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	[No title]
		Alpha-fetoprotein screening is a blood test for pregnant women.
		The timing of the test is important because if the AFP level is higher or lower than normal, enough time must remain in your pregnancy for further steps.
		AFP screening is a noninvasive test that carries virtually no risk.
	folsomobgyn.com /afp.htm (623 words)

	High-Risk Pregnancy - Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
		Alpha-fetoprotein screening is a blood test that measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the mothers' blood during pregnancy.
		AFP is a protein normally produced by the fetal liver and is present in the fluid surrounding the fetus (amniotic fluid), and crosses the placenta into the mother's blood.
		AFP screening may be included as one part of a two, three, or four-part screening, often called a multiple marker screen used.
	www.musckids.com /health_library/hrpregnant/afp.htm (502 words)

	Tumor Marker, Markers Information, AFP, CA-125, CA19-9, HCG, PSA, Cancer Testing and Screening
		AFP is of importance in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma and may be useful in screening procedures.
		AFP is a marker for hepatocellular and germ cell (nonseminoma) carcinoma.1 It is a glycoprotein produced in large amounts during fetal life and is homologous to albumin.
		AFP is elevated in normal pregnancy, benign liver disease (hepatitis, cirrhosis), as well as in cancer.
	www.tc-cancer.com /tumormarkers.html (2157 words)

	Pregnancy \| Prenatal Diagnosis \| Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) Screening
		AFP is a substance made by the yolk sac of a fetus that enters the amniotic fluid and crosses the placenta into the mother's bloodstream.
		In addition to checking the AFP levels, the laboratory also measures the amount of the hormones unconjugated estriol, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and inhibin-A. The amount of these hormones can be altered in a woman's blood when she is carrying a baby with a chromosome problem or certain birth defects.
		This is a screening test, which means that if your test result is positive, it does not necessarily mean that your baby has a birth defect, but rather that you have an increased risk of a carrying a fetus with a genetic abnormality.
	www.ucsfhealth.org /childrens/medical_services/preg/prenatal/afp.html (622 words)

	YNHH Health Library
		Alpha-fetoprotein screening is a blood test that measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the mothers' blood during pregnancy.
		AFP is a protein normally produced by the fetal liver and is present in the fluid surrounding the fetus (amniotic fluid), and crosses the placenta into the mother's blood.
		AFP screening may be included as one part of a two, three, or four-part screening, often called a multiple marker screen used.
	www.ynhh-healthlibrary.org /content.asp?page=P06799 (561 words)

	Cancer Screening Guidelines - March 15, 2001 - American Family Physician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Yearly screening is allowed for women who are at a high risk of cervical or vaginal cancer or who have had an abnormal Pap smear in the preceding three years.
		However, such screening may be recommended for a patient at high risk of breast cancer based on the patient's and physician's preferences and the higher frequency of a positive predictive value of screening in the high-risk group.
		USPSTF recommends regular endoscopic screening in patients with a family history of hereditary syndromes associated with a high risk of colon cancer (i.e., familial polyposis and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) and in patients with ulcerative colitis, high-risk adenomatous polyps or colon cancer.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20010315/1101.html (5919 words)

	AFP in screening
		It was described as having septations with areas of increased density.
		However, he wants to wait until the AFP comes back to rule out the need to contact a gynecological oncologist to perform the surgery instead of him.
		The AFP could be elevated in the case of an ovarian teratoma - a different type of ovarian cancer.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/OvarianCancer/messages/881.html (293 words)

	Maternal Serum Triple Analyte Screening in Pregnancy - March 1, 2002 - American Family Physician (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Using AFP in conjunction with ultrasonography to confirm dates, 21 percent of trisomy 21 pregnancies and 5 percent of normal pregnancies would be selected for amniocentesis.
		AFP is better at detecting NTDs than ultrasonography, and it is the only marker in the triple screen useful for NTD detection.
		Screening with all four markers is now available at some clinical laboratories and is likely to be more widely available in the near future if these results can be verified in younger women.
	www.aafp.org /afp/20020301/915.html (2830 words)

	Alpha-fetoprotein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		AFP is a glycoprotein of 590 amino acids and a carbohydrate moiety that is normally produced by the fetal yolk sac, the fetal gastrointestinal tract, and eventually by the fetal liver.
		Like all tumor markers, the detection of AFP by itself is not diagnostic of anything, although if it is detected it is certainly advisable to rule out the diseases could cause levels to rise.
		AFP is the main tumor marker (along with HCG) to diagnose testicular cancer and its values over time can have significant effect on the treatment plan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/AFP_screening (529 words)

	Hepatitis C Management: Screening for liver cancer
		Screening for HCC in patients with HCV infection is widely accepted by hepatologists, even though there is no evidence that it is effective.
		Fluctuating AFP levels may be present in patients who have underlying chronic active hepatitis and active cirrhosis.
		The screening process is accelerated in patients with tumors smaller than 1 cm and in patients who experience a progressive increase in AFP levels in the absence of a mass lesion.
	www.clevelandclinicmeded.com /hcv/screening.htm (1483 words)

	Perinatal Screening for Congenital Malformations and Genetic Disorders
		Screening for amino acidemia, organic acidemia, and fatty acid oxidation disorders by tandem mass spectrometry is under active investigation in California and several other states and is already being utilized for suspected metabolic disorders by SCPMG's Regional Genetic Testing Laboratory.
		AFP can be detected in maternal serum by seven or eight weeks of gestation and reaches a peak concentration at about 30 weeks of gestation.
		Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis has been shown to improve the nutritional status of affected infants and young children, and additional mutations related to cystic fibrosis are being investigated in diverse populations.
	xnet.kp.org /permanentejournal/winter02/perinatal.html (2864 words)

	Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) in Blood
		AFP is a substance naturally produced by the liver of a fetus.
		The normal range of AFP values is adjusted for each woman's weight and race, whether she has diabetes (requiring injections of insulin), and the age of her fetus (gestational age).
		If abnormal levels of AFP are found in the blood of a pregnant woman, she should discuss the results and further plans with her health professional or genetic counselor.
	www.webmd.com /hw/being_pregnant/hw1663.asp (1773 words)

	Alpha-Fetoprotein Test \| AHealthyMe.com
		This screening test measures the level of AFP in the mother's blood and indicates the probability that the fetus has one of several serious birth defects.
		Outside pregnancy, the AFP test is used to detect liver disease, certain cancerous tumors, and to monitor the progress of cancer treatment.
		AFP is often part of a "triple check" blood test that analyzes three substances as risk indicators of possible birth defects: AFP, estriol, and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG).
	www.ahealthyme.com /topic/topic100586412 (1139 words)

	Second Trimester Maternal Screening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The amount of AFP in the mother’s blood can be measured by a blood sample taken between the 15th and 21st week of pregnancy.
		If a woman has elevated AFP levels on repeat testing or the first AFP level is very high, she will be offered further information and testing to evaluate the baby for abnormalities.
		Low AFP, hCG, and estriol levels are used to detect pregnancies at increased risk for trisomy 18, a birth defect that causes mental retardation, and in most cases, death.
	www.muschealth.com /women/secondtrimester.htm (915 words)

	Genetics Center - Expanded AFP Screening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Specifically, it screens for neural tube defects (such as spina bifida and anencephaly), abdominal wall defects, Down syndrome, trisomy 18 (a chromosome abnormality that is usually lethal), and Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome (a condition involving mental retardation and severe birth defects).
		Most importantly, it is a screening test, not a diagnostic procedure.
		XAFP screening is simply a means of determining whether more detailed testing may be offered.
	www.geneticscenter.com /afp.php (185 words)

	Multiple marker screening (AFP)
		The multiple marker screening test (sometimes referred to as the triple or quadruple screen) is a blood test that can tell you whether your baby is at an increased risk for certain problems.
		The conditions it screens for are Down syndrome and trisomy 18, which are chromosomal abnormalities, as well as neural tube defects, such as spina bifida.
		Remember that a normal screening result (screen negative) isn't a guarantee that your baby has normal chromosomes, but it does suggest that a problem is unlikely.
	www.babycenter.com /refcap/pregnancy/prenatalhealth/1487.html (2585 words)

	First Trimester Prenatal Screening (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Approximately 5 percent of those undergoing screening are determined to be at increased risk and further testing can be performed to achieve a definitive diagnosis.
		If the screening test does not predict an increased risk, it is recommended that the patient proceed with maternal serum AFP screening in the second trimester to identify increased risks for open neural tube defects and abdominal wall defects.
		Screening tests do not provide the full information that diagnostic testing does, because they screen for only two of the chromosome abnormalities for which there is an increased risk.
	www.muschealth.com /women/firsttrimester.htm (891 words)

	Pregnancy Today: Alpha-fetoprotein Screening (AFP)/Enhanced AFP
		The screening is done 16 to 18 weeks after the last menstrual period.
		A low level of MSAFP could be an indication of Down syndrome; however, an AFP screen is not as accurate as an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in detecting Down syndrome, according to R. Harold Holbrook, Jr., M.D. of Stanford University.
		Additional testing is performed in the event of an abnormal AFP test result and genetic counseling is available for the parents.
	pregnancytoday.com /reference/articles/afp.htm (615 words)

	GeneCare Medical Genetics Center - Patient Information on Maternal AFP and freeBeta Prenatal Screening
		Screening can also be done as late as 22 weeks 3 days.
		Screening should be offered to all pregnant women who are less than 35, and whose babies do not have an increased risk for an ONTD or chromosomal abnormalities.
		Screening will not detect small or closed spine and skull defects, open abdominal defects and pregnancies with perinatal complications.
	www.genecare.com /afp.html (814 words)

	[No title]
		There is a normal range of AFP found in the mothers blood; this is determined by the age of the fetus.
		In the typical AFP scare for a woman younger than 35, you are tentative in the first trimester because of the risk of miscarriage, then you get un-tentative and the fetus becomes a baby to you.
		I requested a second AFP test, and they gave it to me, although they said that their policy was to only offer a second test when the initial result was high.
	www.jammed.com /usenet/faq/misc-kids/pregnancy/screening/AFP (8720 words)

	Women's Health Advisor 2005.4: Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening
		AFP is produced by your unborn baby's liver.
		If the AFP level is higher or lower than normal, enough time must remain in your pregnancy for further steps.
		In addition to AFP, your blood is tested for 2 or 3 other substances produced by the placenta.
	www.med.umich.edu /1libr/wha/wha_afp_crs.htm (865 words)

	Maternal Serum AFP Screening, Womens Clinic of Seattle, Seattle, Washington
		The screening process requires a small amount of blood drawn from the mother's arm which, when positive, will help identify those pregnancies that may be at increased risk for fetal abnormalities known as neural tube defects and Down's syndrome.
		The screening process is carried out between 15 and 20 weeks from the first day in the last menstrual period.
		The level of AFP in the mother's blood is more than two and a half times the normal value.
	www.womensclinicseattle.com /msafp.htm (1070 words)

	XAFP Screening Program - KP Genetics Northern California
		The goal of the Expanded AFP Screening Program is to provide an opportunity for all pregnant women in California to have prenatal screening for open neural tube defects (spina bifida/anencephaly), abdominal wall defects, Down syndrome, trisomy 18 and Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS.).
		Expanded AFP or "triple marker" screening measures maternal serum (blood) levels of three substances which are normally found in a woman’s bloodstream when she is pregnant.
		The XAFP Screening Program was established by the CA Department of Health Services Genetic Disease Branch to provide prenatal screening for all pregnant women in California.
	www.dor.kaiser.org /genetics/home/xafp.htm (425 words)

	Women's Health Advisor 9.0: Alpha-Fetoprotein Screening
		Sometimes, however, a baby may be normal even though the AFP level is abnormal.
		A high level of AFP may indicate a problem with the spinal cord, brain, or digestive system.
		If the results of the AFP test and follow-up tests show that your baby does have a serious problem, your health care provider will talk to you about your choices of treatment.
	www.obiakorobgyn.com /medical/crs/afp.htm (658 words)

	iParenting - Pregnancy, Preconception, Babies, Parenting, Family Life
		Beginning in the early 1980s, pregnant women were offered Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) screening to detect neural tube defects such as spina bifida (open spine) as well as Down syndrome.
		A low level of MSAFP could be an indication of Down syndrome; however, an AFP screen is not as accurate as an amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS) in detecting Down syndrome, according to R. Harold Holbrook, Jr., M.D. of Stanford University.
		Additional testing is performed in the event of an abnormal AFP test result and genetic counseling is available for the parents.
	iparentingcanada.com /articles/1244.php?wcat=174 (617 words)

	misc.kids FAQ on the Pregnancy AFP Screen and the Triple Screen
		From: gazissax@netcom.com Newsgroups: misc.kids.info,misc.answers,news.answers,misc.kids.pregnancy Subject: misc.kids FAQ on the Pregnancy AFP Screen and the Triple Screen Followup-To: misc.kids.pregnancy Approved: news-answers-request@MIT.EDU, kids-info-request@ai.mit.edu Reply-To: gazissax@netcom.com Summary: The FAQ discusses the AFP Screen and the Triple Screen, prenatal tests which are used to screen for Down's syndrome and neural tube defects.
		These screening tests are used to predict which pregnancies are at elevated risk of certain abnormalities.
		In May of 1995, I was 18 weeks pregnant and reluctantly had the triple screen test done as we live in an area with a lack of facility that would deal with a problematic birth.
	www.alsirat.com /chealth/afp_3screen.html (9056 words)

	FBR Multiple Marker Prenatal Screening
		Screening: the systematic application of a test or inquiry, to identify subjects at sufficient risk of a specific disorder to benefit from further investigation or direct preventive action, among persons who have not sought medical attention on account of symptoms of that disorder.-- Journal of Medical Screening, 1994
		Since then, we've been asked to provide AFP screening and diagnostic services for programs and laboratories nationwide, as well as Canada.
		We have conducted a short course entitled "Essentials of AFP Screening" over 20 times since 1984, to help make sure that screening programs world-wide are established and managed properly.
	www.fbr.org /psl/triplemarker.html (723 words)

	California Expanded AFP Screening Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		For may years, the only prenatal test for birth defects in women 35 years and older was Amniocentesis More recently, Early Amniocentesis and CVS (Chorionic Villus Sampling) have also been offered.
		This blood test is combined with a woman's age to estimate her own personal risk for having a fetus with Down syndrome.
		If the test result is positive, diagnostic follow-up tests are provided as part of the California Expanded AFP Screening Program.
	orpheus.ucsd.edu /xafp/xa02008.html (133 words)

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