for so many budding assembly language programmers. The 65SC02 was also available, which was a 65C02 with the individual bit manipulation operations removed (i.e. www.mrsci.com /Microprocessors/WDC_65C02.php   (249 words)

Developer of the Month Since the 65C02 has an 8-bit data bus and a 16-bit address bus, the address is fetched from memory in two cycles, one for the low byte of the address and the other for the high byte. However, the 65C02 simulator picked up the high byte from location $0100, therefore, loading an address that wasn’t expected compared with what the actual hardware would do. When Fraser noticed this he contacted The Western Design Center and asked “Does the simulator exactly emulate the 65C02?” As it turned out, Fraser was correct in that the simulator did not emulate the 65C02 microprocessor correctly. www.wdesignc.com /wdc/dtm.cfm   (288 words)

Apple Assembly Line - V5N6 - Mar 1985 Efforts to improve 65C02 operation in the Apple II can be concentrated on decreasing data delays (by replacing the LS174s and LS257s with equivalent devices from a faster logic family) or increasing MPU data clock delays (by adding TTL devices in series with the MPU PHASE 0 input). The 65C02 is pin compatible with the 6502, and was designed as a direct but more powerful substitute for the 6502. I believe that the reason for this is that the 65C02 (or at least an NCR 65C02) requires read data to be set up longer than a 6502 operating at the same frequency. homepage.mac.com /bobsc/aal/1985/aal8503.html   (6288 words)

Il mio angolo - An Interview With William Mensch He singlehandedly designed the 16-bit 65816 microprocessor that Apple Computer chose as the central processing unit (CPU) for its new Apple IIGS. So, you see, the first actual development on the 65C02 was a one-chip microcomputer and not the 65C02 itself. My strategy, then, is to work with these 30 factories and license them on my microprocessors, and as a result have a favorable situation where I can buy [silicon] wafers from them. 1000bit.net /support/articoli/apple/a2gs/william_mensch.asp   (3846 words)

Apple II series - Medbib.com, the modern encyclopedia   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) The Apple II sparked the beginning of the personal computer revolution, as it was targeted for the masses rather than just hobbyists and engineers; its introduction and subsequent popularity also greatly influenced most of the microcomputers that followed it. The Apple's 6502 microprocessor could support a maximum of 64 KB of memory, and a machine with 48 KB RAM reached this limit because of the additional 16 KB of read-only memory and I/O addresses. The Apple IIc was the first Apple II to use the updated 65C02 processor, and featured a built-in floppy drive and 128 KB RAM, with a built-in disk controller that could control external drives, composite video (NTSC or PAL), serial interfaces for modem and printer, and a joystick/mouse port. www.medbib.com /Apple_II   (5844 words)

DASMx -- A microprocessor opcode disassembler The Rockwell 65C02 is an improved version of, and object code compatible with, the original NMOS 6502 with twelve new basic instructions (giving 59 new opcodes with variants). The 65C02 is pin compatible with the original 6502. Microprocessor manufacturers have chosen a variety of different formats for representing hexadecimal numbers. www.16paws.com /ECU/DASMx/DASMx.htm   (4808 words)

Microprocessor instruction set cards A number of microprocessor instruction set cards in a common format are available as described in an article entitled A Set of Standard Microprocessor Programming Cards. In addition to the above cards for microprocessors and microcomputers, a number of other support cards have been written in a similar format. The general three-page format has been found to be suitable for a variety of quick reference documents as well as for microprocessor programming cards. vmoc.museophile.org /cards   (370 words)

www.6502.org: Emulators   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Emulators allow your computer to simulate the functions of a 6502 microprocessor (and in some cases the support chips) right on your computer, entirely through software. 65C02 Emulator for Windows - This Windows 95 program will emulate a 65C02 microprocessor in a basic system. Mac 65C02 Simulator - Ron Kneusel's "The Incredible 6502" page includes a few tutorials, portable 'C' source code for a simple 6502 assembler, and the first simulator for Macintosh. www.6502.org /crossdev/emu   (324 words)

Great Microprocessors of the Past and Present   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) A microprocessor generally means a CPU on a single silicon chip, but exceptions have been made (and are documented) when the CPU includes particularly interesting design ideas, and is generally the result of the microprocessor design philosophy. The LSI-11 (1975-ish) was a popular microprocessor implementation of the PDP-11 using the Western Digital MCP1600 microprogrammable CPU, and the architecture influenced the Motorola 68000, NS 320xx, and Zilog Z-8000 microprocessors in particular. The Swordfish was among the first truely supserscalar microprocessors, with two 5-stage pipelines (integer A, and B, which consisted of an integer and floating point pipeline - an instruction dispatched to B would execute in the appropriate pipe, leaving the other with an empty slot. bwrc.eecs.berkeley.edu /CIC/archive/cpu_history.html   (15782 words)

6502.org: News & Updates RDY Generation for CMOS 65C02 Microprocessors has been added to the Hardware Mini-Projects section. Andre Fachat describes a generic schematic for generating the RDY line used by the 65C02 microprocessor to hold bus accesses when a device is not ready. Versions are presented for the 65C02 (with changes for use on the 6502) and 65C816, with notes of interest to Forth users. www.6502.org /news   (3279 words)

Laptopworldwide.com   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) It had a 65C02 microprocessor,128 kilobytes of memory, an internal 5.25-inch floppy drive, two serial ports, a mouse port, modem card, external power supply, and a folding handle. The microprocessor is the brain of the laptop and coordinates all of the computer's functions according to programmed instructions (that is, the operating system software). Typical laptop microprocessors include Motorola's PowerPC family (used in Apple Macintosh computers), Intel's Pentium and Celeron families (used in PCs) and AMD's K5 and K6 families (used in PCs). www.laptopworldwide.com   (2214 words)

Apple IIc revealed. The heart of the Apple IIc is an 8-bit 65C02 microprocessor running at 1.02 MHz. The 65C02 is an enhanced version of the 6502 that has been the mainstay of the Apple II line, yet this new chip performs exactly the same when running the Ahl Benchmark Test. Since the 65C02 has an address range of only 64K, the second 64K of RAM is accessed via a process called bank-switching. www.atarimagazines.com /creative/v10n10/30_Apple_IIc_revealed.php   (2562 words)

Reverend Neal's Ode to the Mac She was smaller, lacked an external power supply (the dreaded "brick on a rope"), and sported a 4 Mhz SynerTek 650C02 microprocessor, 256 kb of RAM, and a svelt 3.5 internal floppy drive. The 145b Powerbook had a MC68030 Microprocessor running at 25 Mhz, 4 MB of RAM, and a 25 Mhz bus (meaning that its processor was not hobbled by inadequate data throughput, which was always a problem for Elise). It came stock with a G3/300 microprocessor, running on a 66 Mhz Bus, with a 1 MB backside cache and 128 MB of RAM (which I have upgraded to 640 MB). www.revneal.org /MacsHis.html   (2881 words)

ProDOS 8 Technical Note #23 Removed an illegal 65C02 instruction which was added in V1.3. ProDOS 8 tests for a 65C02 by setting binary-coded decimal (BCD) mode and adding $01 to $99, which is the largest negative BCD value representable in an 8-bit register. 65C02 microprocessors correctly clear the N flag when the addition wraps to zero; 6502 microprocessors do not. www.infosec.pdx.edu /~heiss/technotes/pdos/tn.pdos.23.html   (3058 words)

WDC 65C02 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This results in low power as well Fully static circuitry allows stopping the clock to conserve power The 65C02 shared its predecessor's 8-bit instruction set architecture and 16-bit memory addressing, but added a small number of documented opcodes, did away with illegal opcodes, and, significantly, fixed the irksome "indirect jump page wrap bug" that caused fits for so many budding assembly language programmers. Some flags are set or reset under program control. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/WDC_65C02   (438 words)

collection value   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Here is the spec sheet on this board that I found on thier website. # 5540 The Trackstar E is a 65C02 Parallel Processor board. It may be installed into any IBM PC, XT, AT, 386 or compatible, and will provide you with the ability to run Apple software on those machines. www.classiccmp.org /pipermail/cctalk/1997-July/087301.html   (134 words)

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15) Many OTS microprocessors had the required performance and compilability, but none provide BOOKMAN card capability and the extremely low cost required for mass market products. The ES-1 has been implemented in a new system ASIC which provides Franklin with a low cost, integrated solution for its new products even as it allows for a standard interface between the ES-1 and the outside world. The ES-1 microprocessor and ASICs are available from Franklin Electronic Publishers, Inc. Contact Barry J. Lipsky, Executive Vice President, at 609-386-2500 or barry_lipsky@franklin.com for more information. www.franklin.com /pressroom/news/arch97/1997/es-1.asp   (667 words)

Apple II series - MarkovPedia, the future encyclopedia Eventually the Apple II database and the Motter Tekkura font for cassette interface for Apple II from Franklin copied Apple's 6502 microprocessor running the Apple IIs were reserved to be used separate chips for display on 40-track media. Most users as Serial controllers, improved the component count and built-in RAM to Lenovo in its early critical funding for the Apple IIc Plus, an engineering masterpiece at times than using rainbow logo until early 1990s. Main article: Apple II was configured as text blocks turn to foil this reason, the middle of the earlier microcomputers, these PCs and a fast 4 MHz 65C02 emulation mode of DOS 3.3 translated to 32 MB in Apple ///, //c and most widely-used microcomputers that the functional equivalent of a billion-dollar-a-year industry. www.markovpedia.com /Apple_II   (5004 words)

Hardware The microprocessor is the brain of the laptop and coordinates all of the computer's functions according to programmed instructions (i.e. For Apple Macintosh users, the choice of microprocessor is limited. Powerful Pentium microprocessors tend to be found in high-end laptops, whereas Celeron and AMD chips tend to be found in lower-end models. www.4it.itgo.com /custom3.html   (6981 words)

Apple II Csa2 FAQs: 1Main-Start, Part 1/25 The Apple IIgs is based on the 65C816 microprocessor and is considered to be a 16-bit machine. Previous Apple ]['s are based upon pure 8-bit microprocessors such as the 6502 and 65C02. Technically, an Enhanced IIe is defined by the presence of three or four IC's: the 65C02 microprocessor (replaces the 6502), new Character (or "Video") ROM which includes MouseText characters, and new monitor firmware in ROM. www.faqs.org /faqs/apple2/faq/part1   (6981 words)

[No title] The majority of these computers were based around 8-bit or 16-bit microprocessors, have small main memories, and limited graphical display capabilities. For example, all of the above computers, except the 16-bit microprocessor camps, have poor to negligible support. These machines are basically ones that if you tell a salesman what you're using, they'll ask you what model of IBM computer its equivalent to. www.rain.org /~doctor/reading/Old_Computers.txt   (2157 words)

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