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Topic: ACT (cognitive model)

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	Intelligent tutoring paper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Based on the ACT theory, this cognitive model is written as a system of if-then production rules that are capable of generating the multitude of solution steps and mis-steps typical of students.
		The cognitive model is the basis for two student modeling techniques: model tracing and knowledge tracing.
		PAT's cognitive model and general design is the consequence of basic research on mathematical cognition.
	act.psy.cmu.edu /awpt/AlgebraPacket/kenPaper/paperC.html (304 words)

	Cognitive Processes
		Cognitive Task Analysis seeks to model workers’ knowledge and cognition descriptively, whereas Computational Cognitive Models are more detailed analyses that can be run on a computer.
		Cognitive Task Analysis: Methods to analyze and represent the knowledge and cognitive activities workers utilize to perform complex tasks in the work domain.
		The cognitive module of MIDAS includes if-then rules, daemons to monitor changes in the world and perform designated operations when such changes are detected, and generalized decision algorithms such as weighted additive and majority of confirming decisions.
	mentalmodels.mitre.org /cog_eng/ce_methods_I.htm (5048 words)

	Cognitive architecture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A cognitive architecture is a blueprint for intelligent agents.
		Common to cognitive architecture is the belief that understanding (human) cognitive processing means being able to implement them on a computational level.
		It is important to note that cognitive architectures don't have to follow a top-down approach to cognition (cf.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cognitive_architecture (576 words)

	Volume 10 -- Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy
		Cognitive therapy is a therapeutic approach based on a model of psychopathology that identifies distortions of thought processes as important in emotional disorders (Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery, 1979; Beck and Emery, 1985).
		The results demonstrate significant differences between jealous and nonjealous subjects on measures of the cognitive, behavioral and emotional aspects of jealousy and support the usefulness of a cognitive model in the conceptualization of jealousy.
		In the last section an attempt is made to present a cognitive model which, by showing how humor coalesces the emotional and cognitive effects, may account for the diverse curative effects of humor.
	www.cognitivetherapyassociation.org /journal/v10.aspx (2580 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> ACT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ACT (cognitive model), a symbolic cognitive architecture, created by John R. Anderson (the abbreviation variously stands for "Adaptive Control of Thought", "Adaptive Character of Thought", and "Atomic Components of Thought")
		Act of Parliament, a law enacted by the parliament
		Alliance of Concerned Teachers (ACT or ACT-Phils), a militant, progressive, nationalist alliance of teachers, educators and teacher organization in the Philippines.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/ACT (304 words)

	White Pine Behavioral Health
		Cognitive therapists help clients identify automatic thoughts, characteristic distortions in their thinking, unhelpful or unworkable attitudes or beliefs, and how all of these cognitive phenomena contribute to their difficulties.
		Cognitive therapists challenge clients’ thoughts, assumptions, and beliefs—directly through disputation in session, or by assisting clients to consider alternative perspectives, identify and weigh out evidence for or against their ideas, and related strategies.
		ACT is based on a behavioral account of human language and cognition called Relational Frame Theory (RFT).
	www.whitepinepsych.com /treatments.htm (1529 words)

	Educational Technology
		The job of the teacher in constructivist models is to arrange for required resources and act as a guide to students while they set their own goals and 'teach themselves'.
		Cognitive Apprenticeship is a method of teaching aimed primarily at teaching the processes that experts use to handle complex tasks.
		Modeling -- involves an expert's carrying out a task so that student can observe and build a conceptual model of the processes that are required to accomplish the task.
	udel.edu /~jconway/EDST666.htm (3221 words)

	Abstract
		Several computational models have been developed to capture the developmental phenomena associated with the balance scale task.
		We propose a computational model that is implemented in ACT-R and that is based on the evaluation of success of applied knowledge, combined with a mechanism to construct new knowledge by searching for differences between the left- and right-hand sides of presented balance scale problems.
		This model accounts for the main empirical phenomena as well as for the recently reported empirical phenomena such as learning without feedback.
	www.cognitivesciencesociety.org /abstract/03vanrijn.html (169 words)

	Cognitive model - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In cognitive science, a cognitive model is a model of cognitive processes.
		Cognitive modelling in the latter sense can be understood as reverse engineering some aspects of human cognition by means of artificial intelligence and machine learning in order to better understand these aspects.
		Many cognitive models use the framework of nouvelle AI, especially the paradigm of connectionism, to overcome a perceived poor biological plausibility of GOFAI (Good Old Fashioned AI).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cognitive_model (227 words)

	COMPUTER SCIENCE TECHNICAL REPORT ABSTRACTS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cognitive arithmetic, the study of the mental representation of numbers and arithmetic facts and the processes that create, access and manipulate them, offers a unique window into human cognition.
		The behavior of this model is analyzed using several approaches: separate simulations of each main result, a single simulation of a lifetime of arithmetic learning, a formal analysis of the model's dynamics and an empirical variation of the simulation's parameters.
		The formal and empirical analyses of the model parameters establish that despite its less-than-perfect performance, human cognition is surprisingly optimal.
	reports-archive.adm.cs.cmu.edu /anon/1998/abstracts/98-186.html (364 words)

	Act \| \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Act of Congress or Act of Parliament, a statute or law passed by a legislature
		ACT (cognitive model), a symbolic cognitive architecture, created by John R. Anderson.
		Het Australisch Hoofdstedelijk Territorium (Engels: Australian Capital Territory, afgekort tot ACT) is een klein, zelfbesturend gebied, gecreëerd, naar het voorbeeld van het District of Columbia in de VS, voor het bouwen van de Federale hoofdstad van Het Gemenebest van Australië, Canberra.
	www.babylon.com /definition/Act/All (863 words)

	Using Contextual Instruction to make Abstract Learning Concrete (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cognitive apprenticeship, like traditional apprenticeship, is a method of training students to perform specific tasks.
		The students in a formal school class may have difficulty seeing themselves performing a particular task, while apprentices not only see themselves performing the task but immediately translate what they are observing to their role in completing the task.
		Using cognitive apprenticeship to teach the knowledge base required for a student to be successful requires the teacher to instruct democratically so that every student has an opportunity to perceive and organize data in accord with his or her natural and expanded mediation abilities.
	www.acteonline.org /members/techniques/jan04_feature4.cfm (2911 words)

	Hon reviews Nichols & Stich on Pretense (2000)
		Their model posits a Script Elaborator which is implicated in the embellishment that occurs in pretense.
		Cognitive Quarantine: the limited effects of pretense on the later cognitive state of the pretender.
		Nevertheless I believe that the methodology of forming the cognitive model of pretense cognition, at our current level of technology is justified.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /comm/steen/cogweb/Abstracts/Hon_on_Nichols_00.html (1209 words)

	ACT-R: Theory and Architecture of Cognition
		ACT-R is a cognitive architecture: a theory for simulating and understanding human cognition.
		As the research continues, ACT-R evolves ever closer into a system which can perform the full range of human cognitive tasks: capturing in great detail the way we perceive, think about, and act on the world.
		Allen Newell describes cognitive architectures as the way to answer one of the ultimate scientific questions.
	act-r.psy.cmu.edu (99 words)

	ACT-R
		Since ACT-R models the process of learning a skill (the transition from declarative knowledge to procedural knowledge), it can be used to evaluate how easy it is for a user to learn how to use a system.
		Developing ACT-R models is not a trivial matter, and the complexity of developing an ACT-R model (especially one that interacts with a user interface) may dissuade a designer from using this technique.
		Using ACT-R requires developing a sophisticated model of the cognitive task, and there is simply too much effort involved in developing a model for a specific application.
	www.cs.umd.edu /class/fall2002/cmsc838s/tichi/actr.html (1840 words)

	EXP 6939: Syllabus
		Knowledge of the ideas germane to cognitive modelling, generally those of the information processing point of view, will be assumed.
		A cognitive model is a a representation, generally a on a computer, of how people solve problems or learn a particular skill.
		One component takes place in a classroom, and will be an overview of the cognitive modeling field, during which we will discuss the basic idea behind it, early cognitive models, and end with a series of discussions on current cognitive architectures.
	www.theblessingfamily.com /steve/exp6939-modeling/syllabus.html (707 words)

	Cognitive Apprenticeship
		Cognitive apprenticeships are situated within the social constructivist paradigm.
		Cognitive apprenticeships are representative of Vygotskian "zones of proximal development" in which student tasks are slightly more difficult than students can manage independently, requiring the aid of their peers and instructor to succeed.
		In situated cognition, problem solving activities should not be "neat" and pre-defined, but rather, complex with students required to discover relevant procedures.
	www.edtech.vt.edu /edtech/id/models/cog.html (517 words)

	index for the applied cognitive science lab at PSU
		This is done by creating and testing cognitive models that learn, and, as a necessary step, to make model creation, explanation, evaluation, and improvement more routine.
		Cognitive models tend to not have hysteresis in their behavior.
		Examples of this include that models tend not to give up; they tend not to fatigue; and they tend not to be connected, let alone sensitive, to their physical environment.
	acs.ist.psu.edu /acs-lab (786 words)

	Copenhagen text (via CobWeb/3.1 kupl1.ittc.ku.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Following a critical examination of a cognitive model of schizophrenia developed by Christopher Frith (1992), I offer an alternative model inspired by a phenomenological analysis of time-consciousness, and consistent with empirical studies of the temporal experience of schizophrenic patients.
		Frith's model assumes not only that thinking is a kind of action, but that, as in the case of a motor action, we experience an effortful intention.
		I have suggested that the sense of ownership for action (both motor action and cognition) can be distinguished from the sense of agency for action, and that for cognition the sense of agency, although not etiologically explained by protentional mechanisms, depends on the protentional function for its proper registration at the level of consciousness.
	pegasus.cc.ucf.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /~gallaghr/copenhagen.html (12996 words)

	Cognitive Tutor Authoring Tools: Tutor Types
		Cognitive tutors are the more robust of the two tutor types.
		Developing a cognitive tutor involves creating a cognitive model of student problem solving by writing production rules that characterize the variety of strategies and misconceptions students may acquire.
		Cognitive Tutors are sometimes are also called "Production Rule Tutors", a reference to the production rules you will create.
	ctat.pact.cs.cmu.edu /index.php?id=tutortypes (743 words)

	Amazon.ca: Schema Therapy : A Practitioner's Guide: Books: Jeffrey E. Young,Janet S. Klosko,Marjorie E. Weishaar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Building on cognitive therapy, the approach provides a means for dealing with many of the problems people face in their daily lives.
		Working within a comprehensive cognitive model, the authors draw on a variety of strategies to address the specific problems in this population: rigid, lifelong maladaptive characterological patterns; chronic interpersonal difficulties; and transference reactions.
		Cognitive and behavior therapists will find the focus on early childhood experience and deeper emotions to be be a useful extension of knowledge presented in a logical down to earth manner.
	www.amazon.ca /Schema-Therapy-Practitioners-Jeffrey-Young/dp/1593853726 (1269 words)

	cognitive model interfaces paper
		Models that populate synthetic environments are particularly complex and need support in this area.
		Because of their diversity, we found that all were able to report unique problems with the interface, and thus now suggest about twice as many experts be used for evaluations than were previously suggested and that the experts should vary in their perspective.
		We used their behavior and reports to develop a task analysis that can be used as a general guide for future designs of user interfaces for cognitive models in general and for the design of interfaces for models in synthetic environments in particular.
	act.psy.cmu.edu /pipermail/act-r-users/2002-July/000180.html (315 words)

	Cognitive Models (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As a mathematical model, our queueing network model is able to integrate a large number of existing mathematical models as special cases and to cover a wider range of phenomena.
		It is a macro-architecture model with a few dozens of powerful processing units (like cortical zones or psychological functional modules), not a micro-structure connectionist neural network of a large number of neurons.
		Tsimhoni, O., and Liu, Y. “Modeling steering with the Queueing Network-Model Human Processor (QN-MHP),” Proceedings of the 47th Annual Conference of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society.
	www-personal.engin.umich.edu /~yililiu/cogmodel.html (879 words)

	Ibots: User Interface Softbots
		Applied Cognitive Science Lab at Penn State, we are working on a novel approach to evaluation, based on cognitive modeling, that will alleviate some common evaluation problems.
		We are building a general-purpose, cross-platform architecture in which user performance in an interactive environment is simulated by a cognitive model.
		A perception/action substrate for cognitive modeling in HCI.
	www.csc.ncsu.edu /faculty/stamant/cognitive-modeling.html (645 words)

	GOMS Model ( (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		According to the GOMS model, cognitive structure consists of four components: (1) a set of goals, (2) a set of operators, (3) a set of methods for achieving the goals, and (4) a set of selection rules for chosing among competing methods.
		The primary application of the GOMS model is to text editing tasks, although it has also been applied to a wide range of computer tasks (see Olson and Olson, 1991).
		The operators involved in cognitive skills are highly specific to the methods used for a given task.
	tecfa.unige.ch /themes/sa2/act-app-dos2-fic-goms.htm (401 words)

	UCF Computer Science Colloquium
		The model arises in a principled manner from the structure of the task and the constraints of the architecture.
		The model generalizes to never previously encountered scenarios and is in many ways undistinguishable from human performance.
		His main research interest is cognitive architectures and their applications to psychology, artificial intelligence, human-computer interaction, decision-making, game theory, and computer-generated forces.
	www.cs.ucf.edu /csdept/colloq/2001-02/02-01-25.html (318 words)

	The Center for Mindfulness - Cognitive Behavioral (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Cognitive-behavioral therapist teach that when our brains are healthy, it is our thinking that causes us to feel and act the way we do.
		Therefore, if we are experiencing unwanted feelings and behaviors, it is important to identify the thinking that is causing the feelings / behaviors and to learn how to replace this thinking with thoughts that lead to more desirable reactions.
		CBT is based on the Cognitive Model of Emotional Response.
	www.lahdini.com /Cognitive_Behavioral (752 words)

	FNF: ACT-R THEORY (JOHN R. ANDERSON) 2001-12-28
		Symbolic cognitive models are theories of human cognition that take the form of
		A cognitive model is intended to be an
		"ACT-R is also an instance of a hybrid cognitive architecture in that it represents knowledge symbolically as rules and facts but also has a neurally-based activation process that determines which facts and rules get deployed in which situations.
	www.hi.is /~joner/eaps/wh_actr.htm (190 words)

	COGNITIVE SCIENCE AND PSYCHIATRY: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		to inputs (stimuli) and outputs (responses), the cognitivist model is
		a neodissociative model of the dissociative disorders.
		cognitive science models of depression nevertheless remains to be
	cogprints.org /1099/00/COGNITIVE__SCIENCE__AND__PSYCHIATRY.htm (4212 words)

	ACT-R: Niels A. Taatgen
		Taatgen, N.A. Modeling parallelization and speed improvement in skill acquisition: from dual tasks to complex dynamic skills.
		Zondervan, K. & Taatgen, N.A. The determiners model: a cognitive model of macro development and U-shaped learning in a micro domain.
		Taatgen, N. Extending the Past-tense debate: A model of the german plural.
	act-r.psy.cmu.edu /people/index.php?id=92 (736 words)

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