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Topic: A priori algorithm

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Data mining

Artificial neural network

Logit

Maximum likelihood

	Citations: Risk and expectations in a-priori time allocation in multi-agent contracting - Babanov, Collins, Gini ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Since there is a probability of loss as well as a probability of gain, the decision process must also deal with the risk posture of the person or organization on whose behalf the agent is acting.
		Risk and expectations in a-priori time allocation in multi-agent contracting.
		A sample RFQ is shown in Figure 7 (right) Note that the time windows in the RFQs do not need to satisfy the precedence constraints; the only requirement is that the accepted set of bids satisfies them.
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/2182591/580996 (938 words)

	Collision detection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In this case, the collision detection algorithm needs not be aware of the myriad physical variables; a simple list of physical bodies is fed to the algorithm, and the program returns a list of intersecting bodies.
		Algorithms were designed so that the calculations done in a preceding time step can be reused in the current time step, resulting in faster algorithms.
		Alternate algorithms are grouped under the spatial partitioning umbrella, which includes octrees, binary space partitioning (or BSP trees) and other, similar approaches.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Collision_detection (3624 words)

	Breadth-first search - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The algorithm begins at the root node and explores all the neighboring nodes.
		From the standpoint of the algorithm, all child nodes obtained by expanding a node are added to a FIFO queue.
		In typical implementations, nodes that have not yet been examined for their neighbors are placed in some container (such as a queue or linked list) called "open" and then once examined are placed in the container "closed".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Breadth_first_recursion (639 words)

	A priori algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Apriori is an efficient association rule mining algorithm, developed by Agrawal et al (Agrawal 93, Agrawal 94) Apriori (Agrawal 94) employs BFS and uses a hash tree structure to count candidate item sets efficiently.
		Heikki Mannila and Hannu Toivonen and A. Inkeri Verkamo, Efficient algorithms for discovering association rules, AAAI Workshop on Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD-94), 1994.
		Mohammed Javeed Zaki and Srinivasan Parthasarathy and Mitsunori Ogihara and Wei Li, Parallel Algorithms for Discovery of Association Rules, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 1997.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-A_priori_algorithm.html (311 words)

	Collision detection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Indeed an a priori algorithm must deal with the time which is absent from the a posteriori problem.
		Algorithms were designed so that calculations done in a preceding time step be reused in the current time step in faster algorithms.
		She noted it is very easy to track from time step to the next the closest of a pair of convex object using variant of a Voronoi diagram.
	www.freeglossary.com /Collision_detection (3323 words)

	A priori and a posteriori knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A priori knowledge is knowledge gained or justified by reason alone, without the direct or indirect influence of experience (here, experience usually means observation of the world through sense perception.) A posteriori knowledge is any other sort of knowledge, viz.
		The fields of knowledge most often suggested as having a priori status are logic and mathematics, which deal primarily with abstract, formal objects.
		Note that discussions of a priori and a posteriori knowledge almost always concern propositional knowledge, or, roughly, "knowledge that".
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-A_priori_and_a_posteriori_knowledge.html (2252 words)

	A priori knowledge - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about A priori knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		In morality also he declares that the ideas implied in the words ‘good’ and ‘bad’ are innate and imperative in every mind, independently of actual observation.
		In current usage, the term a priori refers to whatever seems not to derive from experience.
		This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /A+priori+knowledge (197 words)

	A Priori Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A priori algorithm [Categories: Algorithms] Apriori is an efficient (additional info and facts about association rule mining) association rule mining (A precise rule (or set of rules) specifying how...
		The A-priori algorithm (see Agrawal and Swami, 1993; Agrawal and Srikant, 1994; Han and Lakshmanan, 2001; see also Witten and Frank, 2000) is a popular and efficient algorithm for deriving such...
		The A Priori algorithm was used to mine for short motifs found more often in outer membrane proteins than in proteins at the other four localization sites.
	www.freesearchengine.info /a_priori_algorithm.html (760 words)

	IRIS: Shaun Gleason
		The algorithm is expected to handle cases in which the object’s boundary may be faint, obscured, or partially missing, so the segmentation algorithm should have the capacity to handle such a situation.
		Also, in many cases of medical image analysis there is an abundance of a priori information available in the form of the patient’s own historical records as well as imagery from a potentially large population of other patients that could be used for algorithm training, for example.
		A new deformable model algorithm is under development in which the objective function used during optimization of the boundary encompasses several important characteristics.
	imaging.utk.edu /people/former/gleason/gleason.html (604 words)

	A priori algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Apriori (Agrawal 94) employs BFS and uses a hash tree structure to count candidate itemsets efficiently.
		Following that, the whole transaction database is scanned to determine frequent itemsets among the candidates.
		Mohammed Javeed Zaki and Srinivasan Parthasarathy and Mitsunori Ogihara and Wei Li, Parallel Algorithms for Discovery ofAssociation Rules, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 1997.
	www.therfcc.org /a-priori-algorithm-124030.html (230 words)

	Project Turbo Code -- Decoding (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The decoding algorithm is similar to Viterbi algorithm in the sense that it produces soft outputs.
		The algorithm is as follows: Start from state 00, the overall likelihood of each transition are evaluated.
		The reason of the factor is because the SOVA algorithm suffers a major distortion which is caused by over-optimistic soft outputs.
	faraday.ee.emu.edu.tr /eaince/ee562/Public/sova.htm (1004 words)

	Scene Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		A simple scenario is used to derive the demands on a scene analysis algorithm: The wheelchair has to be able to navigate autonomously from room A to room B and take the user to a table located in room B. This means, the algorithm has to detect at least
		Additional a priori knowledge has to be incorporated which is beyond visual information about the different objects, e.g., the relationships of the detected objects to each other have to be regarded.
		The algorithm processes 7-10 frames per second on a 933 MHz Pentium III processor and is invariant against slight changes in illumination.
	www.techinfo.rwth-aachen.de /Forschung/MSR/SA/index.html (718 words)

	[No title]
		This figure displays the departure from the optimal routes of the benchmark algorithm as a function of the update period, when the algorithm is executed to recompute routes.
		The measure varies according to the update period of the benchmark algorithm: a smaller period reduces the power consumption of the routes, but in turn necessitates execution of the algorithm each period, and hence more total messages.
		While the kinetic routing algorithm minimizes the number of overhead messages required to maintain optimal routes, this number may still prove to be prohibitive as the network grows.
	www.antd.nist.gov /wctg/manet/kinetic.html (1012 words)

	A New Algorithm for the Automation of Phase Diagram Calculation
		The a priori knowledge of system properties and locations of the miscibility gaps are required from the user in order for the system to produce feasible results.
		Several algorithms were proposed to automate the process of finding suitable starting positions, all of which carry an increased computational cost.
		Recently, she has worked on the design of fast new algorithms for quantization and clustering with the use of concepts like Centroidal Voronoi tessellations and optimization methods for the determination of phase diagrams for multicomponent materials.
	math.nist.gov /mcsd/Seminars/2005/2005-03-22-emelianenko.html (416 words)

	IFORS: Dissertation Directory
		It is a priori not possible to determine which columns are attractive and which are not, but if a column does not become part of the basis of the relaxed set partitioning problem we consider it to be of no benefit for the solution process.
		The parallel algorithm is based upon the sequential Dantzig-Wolfe based algorithm developed earlier in the project.
		The resulting algorithm is efficient and capable of attaining good speedup values.
	www.ifors.org /dissertation/database/larsen.html (402 words)

	Medical Image Segmentation with Knowledge-guided Robust Active Contours -- Boscolo et al. 22 (2): 437 -- RadioGraphics
		The region-growing algorithm is unsuccessful on two of the four images because of the absence of a true boundary between the nodule and the mediastinum.
		The algorithm identifies and segments the nodule on all four images.
		The algorithm is capable of contouring the kidneys completely and accurately and generates results that appear somewhat less conservative than those shown in Figure 9.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/22/2/437 (3997 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Concepts and techniques: Whatever the design and construction methodology is employed, distributed algorithms make use of the standard techniques associated with networks, such as using the acknowledgement of receipt of a message to check that it has been sent, broadcasting values to a group of processes and so on.
		This is particularly used for algorithms that enter into distributed systems, such as those for mutual exclusion and detection of mutual blocking.
		The Misra's algorithm, presented in the last number, showed the method for detecting the loss of a token (a special message which the processes hand from one to the other in the logical ring) and regeneration of token if it is lost.
	www.textfiles.com /magazines/ALIVE/alive_1.txt (12596 words)

	Tony Stentz - Research Interests
		D* is a planning algorithm that produces an initial plan based on known and assumed information, and then incrementally repairs the plan as new information is discovered about the world.
		D* is fast because for the applications given, discrepancies are generally discovered by sensors carried on-board the robot and thus impact the portion of the plan "local" to the robot's current state; therefore, most of the time only the near-term portion of the existing plan is affected.
		In this case, the obstacles are known a priori, so the robot can plan the optimal path (shown in fl) before it begins moving.
	www.frc.ri.cmu.edu /~axs/dynamic_plan.html (970 words)

	A priori algorithm - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Apriori is an efficient association rule mining algorithm, developed by Agrawal et al (Agrawal 93, Agrawal 94)
		Apriori (Agrawal 94) employs BFS and uses a hash tree structure to count candidate item sets efficiently.
		The algorithm generates candidate item sets (patterns) of length $k from k-1 length item sets.$
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /A_priori_algorithm (310 words)

	Definition of a priori
		9:...tion''' to be [[a priori]] is a matter of considerable controversy in philosophy.
		3:...tics]] and [[logic]] are usually considered ''[[a priori]]'' disciplines.
		8:...c, [[necessary]] statements that are knowable [[a priori]].
	www.wordiq.com /search/a+priori.html (783 words)

	Abstract
		We present a hybrid multistart algorithm for the joint optimisation of spatial and kinetic parameters in dynamic ECT, where maximisation of the least squares cost function is performed in projection space.
		The performance of the algorithm in fitting a multiple ellipse region model to a dynamic projection set is evaluated at varying noise levels.
		Although it is shown that the algorithm cannot be exact, a "natural" approximation is described.The pre-, post-convolution weights, and the reconstruction filter, are derived analytically.
	www.umich.edu /~nucmedim/am7b.htm (3756 words)

	IMEJ Article - TADA-Ed for Educational Data Mining
		For the clustering algorithm to work we need to gather these entries to form one single vector per student, so that these students can be "compared".
		The goal of the association rules algorithm is to detect relationships or associations between specific values of nominal attributes in large data sets.
		The association rules module implements the A-priori algorithm [8] that we modified in a number of variations to suit the educational context.
	imej.wfu.edu /articles/2005/1/03/index.asp (3676 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The dropping algorithm uses this smoothed congestion level to determine when packets should be discarded.
		The dropping algorithm MUST be insensitive to the short-term traffic characteristics of the microflows using an AF class.
		This implies that for any given smoothed congestion level, the discard rate of a particular microflow's packets within a single precedence level will be proportional to that flow's percentage of the total amount of traffic passing through that precedence level.
	www.faqs.org /rfc/rfc2597.txt (2931 words)

	Digital Image Restoration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		Unfortunately, classical regularization algorithms tend to produce smooth solutions, and as a consequence it is difficult to recover sharp edges in the image.
		In a recent midway project (midtvejsprojekt) we have developed a 2-D version [2] of new algorithm [3] that is much better able to reconstruct the sharp edges that are typical in digital images.
		The algorithm is implemented in Matlab and is available as Matlab function pptvsd.
	www.imm.dtu.dk /~pch/PPTSVD/pptsvd.html (450 words)

	The Viterbi Algorithm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The Viterbi algorithm provides an efficient way of finding the most likely state sequence in the maximum a posteriori probability sense of a process assumed to be a
		The shape of a character, which generates a given feature vector, is independent of the shapes of neighbouring characters and is, therefore, dependent only on the character in question.
		he 5 recursive steps by which the algorithm determines the shortest path from the initial to the final node are shown in Fig.
	www.cim.mcgill.ca /~latorres/Viterbi/va_alg.htm (696 words)

	Skeletal Parameter Estimation from Optical Motion Capture Data
		In this sketch we present an algorithm for automatically estimating a subject's skeletal structure from optical motion capture data without using any a priori skeletal model.
		Our algorithm consists of a series of four steps that cluster markers into groups approximating rigid bodies, determine the topological connectivity between those groups, locate the positions of the connecting joints, and project those joint positions onto a rigid skeleton.
		Because it does not depend on prior rotation estimates, our algorithm can work reliably even when only one or two markers are attached to each body part, and our results do not suffer from error introduced by inaccurate rotation estimates.
	www.cs.berkeley.edu /b-cam/Papers/Kirk-2004-SPE/index.html (237 words)

	USC-SIPI REPORT #151 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		The algorithm requires the a priori knowledge of the region where the boundary is expected to lie.
		This algorithm estimates accurately the linear 2-D motion and gives a very good linear approximation in the case of a nonlinear 2-D motion.
		A motion compensated, edge preserving image sequence enhancement algorithm is presented and its performance is examined using computer generated and real images.
	sipi.usc.edu /reports/abstracts/usc-sipi.151.html (264 words)

	whoami (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-27)
		To give you a (simple) example, when it comes to evaluate an algorithm, until there are no known conditions for its correctness it may well turn out that it is just not doing what it supposed to do (on specific examples), no matter how many simulations "proved" its correctness.
		And there are examples in the literature of when it turned out that a specific algorithm did not work as expected under the conditions that it was expected to work.
		When conditions for the correctness of the algorithm are known, one can start checking if those conditions are met in the practical situation of interest.
	www.sztaki.hu /szepesvari/mathmatters.html (626 words)

	Vincent Barreaud's web page
		Frame synchronous algorithms are naturally appealing to cope with non-stationary slowly varying noise sources even if they often face convergence problems linked to the scarcity of data.
		Offline compensation algorithms exist and cope with this sort of naturally varying acoustic environment, but the duration of the computation process involved is not compatible with everyday life applications.
		Consequently, this on-line algorithm performs compensation in parallel with recognition and does not need any \textit{a priori} information on the nature of the noise.
	www.loria.fr /~barreaud/travaux_E.php (942 words)

	SICOMP Volume 34 Issue 3
		The bound achieved by our algorithm depends on the sensitivity to second-order data information and is the best known mistake bound for (efficient) kernel-based linear-threshold classifiers to date.
		This mistake bound, which strictly generalizes the well-known Perceptron bound, is expressed in terms of the eigenvalues of the empirical data correlation matrix and depends on a parameter controlling the sensitivity of the algorithm to the distribution of these eigenvalues.
		Since the optimal setting of this parameter is not known a priori, we also analyze two variants of the second-order Perceptron algorithm: one that adaptively sets the value of the parameter in terms of the number of mistakes made so far, and one that is parameterless, based on pseudoinverses.
	epubs.siam.org /sam-bin/dbq/article/43254 (239 words)

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