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Topic: ARP spoofing

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	ARP Vulnerabilities: The Complete Documentation
		ARP may be one of the most used, but least respected protocol allowing two devices to establish communications with each other across a network.
		ARP spoofing is a method of exploiting the interaction of IP and Ethernet protocols.
		ARP cache poisoning is the malicious act, of a host in a LAN, of introducing a spurious IP address to Medium Access Control (MAC) address mapping in another host's ARP cache.
	www.l0t3k.org /security/docs/arp (1106 words)

	ARP and ICMP redirection games
		While other means of spoofing, such as IP blind spoofing, are more general and powerful, in terms of who can use them, they require quite a lot of (guess)work and may be hard to implement.
		While ARP spoofing is only possible on a local network, it may be a serious concern as a way to extend an already existing security breach.
		If it works (I'm not sure it always will, router's ARP implementation may be tougher to fool, and since I don't want to try it on real routers, I don't know, but there's no simple reason why not) you can easily impersonate any machine on the local network to the rest of the world.
	insecure.org /sploits/arp.games.html (2883 words)

	Hello World - Spoofing Techniques (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Spoofing is only a step in the whole process, while the attack indeed is trust relationship exploitation between hosts.
		Spoofing attack can also be suppressed by configuring routers in such a way that they filter the incoming packets and reject the ones that claim to be from a machine internal to the network.
		One can prevent ARP spoofing attacks by either stopping the usage of ARP for obtaining the hardware address of a trusted host or by keeping a permanent entry of the hardware address of the trusted host in the ARP caches of the trusting machines.
	www.cosc.brocku.ca /~cspress/HelloWorld/1999/03-mar/spoofing.html (1961 words)

	Why spoofing is the number one security problem on the Internet, and how we should fight it
		DNS spoofing: This spoofing method will convince the target machine that the machine that it wants to contact (for example www.somecompany.com) is the machine of the attacker, or in an other implementation that the name of the attacker machine is a name with elevated access rights.
		Spoofing is nothing new, spoofing measures are also nothing new, however the major growth of the Internet has resulted in a large amount of office network administrators, that never had to worry about spoofing moving to a internetwork administration.
		The use of spoofed ARP responses makes it possible for an attacker to disrupt the network, but more than that makes it possible for the attacker to implement a simple man-in-the middle attack, or in its simplest form to sniff a switched network that would otherwise be non-sniffable.
	www.xs4all.nl /~rmeijer/spoofing.html (2443 words)

	Spoofing the ARP Table of Remote Computers on a LAN - The Code Project - Internet & Network
		ARP spoofing, also called ARP Cache poisoning, is one of the hacking methods to spoof the contents of an ARP table on a remote computer on the LAN.
		What the ARP asks the target address for sending is called the ARP Request or ARP who has, and the ARP that responds to the request is called the ARP Request or ARP who has.
		As to the poisoning of the ARP cache against the remote computers, the MAC address of the gateway is changed to the attacker's MAC address.
	www.codeproject.com /internet/winarpspoof.asp (1565 words)

	Definicion de Spoofing
		Spoofing, en términos del mundo de la informatica hace referencia al uso de técnicas de suplantación de identidad generalmente con usos malware o de investigación.
		ARP SPOOFING: Es la suplantación de identidad por falsificación de tabla ARP.
		Se trata de la construcción de tramas de solicitud y respuesta ARP falseadas con el objetivo de falsear la tabla ARP de una víctima y forzarla a que envíe los paquetes a un host atacante en lugar de hacerlo a su destino legítimo.
	www.descargar-antivirus-gratis.com /spoofing.php (318 words)

	Configuring Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI)
		An ARP spoofing attack can target hosts, switches, and routers connected to your Layer 2 network by poisoning the ARP caches of systems connected to the subnet and by intercepting traffic intended for other hosts on the subnet.
		You can configure DAI to drop ARP packets when the IP addresses in the packets are invalid or when the MAC addresses in the body of the ARP packets do not match the addresses specified in the Ethernet header (see the "Enabling Additional Validation" section).
		The rate of incoming ARP packets on EtherChannel ports is equal to the sum of the incoming rate of packets from all the channel members.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat6000/122sx/swcg/dynarp.htm (4716 words)

	Virus.Org - Home
		ARP Spoofing is a technique that every security consultant will scare their clients with as a means to prove the point that nothing within the network is safe from eavesdropping.
		ARP spoofing, also known as ARP poisoning, is a technique used to attack an Ethernet network.
		Something that should be mentioned here from the outset; this is nothing new, ARP Spoofing is well known and understood in the security community, such an understanding has resulted in technologies being developed to combat the attack.
	www.virus.org (653 words)

	CodeGuru: Spoofing the ARP Table of Remote Computers on a LAN
		ARP spoofing, also called ARP Cache poisoning, is one of hacking methods used to spoof the contents of an ARP table on a remote computer on the LAN.
		What the ARP asks the target address for sending is called the ARP Request or ARP who has, and the ARP that responds to the request is called the ARP Request or ARP who has.
		As to the poisoning of the ARP cache against the remote computers, the MAC address of the gateway is changed to the attacker's MAC address.
	www.codeguru.com /Cpp/I-N/network/basicnetworkoperations/article.php/c6861 (1839 words)

	GRC \| ARP Cache Poisoning (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The ARP protocol is so simple — just asking who has the IP and replying "I have the IP" — that there is no provision for any sort of security or authentication of the replying computer.
		The implementation of the ARP protocol is so simple and straightforward that the receipt of an ARP reply at any time, even when there are no ARP requests outstanding, causes the receiving computer to add the newly received information to its ARP cache.
		ARP Reply spoofing for the purpose of ARP Cache Poisoning allows any computer on the local area network to obtain one of the most dangerous and powerful attack postures in network security: the so-called "Man In The Middle" (MITM).
	www.grc.com /nat/arp.htm (2558 words)

	Kernel ARP hijacking (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Due to the low level at which the code exists, our spoofed packet is guaranteed to arrive at the victim's network stack prior to the response of the machine we've impersonated.
		ARP Hijacking the Impersonated Enabling this function via arp_send_to_spoofed allows us to spoof the victim's information to the impersonated machine as well, helping to solidify the MiM attack.
		ARP Flooding Enabling this function via arp_flood causes the kernel to send a flood of random source and destination MAC addresses via a broken ARP frame.
	aversion.net /~north/karp (448 words)

	ARP spoofing
		The major issue found was that ARP spoofing attack revealed numerous pathways to finding information.
		However your pen-test team is really overstating the issue if they are telling you that arp spoofing is a major vulnerability in your network..
		Recommend you download a few arp spoofing tools -- such as ettercap, and see what their limitations are...
	www.firewall.cx /ftopict-1864.html (477 words)

	The Ingredients to ARP Poison
		To facilitate this transmission of data, ARP was designed to act as the intermediary between IP and MAC addresses.
		Typically, an Ethernet devices ARP table is updated when they request the MAC address of another device, or they need to communicate with another device.
		While stopping ARP attacks is impossible due to the inherent part it plays in data transfer, spoofed ARP requests are very easy to detect.
	www.governmentsecurity.org /articles/TheIngredientstoARPPoison.php (3101 words)

	What is ARP spoofing? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
		Because the ARP replies have been forged, the target computer sends frames that were meant for the original destination to the attacker’s computer first so the frames can be read.
		A discussion of ARP spoofing and its key elements.
		In order to understand how you can protect yourself from ARP spoofing-based attacks, you must understand some fundamentals about how systems on Ethernet-based networks communicate.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/A/ARP_spoofing.html (148 words)

	EtterCap ARP Spoofing and Beyond
		Ettercap heaviliy relies on ARP spoofing, and if this concept is new to you, you might want to read more about it (at www.mutsonline.com for example) before attempting this tutorial.
		Chose the Spoofed source and destination computers, as shown before, and start the spoofing process.
		Use broadcast ping to scan the LAN instead of ARP request all the subnet IPs.
	www.networknewz.com /networknewz-10-20030623EtterCapARPSpoofingandBeyond.html (1490 words)

	Going up the wireless stack (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Attackers can use a technique known as ARP spoofing to convince two machines that they are communicating with each other, when both are actually connected to a third computer under hostile control.
		The attacker sends an ARP reply to two stating that one's IP address maps to the attacker's MAC address, and another ARP reply to one also stating that two's IP address maps to the attacker's MAC address.
		Remember that ARP is a stateless protocol, so the two computers make the assumption that they had previously sent ARP requests and will update their ARP caches with this new, poisoned information.
	www-128.ibm.com /developerworks/wireless/library/wi-stack.html?open&l=803,t=r,p=arp (2042 words)

	EtterCap ARP Spoofing and Beyond
		Ettercap heaviliy relies on ARP spoofing, and if this concept is new to you, you might want to read more about it (at www.mutsonline.com for example) before attempting this tutorial.
		Now for the hectic part In order to start an ARP spoofing attack, we need to select a source and destination computer.
		Use broadcast ping to scan the LAN instead of ARP request all the subnet IPs.
	www.securitypronews.com /securitypronews-24-20030623EtterCapARPSpoofingandBeyond.html (1481 words)

	Guide to ARP Spoofing :: Hack In The Box :: Keeping Knowledge Free
		ARP spoofing is an effective way to intercept, sniff, hijack and DoS connections.
		ARP is very similar to DNS, except instead of converting host names to IP addresses, ARP converts IPs to MAC addresses.
		Here is the vulnerablility in the ARP protocol: to improve efficiency, most systems update their tables every time they get a response, even if they didn't ask for it.
	www.hackinthebox.org /modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=12868&mode=thread&order=0&thold=0 (1404 words)

	Arp Stuff (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Try spoofing all of them as some might not be active but still allowed to access the network throgh standard configuration on the nodes or gateway.
		So you could spoof a message from the dns server to the target basically telling it that a website is at X. You are X. Then you might get lucky and have that one spoofed message allow you access past the firewall because now your X ip is in the memory.
		As far as spoofing something else, it would have to be someting that the network already is configured to allow in.
	www.askapache.com /2006/security/arp-stuff.html (1443 words)

	[No title]
		It must be admitted, though, that gratuitous > ARP is not really defined as a part of ARP, so it's up to vendor to (not) > implement it, and it's becoming increasingly less popular.
		Basically, it "primes" the ARP cache on Linux with the IP and MAC addresses of known machines, setting a flag so that they are never removed from the cache and can never be changed.
		Also even with -arp any host that has not had the etheraddress set using arp -f or arp -s will be added to the arp cache.
	staff.washington.edu /dittrich/papers/arp_fun.txt (4348 words)

	Securiteam: [TOOL] Windows ARP Spoofer
		ARP spoofing, also called ARP Cache poisoning is one of the hacking
		ARP Request or ARP who has, and the ARP that responds to the request is
		ARP packets to receive packets but have been unable to locate...
	www.derkeiler.com /Mailing-Lists/Securiteam/2004-04/0096.html (825 words)

	ARP-SPOOFING
		Algunos switches pueden ser manipulados mediante paquetes ARP para que en vez de actuar en modo “bridging” lo hagan en modo “repetición”.
		Los paquetes ARP que se enviarán informarán de que la dirección MAC correspondiente a la IP del servidor principal es ahora la MAC del servidor de backup.
		Este envío debe de producirse de manera continua, mientras dure la caída del principal, evitando así que las cache arp se refresquen con la dirección MAC verdadera del servidor principal.
	umeet.uninet.edu /umeet2001/talk/4-12-2001/ismael.html (2019 words)

	Arp Spoofing Get Packets - GovernmentSecurity.org
		AT this moment i can get out packet in arp spoof but the most interesting is to get in packets.
		You need to set your system up to route the packets (forward them) this might be why you only get out packets, since they never reach their destination, they never come back with anything..
		and remember to be very careful on production network with arp spoofing and arp poissoning techniques, i know a few non-methodological pen-tester who lost there job after crashing the client network...
	www.governmentsecurity.org /forum/index.php?showtopic=7034 (412 words)

	kArp - Linux Kernel Level ARP Hijacking/Spoofing Utility »
		ARP Hijacking - Enabling ARP spoofing allows a user to spoof an ARP response to a specific victim host.
		ARP Hijacking the Impersonated - Enabling this function via arp_send_to_spoofed allows us to spoof the victim’s information to the impersonated machine as well, helping to solidify the MiM attack.
		ARP Flooding - Enabling this function via arp_flood causes the kernel to send a flood of random source and destination MAC addresses via a broken ARP frame.
	www.darknet.org.uk /2006/03/karp-linux-kernel-level-arp-hijackingspoofing-utility (521 words)

	InformIT: The Ingredients to ARP Poison > ARP Spoofing
		Typically, an Ethernet devices ARP table is updated when they request the MAC address of another device, or they need to communicate with another device.
		This is easy to duplicate by looking at a before and after shot of the ARP table of your computer, which we previously demonstrated.
		However, since this works less often than a hacker could hope for, the next step is to play with ARP entries and intercept data flowing between the target and another device (typically the gateway).
	www.informit.com /articles/article.aspx?p=29750&seqNum=3&rl=1 (2272 words)

	Index Buchstabe A :: netzikon :: Netzwerklexikon
		Das Protokoll ARP stellt die Verbindung zwischen Hardwareadressen (z.B. Ethernet) und Protokolladr...
		ARP Poisoning ist eine Technik für Man in the Middle Attacken in geswitchten Netzwerken.
		ARP Spoofing ist ein anderer Ausdruck für ARP Poisoning.
	www.netzikon.net /lexikon/a (791 words)

	Security-Portal.cz :: článek :: ARP Spoofing
		ARP posila dotazy, ktere se v podstate ptaj: "Vase IP je x.x.x.x?Ano?Vyborne.Poslete mi pak vasi MAC." ARP pakety jsou vyslany vsem pocitacum v broadcast domene.
		Kazdej pocitac segmetu tak analyzuje prichozi ARP dotazy a odpovida v pripade shody IP adres.
		Ale pomoci ARP imitace lze prece jen neco poladit v prepinanych sitich...
	www.security-portal.cz /clanky/arp-spoofing.html (692 words)

	[No title]
		The first monitors ARP requests, and after enabling IP forwarding on the local host, sends ARP replies mapping all IPs to the local MAC address.
		Note that in order for the man-in-the-middle ARP method to work, IP forwarding must be enabled on the local host.
		Moreover, in order for the man-in-the-middle ARP method to work, IP forwarding must be enabled on the local host.
	angst.sourceforge.net /angst.8.html (479 words)

	SecuriTeam™ - Windows ARP Spoofer
		ARP spoofing, also called ARP Cache poisoning is one of the hacking methods to spoof the contents of an ARP table on a remote computer on the LAN.
		A MAC address is used on a local area network before packets go out of the gateway; an IP address is used to surf the Internet through a gateway.
		Although wrong information is inserted into ARP, the computer believes that the information of the ARP is valid and saves the information in own ARP table for a while.
	www.securiteam.com /tools/5CP0P1FCKQ.html (584 words)

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