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Topic: ASCI Red

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Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative

IBM ASCI Blue Pacific

ASCI Blue Pacific

IBM ASCI White

ASCI Purple

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

ASCI White

	Sandia's ASCI Red is Decommissioned
		Encircled top and bottom by two strings of small simulated pearls and topped by pink flowers and a silver ribbon, it resembled a hat that could be worn by a very elderly lady, and indeed, ASCI Red was very old by supercomputer standards.
		ASCI Red was a critical part of NNSA's Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program.
		ASCI Red first broke the teraflops barrier in December, 1996 and topped the Linpack Top500 computer speed ratings seven consecutive times from June 1997 to June 2000.
	www.hpcwire.com /hpc/710660.html (828 words)

	Sandia's ASCI red, world's first teraflop supercomputer, is decommissioned
		Encircled top and bottom by two strings of small simulated pearls and topped by pink flowers and a silver ribbon, it resembled a hat that could be worn by a very elderly lady, and indeed, ASCI Red was very old by supercomputer standards.
		ASCI Red was a critical part of NNSA's Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program.
		ASCI Red first broke the teraflops barrier in December, 1996 and topped the world-recognized LINPAC top-500 computer speed ratings seven consecutive times from June 1997 to June 2000.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-06/dnl-sar062906.php (938 words)

	ASCI Debugging Requiremtents White Paper
		The ASCI program requires that leading edge nuclear physics modeling applications development time be reduced from the historical precident of five years from first line written to full production status to something much less (around three years).
		Due to the fact that ASCI is bringing in new platforms on the order of once or twice a year also indicate that special steps must be taken to assure the ease of porting codes between successive generations of platforms.
		ASCI compute platforms are planned to scale to the 10-20 thousand processor range in a clustered SMP architecture.
	www.lanl.gov /projects/asci/PSE/ASCIdebug.html (3140 words)

	Blue2000 - DOE's ASCI Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		ASCI is an essential element of the Department of Energy's Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP), which was established to build on existing capabilities while developing new means of assessing the performance of nuclear weapon systems, predicting their safety and reliability, and certifying their functionality.
		ASCI is a mission-driven large-scale computing and simulation effort to deliver a set of advanced capabilities within a constrained time period.
		ASCI is developing a computational infrastructure to allow applications to be developed and execute efficiently on the ASCI computing systems and allow accessibility through the high performance, information-rich supercorridors.
	www.nitrd.gov /pubs/bluebooks/2000/asci.html (1012 words)

	Distribution of ASCI-Red Work (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The US Department of Energy (DOE) started an Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI), and the Intel supercomputer at Sandia is the first completed supercomputer for this program, and also the world's first general purpose supercomputer capable of doing more than a trillion floating point calculations a second.
		ASCI RED at Sandia contains application information on running on this wonderful machine.
		ASCI Red UltraComputer contains PR from Sandia's point of view on this "ultracomputer".
	www.cs.utk.edu /~ghenry/distrib (861 words)

	Sci-Tech Today \| IBM Unleashes World's Fastest Supercomputer
		ASCI White is powered by 8,192 IBM Power3 microprocessors capable of 12.3 trillion calculations per second, say laboratory officials.
		ASCI White, costing the federal government US$110 million, is the latest supercomputer to be funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE).
		ASCI Red is housed at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
	www.sci-tech-today.com /perl/story/12816.html (674 words)

	© AMDboard.com - Sandia and Cray Finalize 90M$ Contract
		ASCI Red was the first supercomputer delivered under the ASCI program.
		William Reed, Acting Director of ASCI, considers Red Storm a crucial initiative in developing and deploying scalable, cost-effective supercomputers to meet the demanding simulation needs of nuclear weapons stockpile stewardship.
		Sandia's design was strongly influenced by the successes of the Cray T3E and ASCI Red MPP supercomputers.
	www.amdboard.com /hn10210201.html (788 words)

	ASCI Red \| TOP500 Supercomputing Sites
		ASCI Red or ASCI Option Red, is a supercomputer installed at Sandia National Laboratories, located in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
		On June 29, 2006, Sandia National Laboratories announced that ASCI Red is decommissioned.
		ASCI Red was retired from service in September, 2005 at the conclusion of government fiscal year 2005.
	www.top500.org /system/4428 (530 words)

	Forbes.com - Magazine Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		That system, called ASCI White, may be the first to perform at a speed of ten teraflops, or ten trillion floating point operations per second.
		ASCI Blue was first installed at the lab in Livermore, Calif., two years ago, but it took until now to get it up to its designed speed of nearly four teraflops.
		Because the ASCI project is funded by U.S. Energy Department, ASCI Blue's main job is to simulate the aging process in the U.S. nuclear arsenal--to determine whether bombs made years ago would still work, and how time may have affected them.
	www.forbes.com /1999/10/28/mu7_print.html (654 words)

	First Teraflop Class Supercomputer Decommissioned After 10 Years Service
		Although young in age, the historic supercomputer -- based at the Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, N.M., and known as ASCI Red -- is very old by supercomputer standards.
		Sandia Vice President Rick Stulen eulogized this week: "ASCI Red broke all records and most importantly ushered the world into the teraflop regime.
		Sandia officials said ASCI Red was "almost mystical in scalability," and that there is "a sense of sadness and also of satisfaction (in) the passing of such a great machine."
	www.spacemart.com /reports/First_Teraflop_Class_Supercomputer_Decommissioned_After_10_Years_Service_999.html (558 words)

	Pentium Pro Inside: I. A Treecode at 430 Gigaflops on ASCI Red, II. Price/Performance of $50/Mflop on Loki and Hyglac (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		We are at a unique point in the history of supercomputing, where the fastest computer in the world (the Intel Teraflops system at Sandia National Laboratory, ASCI Red) utilizes exactly the same processor as is found inside millions of desktop machines.
		We can compare Loki to the results obtained on 16 nodes of the ASCI Red system (Janus, which incidentally is binary compatible with Loki at the object file level).
		For ASCI Red, the real metric for evaluating gravitational N-body simulations is not Teraflops, but how many particles are updated per second, at an accuracy sufficient to accurately represent the physics involved.
	loki-www.lanl.gov /papers/sc97 (5594 words)

	Scientific Frontline / Red Storm upgrade lifts Sandia supercomputer to 2nd in world, but 1st in scalability, say ...
		Red Storm was designed under the National Nuclear Security Administration’s Advanced Simulation and Computing program and is used for NNSA’s stockpile stewardship program, which helps ensure that the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile is safe and reliable without the resumption of underground nuclear testing.
		Red Storm is Sandia’s largest high-performance computer, but is thrifty in its use of power.
		The original technology was pioneered by Sandia on its ASCI Red machine, built by Intel Corporation, the world’s first terascale supercomputer.
	www.sflorg.com /technews/tn111506_01.html (699 words)

	Asci Red king of supercomputers \| CNET News.com
		Intel, has retained its position at the top of the list of the world's fastest computers, although the overall leader in supercomputing still seems to be Silicon Graphics.
		While the Pentium Pro-based Asci Red retained its No. 1 ranking among supercomputers, its spot at top of the heap won't last for long.
		Asci Red, meanwhile, is likely the last of its line.
	news.com.com /2100-1001-217615.html (832 words)

	Red Storm: what is it and what about the AMD technology
		RED was not only fast, it was inexpensive and reliable.
		Camp presented some benchmark examples - of their codes - and compared it with ASCI Red, which gave an improvement of a factor of 8 to 12.
		Red Storm uses custom parts only where they are critical to performance and reliability.
	www.hoise.com /primeur/04/articles/live/UH-PL-06-04-5.html (965 words)

	Henry M
		ASCI Red has two processors per node and, at the time, the only way to use the second processor to perform computational work was to spawn a separate thread.
		My contribution was to lead the tuning effort, which resulted in a fourfold improvement in performance on ASCI Red.
		As the code’s performance was limited by processor-to-main-memory bandwidth (which is often the case on modern cache-base microprocessor architectures as this is significantly less than processor speed) the tuning effort revolved around increasing the ratio of floating-point operations to memory references.
	www-unix.mcs.anl.gov /~tufo/Research_Statement.htm (1557 words)

	setteB.IT - Intel: siamo entrati nell'"era del tera"
		Nei laboratori di Hillsboro (Oregon), un decennio dopo ASCI Red capace di 1 teraflops, stanno continuando a innovare.
		Per la verità già nel 1996, con la consegna di ASCI Red, Intel archiviava il record del teraflops, tuttavia dentro la mastodontica macchina che occupava una superficie di 185 metri quadrati (500 kW solo per alimentare i condizionatori della stanza) risiedevano 10.000 Pentium Pro @ 200 MHz ciascuno (upgradabili) che necessitavano di 500kW di elettricità.
		ASCI Red è stato pensionato dal Sandia National Laboratories di Albuquerque nel settembre del 2005.
	www.setteb.it /index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1575&Itemid=2 (206 words)

	Cray Inc - The Supercomputer Company > Products > Programs > Red Storm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Red Storm is a massively parallel processing (MPP) supercomputer with distributed memory, multiple instruction, and multiple data (MIMD) architecture to provide exceptional computational power.
		Red Storm can scale from a single cabinet to hundreds of cabinets—ranging up to tens of thousands of processors.
		Red Storm leverages the knowledge gained from years of supercomputing experience with successful systems, such as the ASCI Red and the Cray T3E™ supercomputers.
	www.cray.com /products/programs/red_storm/index.html (356 words)

	Geek.com Geek News - REALLY Big Blue!
		ASCI White weighs 106 tons, takes up floor space equivalent to two basketball courts, and uses 1.2 megawatts of power (equivalent to the power draw of 1,000 homes).
		Another thing that struck me about ASCI White is the thought of comparing the old computers from the '50s that were the size of two basketball courts to this new one.
		By funding this kind of supercomputing research, the ASCI program is helping technology push the envelope faster, and one thing we do know is that there is a definite trickle down effect from this high-end research.
	www.geek.com /news/geeknews/q22000/gee2000629001774.htm (2074 words)

	The First Teraflop Computer in the World Has Been Decommissioned - Adios ASCI Red - Softpedia
		Nine years after it was first switched on, ASCI Red is still one of the top 500 supercomputers in the world.
		ASCI Red was the nucleus of Advanced Simulation and Computing Program
		With successive upgrades, ASCI Red broke seven more times the record for the world's fastest supercomputer from 1997 and 2000.
	news.softpedia.com /news/The-First-Teraflop-Computer-in-the-World-Has-Been-Decommissioned-28327.shtml (349 words)

	The ASCI Red TOPS Supercomputer
		The ASCI Red TOPS (Tera-OPerations per Second) Supercomputer is the first step in the ASCI Platforms Strategy, which is aimed at giving researchers the five-order-of-magnitude increase in computing performance over current technology that is required to support "full-physics," "full-system" simulation by early next century.
		The ASCI TOPS system is a distributed memory, MIMD, message-passing supercomputer.
		The ASCI platform effort bridges the gap between giga-scale and tera-scale computing to accommodate the five-order-of-magnitude increase in performance required by "full-physics", "full-system" simulation.
	www.sandia.gov /ASCI/Red/RedFacts.htm (598 words)

	Cray shows off 40 TFLOPS Opteron-based Red Storm
		According to the article, Red Storm has a large number of cabinets with everything connected by PCI-X and supporting a staggering 10 terabytes of memory.
		The system is cooled by an ingenious fan system located under the store, and everything in the system runs on the Linux operating system, with open source "Lustre" used for the file system.
		Red Storm can be used for nuclear simulations, and other big data crunching applications it appears.
	www.theinquirer.net /?article=10652 (281 words)

	Forbes.com - Magazine Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		That goes to the ASCI White installation at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory in California, a 106-ton gang of IBM RS/6000 servers capable of processing information at a rate of 4.9 trillion floating point operations per second (teraflops).
		The key to ASCI Purple will be off-the-shelf Power 4 processors, chips that IBM plans to introduce next year with clock speeds exceeding 1 gigahertz.
		With a system like ASCI Purple, forecasters might start to unravel the myriad factors that go into a weather system, such as rain, wind and the temperature of land, water and air.
	www.forbes.com /2000/11/04/1104supercomp_print.html (972 words)

	Cray Inc. Tests Red Storm Systems Software at NERSC Center
		Red Storm will be located at Sandia, a multiprogram laboratory managed by the Lockheed Martin Corporation for the NNSA.
		For the Red Storm tests, the NERSC Center based at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory provided Cray researchers with access to a 174-processor Linux cluster with 87 dual-processor nodes — a cluster named "Alvarez" in honor of Berkeley Lab physicist and Nobel Laureate Luis Alvarez.
		"Red Storm's Linux-based software allows simulation of multiple virtual processors per physical processor, and using this we ran simulations of up to 1,000 processors on the Alvarez machine," explained Gail Alverson, Cray operating systems manager, when the tests were complete.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/sb-NERSC-red-storm.html (821 words)

	PRESS RELEASE Sandia to Move to 50 Teraflops as Part of Red Storm Contract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The current 40-teraflop Red Storm supercomputer has exceeded expectations by performing more than seven times faster than Sandia's previous ASCI Red supercomputer on real-world applications.
		Red Storm's Linpack efficiency is higher than for Blue Gene/L, the currently fastest HPC system on Linpack.
		The Red Storm system enables DOE scientists and engineers to perform advanced modeling and simulations of complex problems involved in supporting the nation's nuclear weapons program.
	www.marketwire.com /mw/release_html_b1?release_id=101075 (1141 words)

	Page Title
		We trash everything below the base plate (see red square above) and replace it all with air cylinders (in red left).
		The only maintenance required is an occasional drop of oil on the linear bearing.
		The carriage is controlled by a standard ASCI station control board—firmware and all.
	www.ascitubes.com /index_files/Page358.htm (151 words)

	Wired 8.12: Monsters in a Box
		Next summer's Top 500 list will be topped by an unchallenged pillar of computing might.
		The 106-ton ASCI White, now in its final stages of installation for the Department of Energy's Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative, takes up a room bigger than two basketball courts at California's Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
		In 1994, President Clinton, faced with signing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, called in top weapons designers to talk about the nation's post-ban computing needs.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/8.12/supercomputers.html (930 words)

	Newswise
		ASCI Red, World's First Teraflop Supercomputer, Is Decommissioned
		Still one of the world’s 500 fastest supercomputers after nine years ASCI Red was being decommissioned.
		Newswise — On a table in a small meeting room at Sandia National Laboratories rested a picture of the deceased - a row of identical cabinets that formed part of the entity known as ASCI Red, the world's first teraflop supercomputer.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/521654/?sc=swtn (953 words)

	PCQuest : Supercomputer : The Champs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		ASCI White is based at the Lawrence Livermore laboratory, California, US, and is used for nuclear-weapons simulation.
		The ASCI White, built by IBM, is the size of two basketball courts and has 8192 CPUs at 375 MHz.
		ASCI Red at number five is the top most Intel machine in the list of supercomputers.
	www.pcquest.com /content/Supercomputer/102051007.asp (668 words)

	Breaking News
		Sandia is home to some pretty big supercomputing iron, including the ASCI Red parallel supercomputer built by Intel.
		ASCI Red has 9,632 333 MHz Pentium II processors that collectively are rated at 2.4 teraflops on the Linpack Fortran benchmark commonly used to rank the processing capacity of supercomputers.
		The initial $90 million for the first phase of the Red Storm project has been pegged for a machine that can deliver either 20 teraflops or 40 teraflops of peak performance, and they expect to have this machine operational in late 2004.
	www.itjungle.com /breaking/bn062503-story03.html (701 words)

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