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	Eighth Route Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Eighth Route Army (八路軍 Pinyin: bālù-jūn) was one of the main military forces of the Communist Party of China, active during the Chinese Civil War and Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945).
		Consisting of three divisions (the 115th, which was commanded by Lin Biao, the 120th, and the 129th), the 8th Route Army's main advantage during World War II was its ability to blend in with Japanese forces when behind enemy lines.
		the Communist army of North Korea) was formed mainly from Korean veterans of the Soviet Red Army and the 8th Route Army.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eighth_Route_Army (350 words)

	Battle of Pingxingguan - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Pingxingguan, commonly called the "Great Victory of Pingxingguan" (平型关大捷) in Mainland China, was an engagement fought between the 8th Route Army of the Chinese Communist Party and the Imperial Japanese Army on September 25, 1937.
		It resulted in a minor, morale-boosting victory in which 8th Route Army was able to capture a cache of weapons and annihilate a Japanese brigade.
		Theoretically Yan had authority over all the Chinese military forces in his theatre of operations, including Lin Biao's 115th Division of the Communist 8th Route Army, Liu Ruming's ex-Kuomingtang troops and various Central Army contingents responsible to Chiang Kai-shek.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Pingxingguan (592 words)

	Lin Biao -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		While at Whampoa he became the protégé of both (additional info and facts about Zhou Enlai) Zhou Enlai and the (An elected governmental council in a Communist country (especially one that is a member of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)) Soviet General (additional info and facts about Vasily Blyukher) Vasily Blyukher.
		Lin graduated from Whampoa in 1925 and by 1927 was a (A commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general) colonel.
		With the resumption of Civil War after World War II, Lin was made Secretary of the Northeast China Bureau and commanded the Red Army forces that conquered the (A region in northeastern China) Manchurian provinces and then swept into North China.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/li/lin_biao.htm (837 words)

	phorum - Our World Forum at Asiawind - The Cantonese 19th Route Army
		The 19th Route Army fought the Japanese in Shanghai to a stalemate, and later had to withdraw because of poor equipment and the lack of them, whereas the Japanese fought with better equipment, and later brought in more experienced troops.
		As a young boy during WW2, the 19th Route Army was better known and mentioned frequently by the Cantonese, as the KMT was the party in power.
		The valour of the 19th Route Army did not negate the contribution made by the 8th Route Army (or Red Army) for its encirclement of the Japanese in North China.
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=3&i=2870&t=2850 (276 words)

	About Evans Carlson
		Attached to the Chinese army as an observer, he watched the superior Japanese forces crushed China's Army in the major cities.
		To support its military operations, the Red Army fostered the growth of the Chinese Industrial Co-operative which at that time were just beginning to blanket the country with a skein of small manufacturing units on which the industrial future of a reconstructed country can some day be based.
		In interviews with newspaper correspondents, he said that the Red Army and the Co-operatives were the best hopes of China and that the U.S. was undermining one of its best friends by supplying Japan with scrap, oil and other material.
	www.janeresture.com /carlson_about (1830 words)

	Eighth Route Army - TheBestLinks.com - 8th Route Army, Communist Party of China, Japan, Korean War, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Eighth Route Army - TheBestLinks.com - 8th Route Army, Communist Party of China, Japan, Korean War,...
		8th Route Army, Eighth Route Army, Communist Party of China, Japan, Korean War...
		The Eighth Route Army was one of the main military forces of the Communist Party of China, active during the Chinese Civil War and Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945).
	www.thebestlinks.com /8th_Route_Army.html (391 words)

	The Tragic Saga of A Revolutionary
		The primary cause for this failure was the diversion of the Korean soldiers in Mao's army to China's civil war that raged until 1949.
		He rendered distinguished service in army building in the liberated homeland, but he was criticized for severe bureaucratic actions during the Fatherland Liberation War and was dismissed from military service.
		At that time they participated in many of the operations of the 8th Route Army to demoralize the enemy, and their main target was the young Koreans serving in the Japanese army.
	www.kimsoft.com /2002/mujong.htm (3808 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Background
		An anti-insurgent army of paramilitaries has grown to be several thousand strong in recent years, challenging the insurgents for control of territory and illicit industries such as the drug trade and the government's ability to exert its dominion over rural areas.
		Arab incursions starting in the 8th century and Turkish in 12th were followed by European traders beginning in the late 15th century.
		In 2001, the UN imposed sanctions on Liberian diamonds along with an army embargo and a travel ban on government officials for Liberia's support of the rebel insurgency in Sierra Leone.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2028.html (15472 words)

	Chapter 21: August Build-up and September Portents
		The ROK Army did not wait upon the planned schedule, but was in the process of reactivating the ROK 7th Division at the end of August, forming at least one battalion in each of the 3d, 5th, and 8th Regiments.
		The Eighth Army intelligence officer on 30 August estimated that the twelve known enemy rifle divisions had an effective strength of 82,590 men, with combat effectiveness varying between 27 percent for the 13th and 15th Divisions to 96 percent for the 7th and 100 percent for the 2d Division.
		When Eighth Army and the ROK Army withdrew into the Pusan Perimeter in early August and there stabilized a line in relatively connected although thinly held defense positions, these tactics failed for the first time in the war to accomplish their desired result.
	www.army.mil /Cmh-Pg/books/korea/20-2-1/sn21.htm (10055 words)

	CHAPTER XXXIX, South to the Naktong, North to the Yalu (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The intelligence responsibility of Eighth Army and X Corps was tactical; strategic intelligence responsibility rested with the Central Intelligence Agency, the Department of the Army, and the theater headquarters, with the ultimate political intelligence the responsibility of the President and his immediate advisers.
		Although the projected Eighth Army attack on the 15th had to be postponed because of logistical difficulties, the army on the 14th ordered an attack to be made, on a day and hour to be announced, to seize a line running generally from Napch'ongjong, on the west coastal road, eastward through Taech'on-Onjong-Huich'on to Inch'o-ri.
		On the afternoon of 2, November Eighth Army advised I and IX Corps and the ROK Army that H-hour for the army attack was 1000 24 November.
	www.kmike.com /Appleman/Chapter39.htm (11523 words)

	1st Group Army
		The 1st Group Army, headquartered in Huzhou, is comprised of three divisions, a motorized infantry brigade, an engineer regiment and an air defense brigade.
		In 1946 the brigade was reorganized and redesignated as the 1st Column of the Northwest Field Army.
		An artillery brigade organic to the 1st Division of the 1st Group Army conducted offensive exercises and joint army and air force training including signal exercises, river crossing, infantry and armor maneuvers and counter-airborne operations in the Anhui Province bordering Anhui, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu Provinces from early August to late October 1991.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/china/1ga.htm (530 words)

	www.China-Defense.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Was 2nd Red army regiment formed by He Long of 1930 in Hunan, Hubei area, Took part in the Long March Reform as 8th Route Army’s 120th division 358th brigade during the Anti-Japanese war, an honored formation.
		The 1st and 3rd division were combined as 1st division, the 2nd and 8th division were combined as 2nd division, 7th and 9th division were combined as 3rd division.
		Received new unit designation in 1949.2 the 2nd and 8th division were combined as 2nd division in 1952.
	www.china-defense.com /orbat/pla_orbat/pla_orbat-15.html (628 words)

	16th Group Army
		The 16th Group Army, headquartered at Changchun, Jilin, is comprised of a motorized infantry division, an armored division, an artillery division, a motorized infantry brigade, an anti-aircraft artillery brigade, and an anti-tank missile brigade.
		The 16th Group Army traces its origins to the formation of the 343rd Brigade in the lat 1930s.
		Armored forces of the Shenyang MR stationed in Changchun (and thus part of the 16th Group Army) were involved in major exercises at the beginning of 2003 that emphasized joint operations.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/world/china/16ga.htm (293 words)

	[No title]
		The 8th Route Army gave the CCP a very strong claim to represent Chinese nationalism, especially since the KMT, after putting up a hard fight at the beginning, reduced its resistance to the minimum when the government settled in far away Chungking.
		But, in fact, the 8th Route Army fought the Japanese on its own, while Chiang waited for U.S. victory over Japan and used American aid mostly to build up his strength for the war he planned to wage against the communists for control of China.
		Although on paper the KMT army was three times the size of the communist army, the men were demoralized and badly led.
	www.ku.edu /~eceurope/communistnationssince1917/ch9.html (8166 words)

	WoR Designer's Notes
		Route Army (the Communist army) would melt into the countryside and carry the Communist message to new regions.
		Route Army by the central government, filled the roll of the CCP's conventional army.
		The regular Chinese army was to remain at a distance of 20 miles for a short period until tensions had settled.
	kenware.com /EuropaRing/Glory/wor_dn.htm (17497 words)

	Lin Piao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lin proved to be a brilliant guerilla commander and during the 1934 breakout he commanded the First Corps of the Red Army which fought a two-year running battle which culminated in the occupation of Yenan in December 1936 (See Long March).
		Route Army, Lin orchestrated the ambush at Pinghsingkuan in September 1937, which was one of the few battlefield successes for the Chinese in WWII.
		During the Civil War, Lin was Secretary of the Northeast China Bureau and commanded the Red Army forces that conquered the Manchurian provinces and then swept into North China.
	www.nwc.navy.mil /chinesecs/players/communists/linpiao.htm (229 words)

	Search Results for route - Encyclopædia Britannica
		Early routes usually kept within sight of coastal landmarks, but, as navigators learned to determine latitude from the heavenly bodies,...
		The 8th Route Army also engaged in political and propaganda work, helping to increase communist support...
		The southern route via the Khumbu Icefall and the South Col is the one most commonly taken by climbers attempting to summit Everest.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=route&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (568 words)

	www.China-Defense.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Was Chinese Soviet Army’s 6th Column of the Red Army Soviet, regroup in Nov 1932 as Red Army’s 74th Division.
		During the Anti-Japanese war, it was a member of the 8th Route army, 129 division’s Eastern Advanced Column, active with 129th division’s 386th brigade in the HoBei area.
		6th Column became the 12th army in Feb 9th, 1949 as a member of the 2nd field army and its brigade enlarged to become the 34th, 35th and 36th infantry divisions.
	www.china-defense.com /orbat/pla_orbat/pla_orbat-16.html (739 words)

	Kim Gong IL Tightens Counter Intelligence
		The Korean veterans who served in the Soviet Red Army and Mao's 8th Route Army formed the core of the KPA.
		Upon completion of the Able Section (code named Leopard), some 2,000 partisans along the west coast of N Korea, the 8th Army G-3 (Operations) turned its attention to the inland operations in March 1951.
		The CIA and the 8th Army G-2 sent agents to Manchuria and indeed found Gen. Dean but soon after he was moved back to Korea.
	www.kimsoft.com /1997/nk-sa.htm (1320 words)

	Extent of The Great Wall
		Between 1870 and 1974, the 8th Route Army stationed at Gubeikou destroyed 9,840 feet of the wall to use the stone to erect some barracks.
		Later in 1979, the State ordered the same army group to tear down their barracks and rebuild the wall.
		In 226 the armies of the Chu Dynasty and the Qin dynasty met in a great final battle.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Tourism/history-Great-Wall-2-extent.html (493 words)

	AmericanHeritage.com / Magazine
		By the end of August all military forces, including the Communists—reorganized as the 8th Route Army—were incorporated in and supposedly responsible to the central command.
		Thrilled by the phenomenon of reinforcements, the defenders rushed forward to join the attack with “battle cries that shook the skies.” They were able to slaughter the Japanese infantry who had been cut off from their supply of ammunition and fuel for tanks and proved unable to withstand a determined attack without mechanized support.
		Jack Beiden, who was present, reported how, for moments of agony to the watchers, the silt-filled waters flowed steadily on their old course, swirling and bubbling against the broken dikes, then suddenly with a “terrible roar” ripped through the breach and spread over the low ground on a rampage eastward to the sea.
	www.americanheritage.com /articles/magazine/ah/1970/1/1970_1_4.shtml (11462 words)

	Lin Biao (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Less than a year later, he was ordered to participate in the Northern Expedition, rising from deputy platoon leader to battalion commander in the National Revolutionary Army within a few months.
		Lin proved to be a brilliant guerilla commander and during the 1934 breakout he commanded the First Corps of the Red Army, which fought a two-year running battle with the Kuomintang, which culminated in the occupation of Yan'an in December 1936 (see Long March).
		As commander of the 115th Division of the Communist 8th Route Army, Lin orchestrated the ambush at Pinghsingkuan in September 1937, which was one of the few battlefield successes for the Chinese in WWII.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/L/Lin-Biao.htm (826 words)

	Long March Leaders - Marshal Zhu De
		He was always a strong supporter of Mao and the Zunyi Conference that decided the leadership of the Communist Party and the Red Army.
		But after disastrous defeats at the Xiang River crossing and the general direction of the Red Army, distrust was springing up against the strategy of the leaders.
		Zhang Guotao and Zhang's Fourth Route Army for held him virtual prisoner over a year.
	www.paulnoll.com /China/Long-March/Long-March-Zhu-De.html (333 words)

	China Vitae
		He joined the 8th Route Army in 1940 and fought in the in the Liberation War from 1945-1949 in both the summer and winter offenses.
		Wang served in a variety of posts with the PLA: political commissar of the PLA Guilin Army Academy, as a lieutenant general in the PLA Army, and as deputy political commissar of the PLA Chengdu military region.
		Wang was a member of the 6th and 7th NPCs and of the 8th CPPCC National Committee and a member of the standing committee of the 9th CPPCC National Committee.
	www.chinavitae.com /biography_display.php?id=561 (156 words)

	phorum - Chinese Culture Forum at Asiawind - Mao Zedong's poetry - Autumn Harvest Uprising ...
		Army (國民革命軍), whereas the Communists called their army Workers and
		Since then it had become their official army flag.
		occupation the Red Army was renamed "The 8th Route Army 八路軍".
	www.asiawind.com /forums/read.php?f=2&i=4888&t=4888 (504 words)

	smedforeign
		Traveling with the 8th Route and New Fourth Armies she documented the Communist Revolution for the "Frankfurter Zeitung" and later the "Manchester Guardian." The following photographs were taken of Agnes Smedley during her coverage of the revolution in China.
		"Chinese armies and railway men tore up their railways to prevent the Japanese from using them.
		Then the railway men carried away the steel rails and girders and welded them into big swords for soldiers and guerrillas to fight the enemy.
	www.asu.edu /lib/archives/smedforeign.htm (274 words)

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