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Topic: AFSK

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	AFSK - effect of overload of tx audio input
		The following graphs are spectral analysis of short segments of 1200 AFSK (Bell 202 modulation) which is carrying alternate mark and spaces at the maximum rate.
		Figure 5 shows defective AFSK signals from different stations and captured locally on the APRS channel.
		Figure 6 shows three different AFSK transmissions in the waterfall log in the lower part of the display.
	www.vk1od.net /afskoverload/afskoverload.htm (0 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: )
		AFSK differs from regular frequency-shift keying in that the modulation is performed at baseband frequencies.
		AFSK is still widely used in amateur radio, as it allows data transmission through unmodified voiceband equipment.
		AFSK is also used in the United States' Emergency Alert System to transmit warning information.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Frequency-shift_keying (524 words)

	An AfsK/AfsR system involved in the response of aerial mycelium formation to glucose in Streptomyces griseus -- Umeyama ...
		Effects of afsK and afsR disruption on aerial mycelium formation by S.
		explanation is that AfsK and AfsX phosphorylate serine and threonine
		Autophosphorylation of a Bacterial Serine/Threonine Kinase, AfsK, Is Inhibited by KbpA, an AfsK-Binding Protein
	mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/145/9/2281 (5401 words)

	Ebbe K. Graversen
		Identification of formal and informal individual and establishment based innovation knowledge.
		2001-2002: Senior researcher, The Danish Institute for Studies in Research and Research Policy, AFSK.
		Dynamic Research Environments - A Development Model AFSK Working papers 2003/4.
	www.afsk.au.dk /pers_pages/eg.htm (0 words)

	AFSK vs FSK
		2) 1200 baud AFSK in a 15 KHz channel is only about 2 dB worse than could be obtained even in a matched bandwidth 1200 baud FSK radio.
		3) Most on air 1200 baud AFSK signals are terrible implementations...
		Here are the data points we are using: 1) Assuming Kenwood with its all-in-one-integrated dual 1200/9600 baud data radios did the best they could with their FM radios, testing has consistently revealed on 4 different radios a measurable 7 dB difference between 1200 baud AFSK and 9600 baud FSK.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/archive/amsat-bb/200007/msg00481.html (547 words)

	RTTY Radios
		AFSK is used as otherwise I cannot use such filters.
		For AFSK I use the LSB or USB mode and vary the filter down as narrow as 400 hz.
		While monitoring of outgoing AFSK RTTY is provided with the DG upgrade, it disappointingly does not give you anything for FSK, which should have been quite easy for the designer to implement.
	www.aa5au.com /rtty_radios.html (5483 words)

	Getting Started on RTTY - Introduction
		AFSK is when you send audio from a TNC or Sound Card to the audio input of your transmitter either via the mic input or accessory jack.
		The only real advantages to running AFSK are that you can get started rather quickly using this method because it's simple audio-to-a-soundcard input for receive and audio-from-a-soundcard output to your transceiver for transmit and you can also make use of the NET features of sound card programs.
		Another disadvantage of using AFSK is that most transceivers will not allow you to use the narrow IF filters in your radio when operating in the LSB or USB positions.
	aa5au.com /gettingstarted/rtty_start_intro.htm (1318 words)

	Turning shale and asphalt into oil
		Haifa-based A.F.S.K Hom-Tov recently demonstrated its patented method of extracting high quality oil and natural gas from a mixture of bitumen and oil shale rock.
		AFSK Industries was established 30 years ago and in 1994 established AFSK Hom-Tov to promote the unique extraction process.
		Yisrael Feldman, A.F.S.K. Hom Tov CEO, and creator of the revolutionary technique, estimates it will cost $700 million to set up a production plant in Israel's Negev region that could produce 2.3 million tons of oil and natural gas from 6 million tons of shale and 2 million tons of bitumen.
	www.mfa.gov.il /MFA/Israel+beyond+politics/Turning+shale+and+asphalt+into+oil+15-Jan-2007.htm (724 words)

	Electronic Circuits Projects Diagrams Free - View Single Post - FSK
		AFSK uses a single carrier frequency and you modulate it with one of two audio tones, one for mark and one for space - commonly used frequencies have been posted previously in this thread.
		Audioguru says that FSK is equivalent to what Nigel said about AFSK (two tones modulating a single carrier).
		AFSK is not generally used for high-speed data communications, as it is less efficient than other modulation modes.
	www.electro-tech-online.com /115926-post34.html (438 words)

	[No title]
		Connect the terminal units AFSK output jack to TS-440S AFSK IN jack, and the terminal unit's AFSK input jack to the TS-440S AFSK OUT jack on the rear panel of the transceiver.
		AFSK operation requires a terminal unit designed to supply this type of operation.
		During AFSK mode operation, the microphone switch should be OFF or ground pin No. 9 of the ACC 2 jack, or the microphone disconnected, if you are using the AFSK jacks on the rear panel.
	www.icanworkthisthing.com /download/docs/ts440.txt (7136 words)

	Packet Radio - Physical Layer
		AFSK is audio frequency shift keying, which means the signal is modulated using two audio tones, as opposed to regular FSK, where the radio frequency carrier itself is shifted in frequency.
		AFSK has the advantage of working through a regular audio path, which makes it well suited for use with radios designed for voice.
		Because a 1 is represented by no change in tone, sending a long string of 1s would result in an unchanging signal, which in turn would cause the receiver to drift out of sync with the transmitter.
	n1vg.net /packet/index.php (589 words)

	RTTY - FSK vs AFSK: which is better ?
		In AFSK (Audio FSK) instead, mark and space are operated by an audio oscillator outside the RTX, which therefore needn't have the FSK mode.
		Surely the highlight in AFSK is that due to AFC (Automatic Frequency Control), which modifies the mark's and space's frequencies, the software can automatically "track down" and target perfectly the other station, without having to do it manually with the VFO: this will do both for reception and transmission.
		I can thus say that both the FSK and the AFSK give very good results; the choice of the mode is up you, and depends mainly on the radio you are using and the clogging of the frequency.
	www.ik3qar.it /rtty/3 (287 words)

	Modifications for the Yaesu FT-920
		The AFSK configuration environment may be the easiest for you to use, as the TNC then has total control of the tone frequencies, Mark/Space relationship (normal/inverted), and other aspects of digital operation which are critical to successful operation.
		As with AFSK operation, the "CW" filter may be engaged in the FSK mode by pressing the [Narrow] key, and the DSP filters may also be used to reduce interference in crowded digital operating situations.
		If you are hearing and decoding stations successfully in an AFSK environment, but stations cannot understand you, check to be certain that your TNC's software has not set a shift other than 170 Hz, and be sure that the tones have not been "inverted" in the software configuration.
	www.radiomods.co.nz /yaesu/yaesuft920.html (1113 words)

	Re: [aprssig] 1200 AFSK PACSAT Uplink [was: AO16/LO19 Traknet Operation
		Re: [aprssig] 1200 AFSK PACSAT Uplink [was: AO16/LO19 Traknet Operational!]
		Prev by Date: 1200 AFSK PACSAT Uplink [was: AO16/LO19 Traknet Operational!]
		Prev by thread: 1200 AFSK PACSAT Uplink [was: AO16/LO19 Traknet Operational!]
	www.amsat.org /amsat/archive/amsat-bb/199909/msg00526.html (931 words)

	GPS INFO
		Where the cost of engineering overhead would be excessive to do this a "smart" packet modem should be used.
		1200 Baud AFSK circuit board assembly for integration into customer equipment.
		Note: Physical size precludes higher data rate modems in these models.
	www.paccomm.com /gpscomm.html (846 words)

	RTTY Basics
		AFSK can be used with any SSB transmitter.
		AFSK is a bit trickier to set up and use, but when it is done correctly, it works just as well as FSK and will transmit a perfect RTTY signal.
		To operate with AFSK, you put your transmitter in the SSB mode instead of FSK mode, and you inject an audio signal into the microphone input (some transceivers have a rear connector for data input).
	www.southgatearc.org /data/rtty (3338 words)

	VFX - AFSK Modem (Site not responding. Last check: )
		AFSK Modem's circuit diagram : The modulator and the demodulator (pdf < 10 kb).
		For the easier tuning of the modem it could have been built with potentiometers, but it was easier to reach a smaller size this way (I didn't want to use SMD potentiometers).
		They work just fine at room temperature, but they become unstable at temperatures of -10..+50 C. For the solution of the transmitter side problems a program-controlled AFSK modulator, running on AVR MCU, was built.
	www.vfx.hu /proj/fskmodem/fskmodem_eng.html (573 words)

	FSR Physik GH Siegen: Geschichte der AFSK
		Dies wurde, wie auch heute, von einer Politik begleitet, Gruppen von der AFSK abzuspalten.
		Weitere entscheidende Aktionen, die von der AFSK maßgebend initiiert und getragen wurden (Streik 93/94 und 97/98), konnten erst durch diese Struktur auf breite Füße gestellt werden.
		Auf dieser Grundlage hat sich die AFSK durch Konsens auf einige Punkte geeinigt, die auch in Zukunft zu ihrem Selbstverständnis gehören.
	www.stud.uni-siegen.de /fsr7/vs/afskhist.html (534 words)

	RTTY (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Once you are familiar with the output controls, you are ready to hook your audio device up to the transceiver and follow the transceiver’s AFSK level adjustment procedure, using one of these test tones as the test signal (I recommend using the diddle or the RY sequence).
		The main purpose of the AFSK adjustments is to make sure that you are operating within the linear region of an SSB transmitter.
		Because of this, audio (AFSK) tones will be lower pitched towards the left of the waterfall if you have configured the receiver for Upper Sideband (USB) and the audio tones will be lower pitched towards the right of the waterfall if you have configured the receiver for Lower Sideband (LSB).
	homepage.mac.com /chen/cocoaModemPage/UsersManual/RTTY/index.html (8468 words)

	KD7LMO - Payload Computer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		AFSK vs. FSK The TNC utilized an AFSK (Audio Frequency Shift Keying) modulation scheme rather than a FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) system.
		AFSK allows the use of any transceiver with an external audio connection.
		In a traditional FSK transceiver, the carrier is at one of two frequency to indicate a zero or one data bit.
	www.kd7lmo.net /pc_tnc.html (268 words)

	FSK versus AFSK - Digital Forum at eHam.net
		I have found several circuits that will generate an audio FSK tones (AFSK), actually they are modem chips.
		Now, if you put audio AFSK tones into a SSB transmitter you get FSK out the antenna port, basically the same as if you used direct FSK keying of the transmitter.
		If you put AFSK tones into an FM transmitter then the output is totally different than if you used direct FSK.
	www.eham.net /forums/Digital/2608 (187 words)

	BUSTAN Article, Hagada (Hebrew news), Inamo (German Middle East Journal) and News From Within: "THE OIL SHALE ...
		The developer, AFSK Hom-Tov, is in the process of negotiating with the Ministry of Infrastructure to build a 700 M$ oil shale extraction plant at Mishor Rotem, near Israel's Dimona nuclear facility in the Negev/Naqab.
		AFSK Hom-Tov relays that warm feelings are emanating from the Ministry, and that if it receives approval for the plant, all of Israel's electricity needs will be satisfied for the next half-century.
		As prices reached 75$ a barrel this year, oil shale tech developers and big oil companies around the world are keen to take advantage of the rising cost of oil to push ahead this inefficient fossil fuel and reclaim their investments.
	bustan.org /2006/09/news_from_within_the_oil_shale.html (2465 words)

	Modifications for the Kenwood TS-440
		Anyway this modification moves the wire's from the AFSK IN to the ACC 2 connector.
		On output, none; the AFSK and the DATA out pin on ACC-2 are connected together, and are fed from the high side of the volume control - they are receiver audio BEFORE the cw sidetone, beeper, and voice response unit are mixed in, and should be a constant level independent of the AF gain setting.
		The AFSK input is different from the DATA IN connection; AFSK and microphone signals both go through the mike preamp and speech processor; the DATA input bypasses both.
	www.radiomods.co.nz /kenwood/kenwoodts440.html (5184 words)

	RTTY BASICS by W7TI
		Also, AFSK can do some things FSK can not, such as Automatic Frequency Control (AFC) of the transmitter.
		To operate with AFSK, you put your transmitter in the SSB mode instead of FSK mode, and you put an audio signal into the microphone input (some transceivers have a rear connector for data input).
		The really critical part about AFSK is the amplitude of the signal fed into the microphone connector (or rear panel connector), together with the microphone gain setting.
	www.ok1rr.com /view.php?cisloclanku=2005021501 (2839 words)

	Natural Brande - Vis produkter
		70% kanariefrø, 6% hamp, 5% hvid hirse, 4% afsk.
		52% kanariefrø, 8% Niger hirse, 8% hamp, 8% japansk hirse, 7% safflor, 6% hvid hirse, 6% boghvede, 5% afsk.
		20% stribet solsikke, 10% hvid solsikke, 8% safflor, 7% græskarkerner, 5% hvedepops, 5% afsk.
	www.natural-brande.dk /infoglueDeliverWorking/viewCategory?categoryid=23 (431 words)

	[No title]
		I have had AFSK and FSK connections hooked up at the same time, and have used both with no problems.
		In their case - use of AFSK is recommended since the PK232 sets the frequency shift to 200 in that modulation mode.
		I went into the cal mode, typed K and then d (injects data rather than a tone) and adjusted the mic gain until the ALC deviation on the ALC digital meter was just showing at the low end of the ALC bar.
	www.upei.ca /~seeler/ts690text.html (2346 words)

	SO2R Setup
		A recommended addition is a second sound card so you can playback recorded audio during the contest.
		Some rigs don't give you full control of their IF filter selections if you run AFSK, but do if you run FSK.
		However, there is no reason for your on-the-air signal to be distinguishable between AFSK and FSK.
	www.writelog.com /support/SO2RSetup.htm (275 words)

	RTTY Page
		I initially operated RTTY using AFSK with a Rigblaster Nomic interface to an Icom IC-756 Pro transceiver.
		Using AFSK meant that I could not use the Icom's RTTY filters and QRM during contesting meant that I generally operated rather high in the RTTY sub-bands.
		Fourtunately K5WW has very clearly described how to modify the Rigblaster Nomic to allow FSK to be used.
	www.g4zfe.com /rtty.html (639 words)

	Hamradio Board \| Lexikon \| AFSK
		Wenn Du noch keinen Account bei uns hast, klick hier um dich zu registrieren und die Vorteile als registriertes Mitglied zu nutzen.
		Unter AFSK versteht man die Ansteuerung eines SSB- oder FM-Senders oder -Transceivers mit zwei umgetasteten Niederfrequenzen.
		AFSK ist einfacher zu bewerkstelligen als direkte Frequenzumtastung (FSK) und von dieser im Ergebnis nicht zu unterscheiden.
	www.hamradioboard.com /lex.php?action=detail&id=52 (193 words)

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