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Topic: ATP hydrolysis

Related Topics

Adenosine triphosphate

Mitochondrium

Guanosine triphosphate

Phosphate

Guanosine diphosphate

GTPase

Citric acid cycle

Cell (biology)

Chemical reaction

Prokaryote

Eukaryote

Chemistry

Adenosine triphosphate

	ATP hydrolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Factors contributing to the free energy of hydrolysis of ATP
		The inorganic phosphate and the phosphate groups on ATP and ADP are weakly acidic, and have pK values in the physiological range.
		The modifying factors which affect the hydrolysis also effect the reverse reaction, so the graphs above can be used to find a value for the free energy of hydrolysis under any set of conditions, and the sign reversed to find the free energy for synthesis of ATP under the same conditions.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /crofts/bioph354/atp_hydrolysis.html (344 words)

	Adenosine triphosphate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		ATP molecules are also used to store the usable energy that plants convert in cellular respiration.
		ATP can be produced by various cellular processes: Under aerobic conditions, the synthesis occurs in mitochondria during the oxidative phosphorylation and is catalyzed by ATP synthase; to a lesser degree, under anaerobic conditions, this is done through substrate phosphorylation catalyzed by two enzymes: PGK and Pyruvate kinase.
		ATP is also synthesized through several so-called "replenishment" reactions catalyzed by the enzyme families of NDKs (Nucleoside diphosphate kinases), which use other nucleoside triphosphates as a high-energy phosphate donor, and the ATP:guanido-phosphotransferase family, which uses creatine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Adenosine_triphosphate (679 words)

	ipedia.com: Transmembrane ATPase Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Transmembrane ATPases harness the chemical potential energy of ATP, because they perform work: they transport solutes in a direction opposite to their thermodynamically preferred direction of movement—that is, from the side of the membrane where they are in low concentration to the side where they are in high concentration.
		The ATP synthetase (or ATP synthase) of mitochondria and chloroplasts is an anabolic enzyme that harnesses the energy of a transmembrane proton gradient as an energy source for adding an inorganic phosphate group to a molecule of adenosine diphosphate (ADP) to form a molecule of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
		ATP synthetase can also function in reverse; that is, use energy released by ATP hydrolysis to pump protons against their thermodynamic gradient.
	www.ipedia.com /transmembrane_atpase.html (375 words)

	Bil 255 ATP Synthase
		In some bacteria, the main function is to operate in the ATP hydrolysis direction, using ATP generated by fermentative metabolism to provide a proton gradient to drive substrate accumulation, and maintain ionic balance.
		The protein was crystallized in the presence of ADP, and an ATP analogue, AMP-PNP, in which the the two terminal phosphates of ATP were replaced by the non-hydrolysible imidodiphosphate group.
		The ATP synthase operates through a mechanism in which the three active sites undergo a change in binding affinity for the reactants of the ATP-ase reaction, ATP, ADP and phosphate, as originally predicted by Paul Boyer.
	fig.cox.miami.edu /~cmallery/255/255atp/ATPase/ATPase.htm (1009 words)

	GroEL Structure Thesis: Chapter 4
		For example, at 2 mM ATP the hydrolysis rate of GroEL in 1 mM Ca was 66% that in the absence of the ion.
		ATP is titrated for six different concentrations of calcium as in Figure 4.4.
		ATP binding to C458EL at physiological concentrations caused marked increases in fluorescence that is antagonized by increasing Ca concentrations.
	www.cchem.berkeley.edu /~shkgrp/people/boisvert/thesis/ch4.html (4107 words)

	F-ATP Synthase mechanism teaches scientists how to dance - Telic Thoughts
		In the former case, ion diffusion through the c ring results in rotation of the c-ring gamma complex, in the latter, ATP hydrolysis drives conformational change in the beta subunits, which subsequently drives gamma rotation.
		In the ATP hydrolysis mode rotation of the gamma/epsilon drives c subunit rotation (F1 acts as the motor).
		ATP hydrolysis in the catalytic site results in large scale conformational changes including movement of the 'catch loop' residues, and movement of the hinged DELSEED region located a considerable distance from the active site.
	telicthoughts.com /f-atp-synthase-mechanism-teaches-scientists-how-to-dance (1073 words)

	Multiple roles for ATP hydrolysis in nucleic acid modifying enzymes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Another DNA translocase is the RuvAB complex that utilizes ATP hydrolysis to drive the migration of four-way (Holliday) junctions during recombination (West, 1996), a reaction for which there is no net energy change other than the entropic aspect of unidirectional translocation.
		MutS is an ATPase and recent evidence suggests that ATP hydrolysis is used by the protein both to verify mismatches and activate initiation of the repair process by the MutH and MutL proteins (Junop et al., 2001).
		There are examples of ATP hydrolysis being used for chemical coupling to produce 'high energy' intermediates and to drive conformational changes in a variety of protein machines, from motors to clamp loaders.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/emboj/journal/v22/n18/full/7590853a.html (3805 words)

	Useful ATP Hydrolysis Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The Metal Coordination of sCD39 during ATP Hydrolysis The Metal Coordination of sCD39 during ATP Hydrolysis Abstract Background The hydrolysis of ATP and ADP by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1...
		Uncoupled ATP Hydrolysis and Thermogenic Activity of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase.
		The steady-state parameters for hydrolysis of ATP and ATPS by ClpX were measured with different...
	www.justtennisinfo.com /atp/5-A/ATP-hydrolysis.html (540 words)

	ATP hydrolysis in F1-ATPase
		ATP synthase can be separated into its two constituent subunits F1 and Fo, which can then be studied individually.
		It has been suggested that ATP binding and product unbinding provide the main "power stroke" and that the actual catalytic step inside the binding pockets is equi-energetic, but, unfortunately, there is currently no consensus regarding this issue.
		In any case, since ATP in solution is a very stable molecule, the catalytic sites have to be able to lower the reaction barrier toward product formation considerably in order to cause efficient hydrolysis.
	www.ks.uiuc.edu /Research/atp_hydrolysis (912 words)

	ATP (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		ATP is the principal carrier of energy for all forms of life.
		ATP is an energy rich molecule, because it contains two phosphoanhydride bonds, and a large amount of free energy is released when one of these bonds is broken.
		ATP is constantly being consumed/reformed all over the body, and estimated that human resting consumes about 40 kg of ATP per 24 hours.
	www-biol.paisley.ac.uk /courses/stfunmac/glossary/ATP.html (714 words)

	Electron Storage
		ATP is made of adenosine and ribose bonded to three phosphate groups through phosphate ester bonds.
		ATP synthetase converts the free energy of the proton gradient to chemical energy in the form of ATP.
		ATP synthetase (multicolors) has two components: a proton channel (magenta) which allows diffusion of protons down a concentration gradient, from the intermembrane space, and a catalytic component (F1) to catalyze the formation of ATP in six alpha beta subunits (multicolors) in graphic on the left.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/vchembook/593energystore.html (760 words)

	Metabolic Misconceptions: Part 4 by Fred Dimenna
		ATP hydrolysis is an enzyme activated removal of one of the three phosphate groups this molecule contains.
		ATP is a critical player, so there must be effective ways for ensuring that an adequate amount is always present.
		Sure, a lot of ATP will be reformed during the process, but if you’re using it up even quicker (contracting your muscles vigorously, as you would when lifting weights or sprinting), you have to maintain your stores at all costs.
	www.newliving.com /issues/mar_2004/articles/freddimmena304.html (769 words)

	P Glycoprotein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Our data demonstrate two distinct roles for ATP hydrolysis in a single turnover of the catalytic cycle of Pgp, one in the transport of substrate and the other in effecting conformational changes to reset the pump for the next catalytic cycle.
		However, both ATP hydrolysis and drug transport activities of the deletion mutant were completely abrogated, indicating that the linker deletion disconnected substrate binding from ATP hydrolysis and transport.
		Although the hydrolysis of ATP by these domains is believed to drive transport of solute, it is unknown why two rather than a single NBD is required.
	www.altcorp.com /AffinityLabeling/pglycoprotein.htm (4810 words)

	[No title]
		ATP is the nucleotide consisting of the base adenine (red numbers in figure), the sugar ribose (green numbers), and a triphosphate group in an ester linkaage with the 5'-hydroxyl of the ribose.
		ATP is a major product of metabolism, serving as a ubiquitous carrier of metabolic energy in the form of high phosphoryl transfer potential.
		The origin of the high-energy yield of ATP hydrolysis lies in the fact that it is a phosphoric acid anhydride, an energy-rich compound relative to its hydrolysis products.
	guweb2.gonzaga.edu /faculty/cronk/biochem/A-index.cfm?definition=ATP (309 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| The Metal Coordination of sCD39 during ATP Hydrolysis
		The hydrolysis of ATP and ADP by ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (CD39) requires divalent cations, like Ca and Mg In spite of considerable work, it is not clear whether divalent cations bind to the enzyme in the absence of nucleotide or only as nucleotide-Me complex.
		ATP hydrolysis by sCD39 with VO as cofactor analyzed by HPLC.
		As we have reported that sCD39 releases intermediate ADP before ADP is further cleaved during ATP hydrolysis [25], sCD39 probably has two conformations that bind metal-ADP complexes, one is the conformation that releases the ADP intermediate, and another that recruits intermediate ADP back to the enzyme for further hydrolysis to AMP.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2091/2/9 (4174 words)

	Hongyun Wang's Research on Molecular Motors
		ATP is the most important chemical energy source in all living cells.
		ATP synthase can also reverse itself and hydrolyze ATP to pump ions against an electrochemical gradient.
		Fo uses the transmembrane electrochemical gradient to generate a rotary torque to drive ATP synthesis in F1 or, when driven backwards by the torque generated in F1, to pump ions uphill against their transmembrane electrochemical gradient.
	www.cse.ucsc.edu /~hongwang/ATP_synthase.html (538 words)

	Bioenergetics
		Hydrolytic cleavage of one or both of the "high energy" bonds of ATP is coupled to an energy-requiring (non-spontaneous) reaction, as in the examples presented above.
		ATP can thus act as a phosphate donor, and ATP can be synthesized by transfer of phosphate from other compounds, such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).
		Phosphate is removed from ATP only when the reaction is coupled via enzyme catalysis to some other reaction useful to the cell, such as transport of an ion, phosphorylation of glucose, or regulation of an enzyme by phosphorylation of a serine residue.
	www.rpi.edu /dept/bcbp/molbiochem/MBWeb/mb1/part2/bioener.htm (1505 words)

	ATP releases HSP-72 from protein aggregates after renal ischemia -- Aufricht et al. 274 (2): 268 -- AJP - Renal ...
		ATP levels were determined by luciferase assay (9) in homogenates from 2-h reflow cortex.
		-ATPase, actin, and HSP-72 all decrease in the aggregate subfraction with ATP incubation (+ATP).
		However, the effects of altering ATP hydrolysis after isolation of the aggregates were unique to those purified after ischemia.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/274/2/F268 (4191 words)

	Division of labor---sequential ATP hydrolysis drives assembly of a DNA polymerase sliding clamp around DNA -- Hingorani ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		ATP in the reaction, and thus remains unhydrolyzed.
		ATP hydrolysis is integral to the mechanism of clamp assembly
		One ATP hydrolysis triggers release of the clamp from the clamp loader
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/18/18/5131 (5607 words)

	Gating of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channels by Adenosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis . ...
		of ATP with the responses of 2.75 mM ATP.
		Assuming ATP is not hydrolyzed by the NBD2 of K1250A-CFTR,
		ATP hydrolysis cycles and mechanism in p-glycoprotein and CFTR.
	www.jgp.org /cgi/content/full/113/4/541 (6972 words)

	Catalysis of ATP Hydrolysis by Two NH2-terminal Fragments of Yeast DNA Topoisomerase II -- Olland and Wang 274 (31): ...
		ATP hydrolysis is unclear; it appears that ATP hydrolysis by the
		B, rate of ATP hydrolysis as a function of total Top2-(1-409) concentration (as monomers) at a fixed ratio of 40 bp of DNA per protein monomer.
		The absorbance of NADH at a wavelength of 340 nm was monitored in an ATP regeneration system that quantitatively couples NADH oxidation to the conversion of ADP to ATP (24).
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/274/31/21688 (5356 words)

	ATP Hydrolysis in the B^sub TP^ and B^sub DP^ Catalytic Sites of F^sub 1^-ATPase Biophysical Journal - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Notwithstanding a large amount of biochemical and, recently, structural data, we still lack an understanding of how ATP hydrolysis in F^sub 1^ is coupled to mechanical motion and how the catalytic sites achieve cooperativity during rotatory catalysis.
		This is evidenced by the fact that during steady-state hydrolysis the three binding pockets exhibit different binding affinities for ATP, i.e., there is a high, a medium, and a low affinity site with K^sub d^ values for ATP of ?50 nmol, 0.5 µmol, and 25 µmol, respectively (Weber et al., 1994).
		For the catalytic sites this meant that the effect of specific protein side chains on the hydrolysis reaction could be related to their spatial location with respect to the nucleotide.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3938/is_200411/ai_n9464965 (887 words)

	BC Online: 8C - ATP and Ox-Phos Reactions
		for hydrolysis of ATP is dependent on the divalent ion concentration and pH, which affect the the stabilization and the magnitude of the charge states of the reactants and products.
		ATP is also used to drive peptide bond (amide) synthesis during protein synthesis.
		Peptide bond synthesis is cells is accompanied by cleavage of both phosphoanhydride bonds in ATP in a complicated set of reactions that is catalyzed by ribosomes in the cells.
	employees.csbsju.edu /hjakubowski/classes/ch331/oxphos/olcouplingoxphos.html (4375 words)

	Mike Cox's Lab, UW-Madison Biochemistry Department
		Webb, B.L., Cox, M.M. and Inman, R.B. ATP Hydrolysis and DNA binding by the Escherichia coli RecF Protein.
		Kim, J.-I., Cox, M. and Inman, R. On the role of ATP hydrolysis in recA protein-mediated DNA strand exchange: I. Bypassing a short heterologous insert in one DNA substrate.
		Longitudinal assembly and disassembly of recA protein filaments mediated by ATP and ADP.
	www.biochem.wisc.edu /cox/pub_list.html (2890 words)

	Antioxidant food, atp hydrolysis. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		On immune system defense atp hydrolysis digestive enzyme.
		Or white blood cell atp hydrolysis free radical, kidney diet how to seduce girl growth hormone releasers.
		atp synthase coq10 antioxidant lactase enzyme kidney adenosine atp high energy diet enzyme reaction enzyme activator
	my.ohio.voyager.net /~peter/co-enzyme/ANTIOXIDANT.FOOD.html (156 words)

	ATP Hydrolysis and AMP Kinase Activities of Nonstructural Protein 2C of Human Parechovirus 1 -- Samuilova et al. 80 ...
		ATP Hydrolysis and AMP Kinase Activities of Nonstructural Protein 2C of Human Parechovirus 1 -- Samuilova et al.
		GST-2C was incubated with radiolabeled ATP in the reaction buffer containing 4 µM cold ATP at 37°C for 30 min.
		to ADP and AMP by hydrolysis of the ß-
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/80/2/1053 (3342 words)

	ATP Hydrolysis is Required to Reset the ATP-binding Cassette Dimer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		ATP Hydrolysis is Required to Reset the ATP-binding Cassette Dimer
		When ATP causes the tweezers to squeeze shut, the membrane proteins open to reveal a small cavity that can hold a nutrient or other substance the cell requires from the outside.
		Once the nutrient is in place, the cell uses water to break down the ATP, signaling the "tweezers" to relax, closing the membrane protein gate and capturing the nutrient.
	www.rxpgnews.com /biotechnology/ATP_Hydrolysis_is_Required_to_Reset_the_ATP-bindin_2948_2948.shtml (1310 words)

	Cooperative kinetics of both Hsp104 ATPase domains and interdomain communication revealed by AAA sensor-1 mutants -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The conserved hydrogen-bonding residue predicted to position the nucleophilic water for ATP hydrolysis is colored red and the two conserved hydrophobic residues are blue.
		ATP hydrolysis is observed at NBD2 in the Hsp104
		Upon ATP hydrolysis at NBD2, a presumed conformational change occurs, resulting in a state in which the rate at NBD1 is elevated.
	embojournal.npgjournals.com /cgi/content/full/21/1/12 (6696 words)

	ATP hydrolysis F1-ATPase
		-ATP synthase, or ATP synthase for short, is one of the most abundant proteins in every organism.
		ATP is used to power and sustain virtually all cellular processes needed to survive and reproduce.
		Acta 215-250, 1993) as the modus operandi for ATP synthase’s rotational catalytic cycle and lead to the 1997 Nobel Price in chemistry for Boyer and Walker.
	www.ks.uiuc.edu /~markus/atp_hydrolysis (800 words)

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