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	88 mm gun - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The success of the 88 mm as an anti-tank weapon led the Germans to develop tanks and tank destroyers mounting 88 mm guns on, for instance, the Tiger tank and the Nashorn tank destroyer.
		Firstly the 88 itself was a relatively rare occurrence on the battlefield.
		In addition, the capabilites of the 88 were kept in mind when the Germans designed new tanks, such as the Tiger Tank and the Elefant Tank (even though the Elefant tank gun was not exactly the same as the 88 here, it was similar in many aspects).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/88_mm_gun (2107 words)

	88 mm gun - TheBestLinks.com - Aircraft, Artillery, Blitzkrieg, France, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		While the Nashorn's weapon was effectively identical to the 88 mm FlaK, the Tiger's was a less powerful weapon of the same calibre.
		The gun was also used as the standard armament of the Tiger II tank.
		Firstly the 88 itself was a relatively rare occurence on the battlefield.
	www.thebestlinks.com /88_mm_gun.html (1561 words)

	The "88"
		The German 88 mm Flak gun was one of the most highly publicized, famous and feared weapons of the Second World War.
		It was primarily an anti-aircraft gun adaptable to general artillery use where it performed with distinction, from the start to the very end of the war, against ground targets and in the anti-tank role.
		The gun is elevated by the man on the elevation handwheel, who follows an indicating arm which moves with the sight.(c) The dial sight may be used for laying the gun in azimuth, while the quadrant elevation is set in by the elevation man as ordered.
	efour4ever.com /88.htm (2279 words)

	GERMAN 88mm Gun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The new Gun was designated 8.8 Flak 18, and first used in action with the Germanbacked Nationalist Forces in the Spanish Civil War, 1936-39, where it was mainly employed in the anti-aircraft role for which it was designed.
		In 1936-37, therefore, improvements were made on the basic desing, and the revised model, the 8.8 Flak 36, had a multi-section interchangeable barrel and a new trailer/ mounting, desingnated Sonderanhaenger 201, with an improved cruciform platform and a simpler method of lowering it for emplacement.
		The gun could be either lowered and emplaced for firing or it could be fired from the traveling positioon so long as the traverse was kept within 30 degrees either side of the longitudinal girders of the field platform.
	wnet.suomi.net /kotisivu/harri.kaarre/88series.html (1407 words)

	The Probert Encyclopaedia - Weapons and Warfare (P-Z)
		A paradox gun was a weapon capable of being used both as a shot-gun and as a rifle.
		As the guns wore out, due to the high pressures and temperature of the powder charge, the barrels were removed and re-bored to 24-cm calibre to be used with a fresh outfit of ammunition.
		It is a 9 mm parabellum calibre, semi-automatic pistol.
	www.fas.org /news/reference/probert/F5.HTM (13635 words)

	Specifications : German_tank_2 - World War Two
		Armour 30 mm (1.18 in) to 110 mm (4.33 in)
		Armour 25 mm (0.98 in) to 100 mm (3.92 in)
		Armour 40 mm (1.58 in) to 180 mm (7.09 in)
	www.valourandhorror.com /DB/SPEC/German_tank_2.php (681 words)

	Lone Sentry: Armored Forces, German (WWII U.S. Intelligence Bulletin, September 1942)
		It is known that the designers of the gun were chiefly interested in constructing a double-purpose antiaircraft and antitank weapon.
		The news of the gun's antitank capabilities was not allowed to leak out, however, and not until the Nazis invaded Poland did the world discover what the German designers had perfected.
		gun may send the Mark IV back to its normal task of serving as the chief element in a breakthrough.
	www.lonesentry.com /articles/armoredforces (1467 words)

	KwK 36 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It is often said that this gun was based on the Flak 36 88 mm gun anti-aircraft gun.
		The KwK 36 was built to practically the same design as the 75 mm and 50 mm guns already used in German tanks, but with the structure scaled up considerably.
		This gun was amongst the most effective and feared tank guns of its time.
	en.wikipedia.org /?title=KwK_35 (397 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The 2d Battalion was to remain on the gun position as regimental reserve and establish contact with the 506th Parachute Infantry on its right.
		It was not until a third tank silenced the enemy gun that the column proceeded to ford the stream.
		guns reported at St. Martin-de-Varreville and the fear that the western ends of the causeways would be mined and held in strength.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/academic/history/marshall/military/wwii/D-Day/utah.beach/utah.txt (22428 words)

	Anti-aircraft warfare - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943
		It was never cleanly replaced however; the 37 mm was available in limited numbers, and a new dual-30 mm system based on the MK 103 aircraft gun was never put into widespread use.
		The gun became so important to the British war effort that they even produced a movie, The Gun, in order to make workers on the assembly line work harder.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Anti-aircraft (3466 words)

	insigne
		The M-10s were armed with the 75-mm gun; the M-18s were armed with the higher velocity 76-mm gun, and were called "Hellcats" by their crews.
		The number of guns fielded by both towed and self-propelled TD battalions was also increased, from 24 in 1942 to 36 by 1944.
		The finest contribution of Ordnance, the 90-mm gun of the M-36, was installed on the M-26 tank, which arrived in the ETO in limited numbers during the last weeks of the war.
	www.insigne.org /TD-Forces-I.htm (3298 words)

	ipedia.com: Artillery Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Because artillery is an indirect fire weapon, the forward observer must take up a position where he can observer the enemy using tools such as binoculars and laser range finders and designators and call back fire missions on his radio.
		The FDC will transmit the fire order to the howitzers, specifying the number of volleys, a particular shell and fuze combination, the specific charge, a deflection (horizontal direction) and quadrant elevation (vertical direction) both specified in mils, and any special instuctions, such as to wait for the observer's command to fire relayed through the FDC.
		The crews load the howitzers and traverse and elevate the tube to the required point, using either hand cranks (usually on towed guns) or use hydraulics (on self-propelled models).
	www.ipedia.com /artillery.html (1534 words)

	Chapter 13: Conclusion
		The employment of the artillery arm offers an excellent example of this superiority just before the November offensive Hitler increased the allocation of guns and ammunition on the Army Group G front; the new allocation was continued until the eve of the Ardennes offensive.
		In general the tank destroyer functioned as an assault gun accompanying the infantry or as a field piece thickening fires by the corps or division artillery.
		It may therefore be said that, while the American tank at this period of the war had been outdistanced in the race to pile more armor and heavier guns on the tank chassis, certain features of mechanical superiority and weight of numbers kept the M-4 in the running.
	www.army.mil /Cmh-Pg/books/wwii/lorraine/lorraine-ch14.htm (6497 words)

	FA Journal: Spanish Civil WAr: The German Kondor Legion A Firepower Force Package in Combat
		Seconds later, the gun crew saw the bright orange fireball produced by the high-explosive (HE) round as it set off secondary explosions inside the thinly armored vehicle.
		Originally designed as an anti-aircraft gun, the 88-mm Flugzeugabwehrkanone, or 88-mm FLAK, proved to be one of the most versatile and effective artillery pieces in history.
		The FLAK group consisted initially of eight batteries: five 88-mm batteries of four guns each, two light batteries equipped with 1220-mm and three 37-mm antiaircraft guns and a training battery with all types of guns.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0IAU/is_4_6/ai_77673472 (1430 words)

	Lone Sentry: The Battle of the Omars, Appendix A, German 88mm Gun (Information Bulletin No. 11, U.S. War Department)
		multipurpose gun, which was used so effectively in the Battle of the Omars, was designed primarily as an anti-aircraft weapon, but like all German antiaircraft guns, it may also be employed against ground targets.
		Mobility, which is a prerequisite of an antitank gun, is secured either by a self-propelled carriage or by a special trailer drawn by a tracked prime mover (see cover design and fig.
		The barrel is jacketed, with an easily detachable breech ring, a supported, interchangeable A tube (the rifled part of the tube), and a removable guide ring.
	www.lonesentry.com /battleoftheomars/appendixa.html (547 words)

	Stories from WWII
		We had no windshield to protect us from the blast of air so that a machine gun could be mounted in front of me. I had to force my attention away from the eye-catching lure of the landscape to focus on the area in front of us.
		As we rounded a short, sharp curve, I was startled to see a German soldier sitting behind a heavy machine gun off the right side of the road about 100 meters ahead of us.
		He was covered with a blanket of snow, his hands on the machine gun pointed at us and wide open eyes staring straight at me.
	www.hbo.com /apps/band/site/client/stories/curated_story.jsp?exid=350 (239 words)

	Nashorn - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On it was mounted the 8.8 cm PanzerabwehrKanone (PaK) 43 L/71, a long anti-tank development of the famous 88 mm anti-air gun.
		Nashorn's gun was one of the most effective antitank guns deployed during the war.
		To accommodate this long and heavy gun, the hull had to be lengthened and the engine moved to the centre from the rear.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Nashorn (698 words)

	Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Normandy 1944
		The Tiger emphasized to an extreme the German preference for firepower and survivability at the expense of speed, agility, range, and reliability.
		Its long-barreled, high-velocity 88-mm gun, adapted from the Germans' formidable antiaircraft (Flak) and antitank (Pak) guns, could penetrate even the most heavily armoured Soviet tanks at extremely long range.
		The Tiger's own frontal armour, 100 mm thick, was proof against almost any antitank gun, and the side and rear armour was 60–80 mm thick.
	www.britanica.com /dday/article-236128 (307 words)

	Monsters
		Luckily two 88 mm heavy gun batteries were nearby to deal with those monsters, while it was up to we 2 cm units to take on their fighter escorts.
		Shells of 152 mm calibre came howling in, much too close for comfort, and Langhans ordered us off the vehicle and to spread out and it was none too soon.
		These included 6-barrelled rocket launchers (Nebelwerfers), and 'Gamma', a 427 mm calibre gun, 'Karl,'(615 mm) and the biggest of them all, 'Dora', or Big Gustav as it was nick named, a monster with an unbelievable 800 mm calibre, capable of destroying installations as deep as 100 m underground.
	users.rcn.com /jim44/b18.htm (2143 words)

	Missing Links Article Stephen Brezinski The 88 mm Flak 36 in 1/72
		References I found helpful were Schiffer’s hardcover book The German 88 Gun In Combat by Janus Piekalkiewiscz [which focuses on the Flak gun’s AT and ground use], photos of the three guns at Aberdeen Proving Ground, and the kit instructions of Tamiya’s 1/35 scale Flak 36/37 kit.
		The Gun: using your references, the gun should be detailed with the appropriate elevation and traverse indicator gages, the recoil slide opened/hollowed out, assorted levers added and the barrel drilled out, etc. A solid recoil slide seems to be a bane of most small-scale artillery kits.
		Shields were added to the 88 in 1940 but guns seen in 1945 could still be seen without them.
	www.missing-lynx.com /articles/small/sbflak/sbflak.htm (1487 words)

	Subject 2
		Our nemesis, however, was the famous 88-mm gun as shown here and at which the Germans were so very adept in using.
		The target that day was an attack on heavy gun positions in the coastal area, guns that were a real threat to a possible and probable allied invasion.
		Then the flak started and as expected it was really heavy, probably 105 mm as well as the usual 88 mm stuff.
	320thbg.org /harpster_8.html (2033 words)

	German 88mm, reviewed by James Hood
		A "centerspread" with the parts of an "88" (on cruciform mount) labeled is particularly tasty, as is the illustration of a railroad flatcar mount.
		From '39 to '45, the "88s" appearing simultaneously in three distinct roles made it appear to "recipients"...of the dreaded gun being everywhere, all the time, which it sort of was.
		As the "88" is well represented in 1/76, 1/72 and 1/35 plastic artillery pieces and vehicles, modelers of several persuasions can appereciate the tome.
	modelingmadness.com /others/books/hood88.htm (442 words)

	Battlefront.com Discussion Forums: Early war Russian tank crew experience
		Their weakness in artillery reflected not a lack of faith in that arm, but rather a decision to centralize their assets on a scale never seen before, including the creation of entire artillery corps for the support of selected operations.
		However, the Pz-Kpfw.lV with the longer gun (which wasn't used near Charkow) was unknown to the Russians that came from Charkow.
		Especially noteworthy is the fact that when Flak engage ground targets the 8.8 cm Flak guns present a very large and immobile target.
	www.battlefront.com /cgi-bin/bbs/ultimatebb.cgi?ubb=get_topic;f=16;t=018453 (5418 words)

	Pz.Kpfw.Panther and Panther II
		During 1943-02, it was determined that the Panther II was to be standartized with the Tiger II, including shared roadwheels (gummisparende Laufrollen, also known as steel wheels) and by using the Panther II tracks as transport tracks for the Tiger II.
		The turret turning diameter was not to exceed 1,570 mm., later 1,565 mm., (which effectively made it impossible to install the 8,8 cm Kw.K.43 L/71, as described below in the Panther Schmalturm section).
		To accomodate for the larger gun, the turret ring was to be 100 mm.
	www.panzerworld.net /panther.html (957 words)

	A world of tanks : Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		E (1939), was increased to 50 mm gun and eventually to 75 mm (Ausf.
		They were slow and fuel consuming, but their heavy armour and powerful gun made them dangerous opponents for every Allied tank.
		Although its mobility was limited by its great weight and terrific fuel consumption, its long-range 88/71 gun as well as its oversized armour protection made it a real "nightmare" for its opponents.
	www.geocities.com /Pentagon/Quarters/1975/g_tnkger.htm (750 words)

	Death Traps: The Survival of an American Armored Division in World War II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		With their heavier armor, the Panther and Tiger were almost impervious to rounds fired from the Sherman’s 75 or 76 mm main gun; conversely, the 88 mm gun on the German tanks usually made short work of their American opponents.
		The Sherman’s low-velocity 75 or 76 mm gun, for example, was chosen because the Army’s artillery branch wanted a cheap, reliable weapon for fire support.
		Realizing that the Sherman’s main gun couldn’t penetrate the frontal armor of a Panther or Tiger, US crews gamely tried to outmaneuver their foes, attempting to disable the German tanks with a shot against their sides or rear, where the armor was thinner.
	www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil /airchronicles/bookrev/cooper.html (1115 words)

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