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	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News
		API gravity is thus a measure of the relative density of a petroleum liquid and the density of water, but it is used to compare the relative densities of petroleum liquids.
		API gravity is graduated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument and was designed so that most values would fall between 10 and 70 API gravity degrees.
		It is 'upgraded' to an API gravity of 31 Â°API to 33 Â°API and the upgraded oil is known as synthetic crude.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=API_gravity (552 words)

	API_gravity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		API Gravity is a measure of specific gravity developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids.
		API gravity is gradated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument and was designed so that most values would fall between 10 and 70 API gravity degrees.
		It is 'upgraded' to an API gravity of 31° to 33° and the upgraded oil is known as synthetic oil.
	www.yournursery.com /search.php?title=API_gravity (283 words)

	RIGZONE - What is Heavy Oil and How is it Formed?
		API gravity with a viscosity of 100 cp (centipoise).
		The American Petroleum Institute's "API gravity" is a standard to express the specific weight of oils, computed as (141.5/sp g) — 131.5, where sp is the specific gravity of the oil at 60 degrees Fahrenheit.
		Asphaltic, dense (low API gravity), and viscous oil that is chemically characterized by its content of asphaltenes (very large molecules incorporating most of the sulfur and perhaps 90% of the metals in the oil).
	www.rigzone.com /analysis/heavyoil/insight.asp?i_id=184 (543 words)

	Comments on Crude Oil Gravity Adjustments - LA DNR - Technology Assessment Division
		The API gravity of a particualr crude is merely a measure of its specific API gravity of a particular crude is merely a measure of its specific gravity, or density.
		For crudes that have undergone detailed physical and chemical property analysis, the API gravity can be used as a rough index of the quality of the crudes of similar compostion as they naturally occur (that is, without adulteration, mixing, blending, etc.).
		Though the heavy stock and the light stock could be mixed to produce a blend with the same API gravity as the medium stock, the composition of the blend would be far different from the medium stock, as the figure indicates.
	dnr.louisiana.gov /sec/execdiv/techasmt/oil_gas/crude_oil_gravity/comments_1989.htm (808 words)

	StockHouse.ca : StockHouse BullBoards \| 39 degree API oil" means
		API Gravity is a measure of specific gravity developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids.
		API gravity is gradated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument and was designed so that most values would fall between 10 and 70 API gravity degrees.
		It is 'upgraded' to an API gravity of 31 °API to 33 °API and the upgraded oil is known as synthetic oil.
	www.stockhouse.ca /bullboards/viewmessage.asp?stat_num=10171618&all=0&t=0&archived=Archive_Sec&link_symbol=AEN&link_table=list&navmode=1&navd=rev (380 words)

	USGS Fact Sheet 70-03: Heavy Oil and Natural Bitumen--Strategic Petroleum Resources
		Heavy oil is an asphaltic, dense (low API gravity), and viscous oil that is chemically characterized by its content of asphaltenes (very large molecules incorporating most of the sulfur and perhaps 90 percent of the metals in the oil).
		API gravity is computed as (141.5/sp g) - 131.5, where sp g is the specific gravity of the oil at 60°F. Geographic Distribution
		Less than 10 percent of the heavy oil produced annually is extra-heavy oil (API gravity of 10° or less), whereas 33 percent of the technically recoverable heavy oil has an API gravity of 10° or less.
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/fs070-03/fs070-03.html (1608 words)

	Situ determination of hydrocarbon characteristics including oil api gravity - Patent 4914944
		Thus, the quality of oil in the reservoir may be measured by the API gravity which is a function of the vanadium in the oil.
		Because vanadium is found not only in oil, but in shales, it is impossible to determine the API gravity of the oil in situ without first determining the vanadium content of the shales.
		The API gravity is then easily derived at 140 according to the well-known equation 5 above, where C and A are constants known for different oil reservoirs.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4914944.html (9543 words)

	Oil Analysis and Lubrication Dictionary
		In conjunction with API gravity, the aniline point may be used to calculate the net heat of combustion for aviation fuels.
		The unit of kinematic viscosity is the stoke or centistoke (1/100 of a stoke).
		Three common types of oilers are: drop-feed, wick-feed, and bottle-feed; all depend on gravity to induce a metered flow of oil to the bearing.
	www.noria.com /dictionary/default.asp?definitionsearch=Gravity&Submit=Search (488 words)

	Engineering Data-Preferred Utilities
		To convert gross gallons at the loading and unloading temperature to net gallons at 60 F, the temperature, the API Gravity of the oil and the coefficient of expansion factor must be known.
		Included in these Standards are Table 5B (Correction of Observed API Gravity to API Gravity at 60 F) and Table 6B (Correction of Volume to 60 F against API Gravity at 60 F).
		Table 5B is used to correct the observed gravity and temperature to gravity at 60 F. Table 6B is used to obtain the coefficient of expansion factor from the observed gravity and temperature and is used to convert gross to net gallons.
	www.preferredutilities.com /engineering_data.html (1213 words)

	No trouble removing oil from water
		The Extended Gravity Oil Water Separation (EGOWS) concept is an improvement on the industry-standard American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity separator that has been widely used for the last 60 years.
		The API separator, originally designed for oil refineries, is not designed to reduce the oil content of water below about 100 parts per million and is not suitable for releasing water directly to the environment.
		API separators and other separators that operate full of water, release equal quantities of water as soon as there is an episodic inflow of oily water, creating the risk that oil droplets can escape into the separator outlet.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-08/ra-ntr080305.php (676 words)

	OilTracers L.L.C. - Using Oil Geochemistry to Predict Oil Quality
		Using solvent (in place of centrifugation) to extract oil from core will cause the extract to be of limited use for gravity and viscosity measurements, since it is not possible to remove all the solvent from the extract without also losing much of the light ends of the oil.
		A cross-plot of those geochemical data against measured viscosity or gravity then yields a transform that can be used to convert geochemical data from core extracts into values of viscosity or gravity.
		The oil gravity variations in their study were due to differences in oil maturity.
	www.oiltracers.com /oilgas.html (0 words)

	Air Beat Magazine - Are You Complying With Fuel Regulations
		API gravity must be from 37 through 51 degrees, corrected to 60 degrees F. The API gravity read on your hydrometer should match the reading recorded on the fuel delivery manifest.
		Typically, API gravity changes are due to contamination with small amounts of gasoline or diesel somewhere in the delivery chain (tank farm, terminal, delivery vehicle, etc.).
		API RP2003 recommends a minimum 30-second relaxation period for the fuel downstream of the filter to allow the dissipation of the charge before introducing the fuel into a refueler tank truck.
	www.alea.org /public/airbeat/back_issues/jul_aug_2003/Fuel_Regulations.htm (1367 words)

	Oil Analysis and Lubrication Dictionary
		In conjunction with API gravity, the aniline point may be used to calculate the net heat of combustion for aviation fuels.
		The unit of kinematic viscosity is the stoke or centistoke (1/100 of a stoke).
		Three common types of oilers are: drop-feed, wick-feed, and bottle-feed; all depend on gravity to induce a metered flow of oil to the bearing.
	www.oilanalysis.com /dictionary/default.asp?definitionsearch=Gravity&Submit=Search (488 words)

	Chevron History - Photo Gallery (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Relative density (RD) — also called specific gravity — is the ratio of the density of the material at a selected temperature to the density of a reference material at a selected temperature.
		RD (60/60°F) While API gravity measurements may be made on liquids at temperatures other than 60°F (15.6°C), the result is always converted to the value at 60°F (15.6°C), the standard temperature.
		As the above formula indicates, API gravity is inversely proportional to relative density: API gravity increases as relative density decreases.
	www.chevron.com /products/prodserv/fuels/bulletin/motorgas/gallery.asp?img=54 (191 words)

	Glossary of Petroleum Industry Common Terms
		Crude oil with a high specific gravity and a low API gravity due to the presence of a high proportion of heavy hydrocarbon fractions and metallic content.
		The ratio of the absolute viscosity of a liquid to its specific gravity at the temperature at which the viscosity is measured.
		Crude oil with a low specific gravity and high API gravity due to the presence of a high proportion of light hydrocarbon fractions and low metallic compound.
	www.alken-murray.com /fuel-glossary.htm (3789 words)

	Oil and Natural Gas Price Data - GASearch Energy Intelligence (Site not responding. Last check: )
		California crude oil with API gravity of 13.4 degrees and a sulfur content of 1.1%.
		Crude oil from Norway with API gravity of 60 and 0.02% sulfur.
		The relative viscosity of crude oil is determined by its API gravity.
	www.gasearch.com /terminology.php?alpha=S (1879 words)

	Financial Sense "All Hat, No Cattle" by Elliot Gue 03/30/2007
		According to the standard scientific definition, the specific gravity of water is 1; if a substance has a specific gravity less than 1, it's less dense than water and will float.
		(API stands for American Petroleum Institute.) API gravity moves opposite to standard specific gravity; in other words, the higher the API gravity, the "lighter" or less dense the crude oil.
		Crude oils with an API gravity of less than 21.5 degrees are, as you may have already guessed, called heavy crude oils.
	financialsense.com /editorials/gue/2007/0330.html (1774 words)

	:Digression on Diesel Fuel Properties-Cont----->>:
		The specific gravity is defined as the ratio of the mass of a volume of the fuel to the mass of the same volume of water.
		The API gravity is a widely used measure of a fuel's density.
		Viscosity is a measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow.
	www3.me.iastate.edu /biodiesel/Pages/biodiesel18.html (408 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'API gravity'
		A specific gravity scale developed by the American Petroleum Institute (API) for measuring the relative density of various petroleum liquids, expressed in degrees.
		API gravity is gradated in degrees on a hydrometer instrument and was designed so that most values would fall between 10° and 70° API gravity.
		The arbitrary formula used to obtain this effect is: API gravity = (141.5/SG at 60°F) - 131.5, where SG is the specific gravity of the fluid.
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=API%20gravity (87 words)

	ASTM D287-92(2006) Standard Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
		1.1 This test method covers the determination by means of a glass hydrometer of the API gravity of crude petroleum and petroleum products normally handled as liquids and having a Reid vapor pressure (Test Method D 323) of 26 psi (180 kPa) or less.
		Gravities are determined at 60ˌF (15.56°C), or converted to values at 60F, by means of standard tables.
		API gravity; crude petroleum; hydrometer; thermohydrometer; thermometer; ICS Number Code 75.080
	www.astm.org /DATABASE.CART/REDLINE_PAGES/D287.htm (275 words)

	API Gravity and Sulfur Content Effects
		A study on the affect of sulfur and a change in the API gravity on the Phase Dynamics' water-cut system is outlined below.
		The gravity varied from API 22 to API 40 and the sulfur from 0.343 to 2.17%.
		For example; A single point calibration was performed and gave a 0.25% water-cut and a API gravity of 30.
	www.phasedynamics.com /Api.htm (385 words)

	PetengCalculators - api01-A
		The calculator accepts as input the observed API and observed temperature, and output the API gravity at 60°F. This corrected API gravity along with observed temperature are then feed into the volume correction routine to obtain the Correction factor.
		Rajan V.S.V.; Discussion of new method to read and correct the API gravity of oil from observed temperatures to 60°F; paper SPE-28944, J. Petroleum Tech., 1994.
		Keaves S.V.; New method to read and correct the API gravity of oil from observed temperatures to 60°F; J. Petroleum Tech., Jan. 1994, p.
	www.peteng.com /jmm/api01.html (0 words)

	Tuning Your Pontiac For Gasoline Density And Performance - High Performance Pontiac Magazine
		For example, the density of water is 0.9990 gram per cubic centimeter at 60 degrees F. Relative density (RD), also called specific gravity, is the ratio of the density of the subject gasoline at a selected temperature to the density of a reference material at a selected temperature.
		While API gravity measurements may be made on liquids at temperatures other than 60 degrees F, the result is always converted to the value at 60 degrees F, the standard temperature.
		API gravity is inversely proportional to relative density.
	www.highperformancepontiac.com /tech/hppp_0610_pontiac_gasoline_density (951 words)

	SemGroup - Site Map (Site not responding. Last check: )
		API Gravity - Gravity (weight per unit volume) of oil as measured by the API scale.
		Light Crude - Crude oil with a low specific gravity and high API gravity due to high proportion of light hydrocarbon fractions.
		Specific Gravity - The ratio of the density of a substance at 60 degrees Fahrenheit to the density of water at the same temperature.
	www.semgrouplp.com /Glossary.asp (5616 words)

	DEFINITIONS - Oil Measurement
		API - The American Petroleum Institute, founded in 1919, was the first oil trade association to include all branches of the petroleum industry.
		API Gravity (Relative Density) - A means used by the petroleum industry to express the density of petroleum liquids.
		API gravity is measured by a hydrometer instrument having a scale graduated in degrees API.
	www.enercongroup.com /Definitions-Measurement.htm (3488 words)

	Oilfield encyclopedia index glossary
		API is the governing authority on oil industry standards and practices.
		API Gravity is the industry standard for expressing the specific gravity of crude oils.
		A high API gravity means lower specific gravity and lighter oils.
	www.anson.co.uk /oilfield_glossary.html (5958 words)

	Ana Laboratories - Oil Analysis - Fuel Tests
		API Gravity is the measure of a diesel fuel's density, or weight per volume.
		API Gravity provides valuable information about a fuel's composition and performance characteristics, including power economy, low temperature properties and smoking tendencies.
		Specific Gravity can be determined using a hydrometer, a graduated float weighted at one end that provides a direct reading of specific gravity depending on the depth to which it sinks in the liquid.
	www.analaboratories.com /commonrootie/fueltests.asp (552 words)

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