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Topic: 80x86

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	GameDev.net - 80x86 Optimizations
		Code cannot be optimized for the 80x86 family; rather, code must be designed to produce good performance on a range of systems or optimized for particular combinations of processors and memory.
		Optimizing for the 80x86 family by aiming down the middle is quite different from optimizing for the 8088, but many PC programmers are inappropriately still applying the optimization lore they've learned over the years on the PC (or AT).
		When optimizing across the 80x86 family, the 486 will generally be the least of your worries because it is so much faster than the rest of the family; anything that runs adequately on any other processor will look terrific on the 486.
	www.gamedev.net /reference/articles/article369.asp (3712 words)

	80x86/x86/8086 Assembly/Asm Source Code Formatter
		The 80x86 Assembly Code Formatter of SourceFormatX Code Formatter is based on a powerful 80x86 assembly / x86 asm parser engine so you can exactly control the formatting details of code blocks and comments whatever you want.
		It allows all of your 80x86 assembly, x86 asm and 8086 asm source code to be presented in a consistent format of your choosing, it provides numerous source code formatting style and operations options as well as batch or individual file processing.
		The SourceFormatX 80x86 Asm Formatter is built around the powerful Assembly / ASM Syntax Parser Engines of Crossbow Software, to parse and restructure 80x86 assembly, x86 assembly and 8086 asm source code files.
	www.textrush.com /asm-8086-formatter.htm (320 words)

	Native code (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The 80x86 architecture has achieved such important status in the industry that it makes sense for us to describe how we generate native code for it, even though many of these techniques would not be necessary on RISC architectures.
		The 80x86 does not have general-purpose postincrement and predecrement operators, which are used frequently in 680x0 code.
		The 80x86 register set is treated as a cache for recently used 680x0 registers, and the 80x86 CC bits are used as a cache for the 680x0 CC bits.
	www.ardi.com /SynPaper/node5.html (755 words)

	CHAPTER SIX: THE 80x86 INSTRUCTION SET (Part 1)
		When the direction flag is clear the 80x86 processes string elements from low addresses to high addresses; when set the CPU processes strings in the opposite direction.
		While it is important to have a general understanding of how the 80x86 encodes instructions it is not important that you memorize the encodings for all the instructions in the instruction set.
		The push instructions move data onto the 80x86 hardware stack and the pop instructions move data from the stack to memory or to a register.
	www.oopweb.com /Assembly/Documents/ArtOfAssembly/Volume/Chapter_6/CH06-1.html (6197 words)

	Art of Assembly: Chapter Four
		The register set for each processor in the 80x86 family is a superset of those in the preceding CPUs.
		See "Segments on the 80x86" on page 151 for more details on the exact nature of the segment registers.
		Of course, despite the fact that the 80x86 family uses segmented addressing, the actual (physical) memory connected to the CPU is still a linear array of bytes.
	maven.smith.edu /~thiebaut/ArtOfAssembly/CH04/CH04-1.html (5281 words)

	Art of Assembly: Chapter Three
		Since the 80x86 family busses are eight, 16, 32, or 64 bits wide, most data accesses are also eight, 16, 32, or 64 bits.
		The 80x86 family, unlike many other processors, provides two distinct address spaces: one for memory and one for I/O. While the memory address busses on various 80x86 processors vary in size, the I/O address bus on all 80x86 CPUs is 16 bits wide.
		A typical 80x86 processor addresses a maximum of 2**n different memory locations, where n is the number of bits on the address bus.
	maven.smith.edu /~thiebaut/ArtOfAssembly/CH03/CH03-1.html (4236 words)

	June 1994 / Cover Story / 80x86 Wars
		The 80x86 market is so lucrative--Intel is expected to sell more than 30 million 486 and Pentium chips this year--that it could attract even more competition from parties currently uncommitted.
		Designing a superscalar 80x86 that won't choke on amusing little tricks like these is what makes CPU architects strangers to their families.
		The inescapable conclusion is that the 80x86, ancient though it may be, is far from a dead architecture.
	www.sunderland.ac.uk /~ts0jti/comparch/0dir-byte/X86-WARS/art1.htm (4839 words)

	Amazon.ca: 80x86 Family, The: Design, Programming, and Interfacing: Books: John Uffenbeck (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		All PC-related technologies - Including memory, data communications, and PC bus standards, exposes students to the “nitty gritty” details of the 80x86 processors (the most popular in the industry) and the microcomputer systems around which these chips are built.
		My intention in writing this book is to provide an entry-level college textbook that exposes the reader to the nitty-gritty details of the 80x86 processors and the microcomputer systems around which these chips are built.
		Chapters 1-3 provide an introduction to microprocessor technology and the Intel 80x86 family of processors in particular.
	www.amazon.ca /80x86-Family-Design-Programming-Interfacing/dp/0130257117 (1995 words)

	CHAPTER SIX: THE 80x86 INSTRUCTION SET (Part 5)
		80x86 program control instructions belong to three groups: unconditional transfers, conditional transfers, and subroutine call and return instructions.
		The 80x86 conditional jump instruction give you the ability to split program flow into one of two paths depending upon some logical condition.
		There are several instructions that directly manipulate flags in the 80x86 flags register.
	www.arl.wustl.edu /~lockwood/class/cs306/books/artofasm/Chapter_6/CH06-5.html (6565 words)

	2.7 An Introduction to the Intel 80x86 CPU Family
		One important fact that comes as a surprise to those just learning assembly language is that almost all calculations on the 80x86 CPU must involve a register.
		The 80x86 CPUs provide just over a hundred to many thousands of different machine instructions, depending on how you define a machine instruction.
		Technically the 80x86 instruction set does not allow both operands to be memory variables; HLA, however, will automatically translate a MOV instruction with two 16- or 32-bit memory operands into a pair of instructions that will copy the data from one location to another.
	webster.cs.ucr.edu /AoA/Windows/HTML/HelloWorlda3.html (3990 words)

	OS Config - General 80x86 Assembly
		A well organized 80x86 assembly tutorial that provides coverage over the basic foundations of assembly programming.
		A very brief 80x86 assembly tutorials that teach the basics of assembly programming.
		Under no circumstances will the owner of www.osconfig.com be held liable or responsible for any damages whatsoever, including direct, indirect or consequential damages, resulting from using any software, information, or materials found on www.osconfig.com.
	www.osconfig.com /gen80861.html (244 words)

	PortAsm/68K to 80x86 Translator
		PortAsm/68K for 80x86 is a source-code translator which converts 680x0 and CPU32 assembly-language code into efficient, optimized, and maintainable 80x86 assembly-language.
		It can be used either for applications written wholly in assembler, or for translating the assembler portions of applications written partly in 68K assembler and partly in a high-level language such as C or Pascal.
		Users can include hand-written 80x86 assembler in the original 680x0 source, which with conditional assembly directives makes it easy to maintain a single source base for both 680x0 and 80x86 targets.
	www.microapl.co.uk /Porting/PortAsm68Kto86.html (479 words)

	CHAPTER SIX: THE 80x86 INSTRUCTION SET (Part 4)
		The 80x86 family particularly the 80386 and later processors go much farther though.
		Besides the standard logical shift and rotate instructions there are instructions to test bits within an operand to test and set clear or invert specific bits in an operand and to search for set bits.
		The 80x86 supports up to 65 536 different I/O ports (requiring a 16 bit I/O address).
	oopweb.com /Assembly/Documents/ArtOfAssembly/Volume/Chapter_6/CH06-4.html (2068 words)

	Chapter Two Memory Access and Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On the 80x86 processors, this displacement is an offset from the beginning of memory (that is, address zero).
		Whenever you push data onto the stack, the 80x86 decrements the stack pointer by the size of the data you are pushing and then it copies the data to memory where ESP is then pointing.
		The 80x86 provides several additional PUSH and POP instructions in addition to the basic instructions described in the previous sections.
	www.briceg.com /linux/aoal/MemoryAccessandOrg.html (11300 words)

	Intel 80x86 Assembler Programming Assignments - by: Keith Fenske
		Intel 80x86 assembler is a low-level machine programming language for IBM PC compatible computers such as those running Linux, MS-DOS, or Windows.
		Write an Intel 80x86 assembly language program to read a line of input from the user (keyboard), and then print the same line again as output.
		Write an Intel 80x86 assembly language program to read an unsigned decimal number from the user (keyboard), and then print the same number in hexadecimal.
	www.compusmart.ab.ca /fenske/cpasm.htm (1593 words)

	The 80x86 Processor Family
		The origin of the 80x86 family of processors began in 1978 with the introduction of the 8086 processor.
		No substantial changes to memory addressing and registers have been made in processors that followed the 80386.
		Rather, subsequent 80x86 processors have concentrated on fine tuning the micro-architecture of the processor to increase performance.
	www.cs.ucdavis.edu /~haungs/paper/node5.html (368 words)

	Amazon.com: 80X86 IBM PC and Compatible Computers: Assembly Language, Design and Interfacing Vol. I and II (3rd ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Praised by experts for its clarity and topical breadth, this visually appealing, one-stop source on PCs uses an easy-to-understand, step-by-step approach to teaching the fundamentals of 80x86 assembly language programming and PC architecture.
		It's approach to learning assembly language and how 80x86 systems interface with peripherals is the best I've ever seen.
		This book is exactly what you'd expect from M. Mazidi: a no-nonsense, implementation-oriented approach to the 80x86 processors that is accessible to the beginner yet detailed enough for experienced Intel assembly programmers.
	www.amazon.com /80X86-IBM-Compatible-Computers-Interfacing/dp/0130165689 (1578 words)

	BYTE.com
		And it may not be enough to alter the path of an inerti al PC market that historically values software compatibility and safe choices over raw speed and other factors.
		To maintain software compatibility, they will conform to the basic 80x86 architecture, b ut their internal designs will be increasingly independent.
		Designing a superscalar 80x86 that won't choke on amusing little tricks like these is what makes CPU architec ts strangers to their families.
	www.byte.com /art/9406/sec6/art1.htm (4995 words)

	ABC-Dir: 80x86
		A reference for bugs and undocumented instructions in the Intel 80x86 family of processors.
		The company was established in 1983 to supply BBC BASIC interpreters for the Zilog/Mostek Z80 and Intel 80x86 ranges of...
		An 80x86 assembler designed for portability and modularity.
	www.abc-directory.com /view/80x86 (176 words)

	Amazon.com: Introduction to 80X86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture: Books: Richard C. Detmer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture divides its emphasis between the assembly-language/machine-language level of computer operations and the architectural level, that is, the level defined by the machine instructions that the processor can execute.
		Although the primary architecture covered is the Intel 80x86 family, each chapter does include information about other architectures, or computer levels.
		Programmers are expected to program effectively at any level, therefore, Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture is essential to the fundamental principles at the machine level that they will have to understand.
	www.amazon.com /Introduction-Assembly-Language-Computer-Architecture/dp/0763717738 (2187 words)

	Dr. Dobb's \| Developing 80x86-Based Embedded Systems \| April 15, 2003
		Due primarily to IBM's use of it in their first PC, the 80x86 family has become the industry's most popular microprocessor.
		Due to the popularity of the PC, there are a number of low-cost, high-quality development tools available for the 80x86 processors.
		When the 80x86 processor begins running after reset, it executes the code located at 0xffff:0xfff0.
	www.ddj.com /dept/cpp/184402676 (3999 words)

	Gavin’s Guide to 80x86 Assembly - Part 1
		The 80x86 family was first started in 1981 with the 8086 and the newest member is the Pentium which was released thirteen years later in 1994.
		They are all backwards compatible with each other but each new generation has added features and more speed than the previous chip.
		You have to make sure that you don't put too much data in the stack or it will overflow.
	burks.brighton.ac.uk /burks/language/asm/asmtut/asm2.htm (1004 words)

	Program Control Instructions in Assembly Language
		CALL Call Procedure; Intel 80x86; pushes the address of the next instruction following the subroutine call onto the system stack, decrements the system stack pointer, and changes program flow to the address specified (near [relative displacement from PC] or far; direct or indirect [based on contents of general purpose register or memory location])
		POPA Pop All Registers; Intel 80x86; move memory pointed to by stack pointer to all 16-bit general purpose registers (except for SP); does not affect flags
		For those with high speed connections, the very large single file summary is still on line.
	www.osdata.com /topic/language/asm/progcont.htm (2386 words)

	Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture
		However, an actual computer works at an even lower level than this. Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture divides its emphasis between the assembly-language/machine-language level of computer operations and the architectural level, that is, the level defined by the machine instructions that the processor can execute.
		Although the primary architecture covered is the Intel 80x86 family, each chapter does include information about other architectures, or computer levels.
		Programmers are expected to program effectively at any level, therefore, Introduction to 80x86 Assembly Language and Computer Architecture is essential to the fundamental principles at the machine level that they will have to understand.
	www.jbpub.com /catalog/0763717738 (184 words)

	Yahoo! - Computers and Internet:Programming Languages:Assembly:Intel 80x86
		80x86 Assembly pages - for beginners to experts, including interrupt listsm protected mode info, etc.
		Christian Ludloff's 80x86 CPU page - new information about many Intel processors and clones.
		Jaap Harm's 80x86 Assembler Page - links, news, boot sector writing, quickboot making and more.
	cs-netlab-01.lynchburg.edu /courses/Assemb/Resources.html (267 words)

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