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	AIDS - Simple English Wikipedia
		AIDS is a disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, better known by the acronym HIV.
		AIDS defining illnesses (illness is another word for disease.)
		The blood test that defines AIDS is the CD4 T-cell count.
	simple.wikipedia.org /wiki/AIDS (1775 words)

	How does it progress? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		AIDS is the most severe form of the infection and at the present time has been uniformly fatal.
		It may be so mild as to be undetectable, and many individuals with HIV infection will be unable to remember any illness associated with their initial exposure.
		As the disease progresses, the individual may develop AIDS related complex (ARC), which consists of a number of signs and symptoms, such as fever, weight loss, diarrhea, malaise, lower than normal T-cell count, neurological symptoms, bacterial infections, and fungal infections.
	www.iaff.org /safe/content/infdis/How_does_it_progress_.htm (332 words)

	The Evidence That HIV Causes AIDS, NIAID Fact Sheet
		AIDS is the fifth leading cause of death among all adults aged 25 to 44 in the United States.
		Before the AIDS epidemic, the annual incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in the United States was only 0.2 to 0.6 cases per million population, and only 32 individuals with disseminated MAC disease had been described in the medical literature (Safai.
		In 1998, AIDS was the fifth leading cause of death among women aged 25 to 44 in the United States, and the third leading cause of death among African-American women in that age group.
	www.niaid.nih.gov /factsheets/evidhiv.htm (6495 words)

	HIV and AIDS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diagnosis of AIDS can be made with a positive HIV test and a CD4 count of less than 200 cells per microliter of blood (individual cases may vary).
		During 2002, the cumulative number of AIDS cases reported to CDC is 886,000.
		Over 20 million have died since the first cases of AIDS were identified in 1981.
	www.supplementnews.org /HIV-AIDS (432 words)

	The role of initial AIDS-defining illness in survival following AIDS.
		METHODS: Survival was calculated for all adult and adolescent AIDS cases (N = 3204) in Australia diagnosed through 1 November 1991 and reported to the National AIDS Registry by 31 March 1994.
		The Cox regression method was used to identify independent predictors of survival.
		Furthermore, cases with multiple illnesses did not have a worse prognosis than cases with a single illness, provided all the illnesses were in the better prognosis category.
	www.aegis.com /aidsline/1995/sep/M9591244.html (445 words)

	AIDS
		AIDS is the advanced form of infection with the HIV virus, which may not cause recognizable disease for a long period after the initial exposure (latency).
		At present, all forms of AIDS therapy are focused on improving the quality and length of life for AIDS patients by slowing or halting the replication of the virus and treating or preventing infections and cancers that take advantage of a person's weakened immune system.
		AIDS dementia complex is marked by loss of reasoning ability, loss of memory, inability to concentrate, apathy and loss of initiative, and unsteadiness or weakness in walking.
	www.healthatoz.com /healthatoz/Atoz/ency/aids.jsp (4310 words)

	The Body: Impact of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy on Individual AIDS-Defining Illness Incidence and Survival in ...
		AIDS cases in which HIV diagnosis was within three months of AIDS diagnosis were designated "late" HIV diagnoses (LDACs), whereas cases where HIV diagnosis was more than three months before AIDS were considered "early" HIV diagnoses (EDACs).
		Despite an overall decline in AIDS cases, from 949 in 1994 to 217 by 2000, the number of LDACs was relatively stable during 1993-2000, resulting in an increasing proportion of LDACs from 15.7 percent in 1993 to 1995, to 30.1 percent in 1996 to 2000.
		Although notification rates of all ADIs except tuberculosis (TB) declined from 1993-1995 to 1996-2000, the proportion increased for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP)(25.9 to 30.4 percent), AIDS dementia complex (ADC)(5.2 to 6.8 percent), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL)(4.4 to 6.3 percent), and TB (.5 to 2.7 percent).
	www.thebody.com /cdc/news_updates_archive/jun11_02/haart_australia.html (865 words)

	Rethinking AIDS FAQ's: Do Animals Get AIDS?
		The study first violated basic principles of science by using no control group, that is, there was no comparison group of monkeys injected with cell cultures not containing SIV and kept in similar circumstances (caged in laboratories) as the primates that received injections of SIV.
		The study claimed that three of the animals injected with SIV came down with AIDS, when in fact one was put to sleep after becoming anemic-anemia is not an AIDS defining illness-and the other two had "low" T cell counts but no clinical symptoms of AIDS.
		Since the study did not include a comparison groups of monkeys injected with cell cultures no containing SIV and kept in isolation, and uninjected monkey kept in isolation, it is unscientific to assume that the low T cell counts observed in injected monkeys are caused by SIV.
	www.aliveandwell.org /html/rethinking/rethinkfaqanimalaids.html (669 words)

	HIV and Her
		AIDS pneumonia) is an infection of the lungs that is caused by an organism known as Pneumocystis carinii.
		A recent study in London of KS in bisexual and homosexual men with AIDS indicated that men who came into contact with each other's feces (via anal sex) were more at risk for KS.
		AIDS dementia complex: This occurs in 30 to 50 percent of HIV-positive people and is seen in the late stages of AIDS.
	www.webmd.com /content/Article/85/98749.htm?pagenumber=3 (2473 words)

	Aspergillosis in AIDS
		Aspergillosis was included as an AIDS-defining opportunistic infection in the initial case definition of AIDS developed by the Centers for Disease Control in 1982 (CDC 1982, Jaffe and Selik, 1984).
		Among 972 AIDS patients followed at one center, 45 had Aspergillus recovered from the respiratory tract (sputum 31, bronchoscopy 14); 5 (11 %) were documented to have invasive aspergillosis, and the other 40 (89 %) were considered to be colonized (Pursell 1992).
		In contrast, Aspergillus recovered from the respiratory tract in a pediatric HIV population was highly predictive of invasive disease (Shetty et al., 1997).
	www.aspergillus.man.ac.uk /secure/articles/asper-aids.html (4783 words)

	Aidsmap \| HAART reduces risk of death or new AIDS in HIV patients with TB
		New AIDS-defining illnesses were diagnosed in a total of 22 pre-HAART patients and 20 patients in the post-1996 group.
		The risk of new a new AIDS event or death was significantly higher for patients diagnosed with TB in the pre-HAART period (p = 0.023), and the cumulative one year risk of an AIDS-defining event in the pre-HAART patients was 40% compared to 34% for the post-1996 patients.
		In further analysis, the investigators noted that the risk of a new AIDS-defining illness or death was particularly high during the first two months of TB treatment.
	www.aidsmap.com /en/news/6F731C18-27FF-45A5-9F5E-0DA7CDFB8322.asp (1218 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Diagnosis in women is often delayed and the illness may be severe by the time it is detected.
		MAC is a complex of mycobacterial organisms that produces wasting, fever, diarrhea, fatigue, anemia, and diseases of the bone marrow, liver, lung, adrenal glands, and gut.
		A recent study of KS in bisexual or homosexual men with AIDS in London identified sexual practices in which there was contact with partner's feces as a risk for KS.[13] The epidemiology of KS in women is filled with conflicting reports, but one thing is clear: women develop KS far less frequently than men.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/healthnet/HIV/docs/sea-aids/gend/gend22.txt (2607 words)

	Long-term Aids Survival Still Poor
		Average survival time after AIDS diagnosis is 20 months, and only 1 in 15 patients is alive five years after diagnosis of full-blown AIDS.
		The three-month survival figures appear to be dependent on the nature of the illness that leads to AIDS diagnosis.
		But the long-term outlook for AIDS patients is poor, according to the British researchers.
	www.personalmd.com /news/a1997020703.shtml (319 words)

	Hepatitis C and Progression of HIV Disease
		The Swiss Cohort Study found HCV increased the risk of developing AIDS and death in HIV coinfected patients, and the average follow-up of patients was also only 28 months.
		Similarly, no difference was detected in the risk of progression to an AIDS-defining illness among HCV-infected patients compared with HCV-uninfected patients in the subgroup of 1199 patients who ultimately received HAART (RH, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.88-1.34) and in the subgroup of 250 patients with well-controlled HIV replication (RH, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.29-1.13).
		In the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study,33 there were 41 deaths in 2888 men (14.2%) between July 1995 and July 1997, a time in which HAART was available to participants.
	www.natap.org /2002/september/090602_3.htm (2633 words)

	Survival after diagnosis of AIDS: a prospective observational study of 2625 patients -- Mocroft et al. 314 (7078): 409 ...
		Improved survival from diagnosis of AIDS in adult cases in the United Kingdom and bias due to reporting delays.
		Changes in the spectrum of AIDS defining conditions and decrease in CD4 lymphocyte counts at AIDS manifestation in Germany from 1986-1991.
		Trends in the incidence of outcomes defining acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the multicentre AIDS cohort study: 1985-1991.
	bmj.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/314/7078/409 (3615 words)

	Acquired Iatrogenic Death Syndrome (AIDS)
		Thus, PCP was from the beginning synonymous with AIDS, even without the ‘S’ (for Syndrome, of another 28 diseases) and without the ‘ID’ (for immune-deficiency, interpreted from decrease in CD4 lymphocytes in the bloodstream), and without the ‘A’ (for Acquired "HIV infection").
		Surprisingly, until the appearance of AIDS in 1981 there were no reports in the medical or pharmaceutical press about the damaging effects of co-trimoxazole use amongst homosexuals, although the "side effects" in this group should have stood out like a sore thumb, because of the high dosages and duration of treatment.
		For example, the annual incidence in Germany of AIDS in the population as a whole is just 0.002%, and amongst homosexuals 0.1%.
	www.garynull.com /Documents/Continuum/AcquiredIatrogenicDeathSyndrome.htm (4696 words)

	AEGiS-11CROI: Hemoglobin as a Prognostic Factor for AIDS-defining Illness and Survival with the Use of HAART
		Using negative binomial regression, we assessed the incidence rate ratio (IRR) of AIDS-defining illness and death for each Hg-CD4-CD4%-HIV-1 RNA value over a maximum of 6 months or until the next set of values was obtained.
		The IRR for developing an AIDS-defining illness by Hg was 8.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.52, 13.3) events/100 person-years for < 10 g/dL, 7.31 (95% CI: 4.52, 11.7) for 10 to 11 g/dL, and 3.93 (95% CI: 2.44, 6.35) for 11 to 12 g/dL, compared with the reference group of >12 g/dL.
		The Hg level was associated independently with a higher IRR for death and AIDS-defining illness when the CD4 was concurrently <50, 50 to 200, or >200 cells and for AIDS-defining illness when the CD4 was concurrently <50 and 50 to 200 cells.
	www.aegis.com /conferences/CROI/2004/561.html (459 words)

	DG DISPATCH - CROI: Early Antiretroviral Therapy Helps High CD4 Patients Reduce AIDS-Defining Illness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Results of their study found that patients treated when their CD4-positive cell counts exceeded 350 had lower incidences of death and progression towards AIDS than in patients whose treatment was delayed.
		Sixteen patients in the untreated group developed an AIDS-defining illness, compared to three patients in the treated group; 19 people in the untreated cohort died during the trial period, compared with five people in the treated group.
		However, because the incidence of events was low -- 4.3 percent for AIDS, 5.3 percent for death -- clinicians and patients must weigh the risk of progression to AIDS against the burden of therapy, Dr. Opravil said.
	www.docguide.com /dg.nsf/PrintPrint/57EA2F122DACEA64852569ED006D7CA3 (454 words)

	RedOrbit - Health - Early AIDS in Children Impairs Cognition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		NEW YORK -- Early diagnosis of an AIDS-defining illness in children who acquired HIV infection from their mothers is associated with impaired cognitive development, investigators with the Women and Infants Transmission Study Group report in the medical journal Pediatrics.
		Children with a diagnosis of AIDS "scored significantly lower in all domains of cognitive development, across all time points" than those with HIV infection but without AIDS, or children exposed to but not infected with HIV, the investigators report.
		The researcher speculates that children who develop AIDS very early in life "may have been infected with the virus during earlier periods of their mother's pregnancy, rather than later, during the birthing process," Smith speculated.
	www.redorbit.com /news/health/437658/early_aids_in_children_impairs_cognition/index.html (248 words)

	HIV Infection and AIDS
		AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) is a condition caused by advanced HIV infection.
		While counseling services, nutritional and financial assistance programs, and support groups can help people living with AIDS to address some of the psychosocial and economic problems related to the disease, the demand for these services is still much greater than the current supply.
		To combat this stigma and the disease, it is important to be aware of the ways in which HIV is not transmitted from one person to another.
	www.engenderhealth.org /wh/inf/dhiv.html (2810 words)

	1996 April 9, Sci.med.aids mailing list - Interesting study of patients presenting for treatment when they were HIV ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Interesting study of patients presenting for treatment when they were HIV positive and asymptomatic (group A) compared to those who presented at the time of their first AIDS defining illness and were therefore symptomatic (group B).
		In group A it was the wasting syndrome, cryptosporidiosis, and cytomegalovirus infection, while in group B it was extrapulmonary tuberculosis and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.
		The finding that presentation with an AIDS defining illness coincident with a positive result in an HIV test did not have a detrimental effect on survival gives insights into the effects of medical intervention on disease progression after a diagnosis of AIDS.
	www.hsph.harvard.edu /Organizations/healthnet/HIV/docs/scimed/SciMed00104.html (472 words)

	The HIV Wasting Syndrome - AIDS Clinical Care
		Grunfeld C and Feingold K. The role of cytokines, interferon alpha and tumor necrosis factor in the hypertriglyceridemia and wasting of AIDS.
		Beal J and Olson R. Effect of dronabinol on appetite and weight in AIDS: long-term follow-up.
		Megestrol acetate in patients with AIDS and cachexia.
	aids-clinical-care.jwatch.org /cgi/content/full/1996/1101/1 (2434 words)

	HIV Report Sept 2002 - ART: When to Start and What to Start With (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Adherence was defined as an adherence score of at least 90%.
		Adherent patients were defined as those who received at least 75% of their medications; physicians were considered experienced if they had previously treated at least five HIV infected patients.
		However, the time to failure (defined as either 2 consecutive viral loads >400 c/mL or a change in regimen) was delayed in the EFV group (p=0.001).
	www.hopkins-aids.edu /publications/report/sept02_1.html (3003 words)

	Incidence of AIDS-defining illness declines with highly active antiretroviral therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		During the latter time period, when HAART use was more prevalent, there were significant decreases from the first time period in the incidence of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (35%), Kaposi's sarcoma (34%), cryptosporidiosis (60%), and oesophageal candidiasis (29%), the authors report.
		Nonsignificant increases were also observed in the incidence of tuberculosis (17%) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (51%), with tuberculosis rates increasing in the general population during the same interval.
		For the AIDS-defining illnesses showing a decline during the period, there was a stepwise reduction in incidence from no antiretroviral therapy to non-HAART and HAART regimens, the investigators say.
	www.aidsmeds.com /news/20010622epid001.html (378 words)

	Hepatitis C Virus Infection in HIV Type 1-Infected Individuals Does Not Accelerate a Decrease in the CD4+ Cell Count ...
		Some studies before the advent of HAART suggested that data on survival duration and time to progression to AIDS for patients with HIV-1-HCV coinfection were the same as those for patients with HIV-1 infection alone [14-16], whereas other studies suggested that coinfection had adverse effects [11, 17].
		We defined HAART as therapy consisting of at least 3 antiretroviral drugs, in accordance with published guidelines (dual nucleoside analogues alone are not considered to be HAART).
		However, in other cohorts, the interval between the time of HIV-1 infection diagnosis and the onset of AIDS has been shown to be similar between HIV-1-infected patients and patients with HIV-1-HCV coinfection, supporting the lack of a direct effect of HCV infection on HIV-1 immune progression, as measured by CD4+ cell count [39].
	www.natap.org /2005/HCV/091405_09.htm (1583 words)

	HIV AIDS Special FOCUS
		While the incidence of KS as an AIDS-defining illness appears to be declining in recent years (4), the disease is now more commonly diagnosed in patients with more severe underlying immunosuppression, and history of prior AIDS-defining illnesses.
		Further data which indicates that HHV-8 may be etiologic in the pathogenesis of KS comes from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), which recently reported that of 40 homosexual/bisexual men who developed KS in time, 80% were seropositive to HHV-8 prior to the development of KS.
		Thus, lymphoma serves as the initial AIDS-defining illness in approximately 3-4% of HIV infected patients, but is the cause of death in approximately 16-20% (26).
	www.hivpositive.com /f-Topics/f-RetroviralConf/malignancies.html (4401 words)

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