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Topic: AVRO tournament

	Reuben Fine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Although active in U.S. tournaments, he was never able to finish first in the U.S. championship, usually placing behind his American rival, Samuel Reshevsky.
		In 1938, he tied for first place with Paul Keres in the prestigious AVRO tournament in the Netherlands.
		The winner of AVRO, a double round-robin tournament, was to be challenger to the world champion then held by Alexander Alekhine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reuben_Fine (823 words)

	bobbyfischer.net
		Inasmuch as Keres and I tied for first prize in the AVRO tournament of 1938, which was officially designated as the tournament for the selection of the challenger, when Alekhine died in 1946, logically a match should have been arranged between Fine and Keres to decide the title.
		The tournament arranged in 1947 was called off by the Russians as part of a kind of flmail scheme to force the players to compete in Russia.
		The tournament was to be held in Holland in 1947.
	www.bobbyfischer.net /history1.html (3718 words)

	Reuben Fine, American Chess Giant, Dead at 79 - New York Times
		When Dr. Fine retired, after a tremendous victory at the AVRO tournament in the Netherlands in 1938, he became, and has remained, the great what-if of the chess world.
		His greatest professional moment came in 1938, at the AVRO tournament (AVRO was a Dutch radio station that sponsored the event).
		The tournament was set up to determine who would play Alekhine for the world championship.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE5DA123AF934A15750C0A965958260 (730 words)

	Ossimitz: Chess Tournaments
		corus2003.zip The Corus A Tournament 2003 in Wijk aan Zee!
		02corus.zip The Corus A Tournament 2002 in Wijk aan Zee!
		01corus.zip The Corus A Tournament 2001 in Wijk aan Zee!
	www.uni-klu.ac.at /~gossimit/c/event.htm (3424 words)

	Alexander Alekhine
		A few months later, after tying with Nimzo, he played in the famous 1914 St. Petersburg Tournament of the same year (1914) where the five finalists would be bestowed the title of "Grandmaster of Chess" by Czar Nicholas II of Russia.
		This was the first international tournament in Germany since World War I. In 1925 Alekhine became a naturalized French citizen, entered the Sorbonne Law School, and wrote a thesis on the Chinese prison system, becoming Dr. Alekhine.
		The tournament was won by Jose Capablanca and Dr. Botvinnik.
	www.chess-poster.com /great_players/alekhine.htm (1097 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - The world chess champions
		He came fourth at the AVRO tournament in Rotterdam, 1938, behind Keres and Botvinnik, but level with world champion Alekhine and ahead of Capablanca - this was perhaps the strongest tournament ever.
		However, at the elite tournament organised at The Hague and Moscow to settle the world championship in 1948 he was clearly out of form and finished last (Botvinnik won, ahead of Smyslov and Keres).
		He won the international tournament at Lone Pine, 1976, and was a regular fixture in the candidates' matches to the end of his career, playing in 1971 (when he lost to Fischer), 1974, 1977 and 1980.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A1308890 (3805 words)

	The Pushed Pawn Chess for the Community
		The AVRO tournament was a chess tournament held in 1938.
		The tournament was apparently organised in the hope that it would provide a challenger to Alekhine, but it was not an official candidates tournament.
		FIDE organised its 1948 match tournament for the world title after Alekhine's death in 1946, it invited the 6 surviving AVRO participants (Capablanca had also died), except that Flohr was replaced by
	pushedpawn.org /chesspedia/AVRO_tournament.htm (96 words)

	Max Euwe vs Alexander Alekhine (1934)
		In the 1948 WC tournament he had a bad start and a bad finish: 0/4, 1.5/4, 1.5/4 and 1/4 seem to be his results in rounds 1 to 4.
		Keres won the AVRO 1938 and Botvinnik was a major star in 30s (Joint first at Nottingham 1936 and Moscow 1935 and second behind Capablanca in Moscow 1936) He also won the first big tournament after WWII: Groningen 1946.
		I reckon the tournament had too few players, considering that AVRO and the candidates had at least 8, but FIDE was in it's infancy and reality is often less than ideal.
	www.chessgames.com /perl/chessgame?gid=1008003 (1302 words)

	The strongest tournaments in chess history
		The first tournament to be held in Germany and also the first to be interrupted by war, in this case the Franco-Prussian war that saw the unification of Germany.
		The tournament was organized to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of Kaiser Franz Josef's ascension to the throne of Austria-Hungary.
		This is said to be the tournament where Steinitz started playing for the accumulation of advantages rather than the attack, an approach that had a strong influence on later players such as Lasker and Capablanca.
	www3.sympatico.ca /g.giffen/tournaments.htm (2056 words)

	Alexander Alexandrowitasch Alekhine
		A few months later another major tournament was held in St. Petersburg in which he took third place behind Emanuel Lasker and Jose Capablanca.
		In July-August of 1914 Alekhine was leading an international chess tournament, the 19th German Chess Federation Congress in Mannheim, Germany with 9 wins, 1 draw and 1 loss when World War I broke out.
		This was the first international tournament in Germany since World War I. In 1925 Alekhine became an naturalized French citizen, entered the Sorbonne Law School, and wrote his thesis on the Chinese prison system.
	members.tripod.com /HSK_Chess/alekhine.html (1684 words)

	jaced.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		We have evidence of this, especially during his tournaments in the early 30's and his World Championship matches with Dr. Max Euwe in the mid-30's.
		A few months later, after tying with Nimzo, he played in the famous 1914 St. Petersburg Tournament of the same year (1914) where the 5 finalists would be bestowed the title of "Grandmaster of Chess" by Czar Nicholas II of Russia.
		In the tournament of Mannheim, Germany in 1914, Alekhine was leading an International Tournament with 9 wins, 1 loss and 1 draw, when World War I broke out.
	dev.jaced.com:8080 /htm/c/cbios/cbios_alekhine.htm (1852 words)

	AVRO 1938
		AVRO 1938 was played in ten Dutch cities from 6 until 27 xi 1938.
		Each round the players had to make a journey to the tournament hall.
		When Keres won AVRO 1938, church bells were ringing and schoolchildren got a day off in Estonia.
	www.endgame.nl /AVRO1938.htm (332 words)

	[No title]
		In that tournament you defeated Bogolyubov, Alekhin, Lasker, Vidmar and you drew with Botvinnik.
		There are some people who say that that broke Fine's spirit, those two tournaments where he did so well but still did not beat you.
		You know, my record against him is an indication that he didn't have the confidence that was necessary to have a better score against me. HWR: His one outstanding tournament was AVRO 1938.
	www.chesscafe.com /text/resha.txt (2586 words)

	Classic Chess (until 1945)
		The great highlight in this century was the 1851 London international tournament.
		As far as I know, this was the first international tournament in the history of chess.
		The last important tournament in this period was the 1938 AVRO tournament.
	www.geocities.com /CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/2640/chclasic.htm (127 words)

	Mikhail Botvinnik
		The beginning of an ascention of the future sixth World Champion to a throne of the chess king is accepted for counting from that memorable simultan which was given in Leningrad in 1925 by then World Champion.
		The victories in 1931 and 1933 in the Championships of the country and a draw score in a match with S.Flohr were the bright proof of his high class.
		Chess was one of the few kinds of sports, on which the Soviet authority did their rate and the young perspective chess player became an object of their steadfast attention.
	www.ruschess.com /Grands/Botvinnik/main.html (1093 words)

	ChessBase.com - Chess News - Remembering Paul Keres
		In fact after his first place in the 1938 AVRO tournament in Holland he was regarded as the natural successor to the reigning world champion Alexander Alekhine.
		At the AVRO tournament Paul Keres was the only undefeated player and finished in first place, ahead of four world champions (we count Botvinnik as a future world champion).
		Keres had participated in German tournaments during the war, and when the Red Army liberated the country, Soviet authorities planned initially to execute him.
	www.chessbase.com /newsdetail.asp?newsid=983 (708 words)

	Chess - New York Times
		It used to be that women players were belittled in every which way: They could not calculate combinations; their positional judgment was shallow; they lacked the determination to struggle hard over the board or to give opening preparation the arduous work it needs in the milieu of tournament play.
		One newcomer to the ranks is Xie Jun of China, who tied for first place in the women's candidates tournament in Borzhomi, the Soviet Union, in October.
		But ever since the Reuben Fine-Alexander Alekhine game in the 1938 AVRO Tournament, the defense with 10.
	query.nytimes.com /gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE1D8113EF936A15752C1A966958260 (501 words)

	PRACTICAL CHESS ENDGAME + COMPUTER ANALYSIS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		With this decision made he entered the Dutch AVRO tournament knowing it would probably be his last international appearance.
		It was generally accepted that the winner of the tournament would have the right to play a title match against Alekhine.
		Fine made a brilliant start and was soon the tournament leader but he lost his form and had to be content to share 1st place with Keres, but Keres had the better Sonnenborn-Berger score and so was looked upon as the official challenger to the world champion.
	hometown.aol.com /brigosling/psitn045.htm (471 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In January 1914, he won his first major Russian tournament when he tied for first place with Aron Nimzowitsch in St. Petersburg, the All Russian Masters Tournament.
		In April-May 1914, another major tournament was held in St. Petersburg in which he took third place behind Emanuel Lasker and José Raúl Capablanca.
		After the war, Alekhine found that he was persona non grata to tournament organisers.
	www.gamecheatz.net /games.php?title=Alexander_Alekhine (3252 words)

	Chess: Paul Keres
		On the ChessMetrics 20-year peak rating list Keres is #7 (with a peak period from 1944 to 1963), ahead of world champions Petrosian, Botvinnik, Spassky and Tal.
		1938 - He won (on tiebreak over Fine) the AVRO tournament to determine the challenger to Alekhine's crown.
		1950 - He placed 4th in the Budapest candidates tournament behind joint winners Bronstein (who won the play-off and went on to draw a match with Botvinnik) and Boleslavsky and 3rd placed Smyslov, his weakest showing ever in a candidates event, which should say it all.
	mychess.blogspot.com /2006/05/paul-keres.html (428 words)

	Capablanca
		In match, team match, and tournament play from 1909 to 1939 he scored +318=249-34, and he is known to have played 42 exhibition games (+38=4) and 32 consultation games (+22=9).
		The San Sebastian Tournament of 1911 was historic for two main reasons.
		At one point during the tournament, Capablanca's beautiful wife entered the tournament hall and he was apparently so enamored that he left his knight en prise.
	www.chessclub.demon.co.uk /culture/worldchampions/capablanca/capablanca.htm (2927 words)

	Alexander Alekhine vs Jose Raul Capablanca (1938)
		There was only the question of the spectacle itself, which of course could not influence the course of the tournament.
		I heard he wasn't even invited at first, until the chess public made such a fuss that the tournament directors sent him a last-minute invitation, which the insulted Lasker declined.
		It is very probable that his health influenced, and also the fact that he was in his fifties, while the other players —except Alekhine- were in the peak of their youth and potentiality.
	www.chessgames.com /perl/chessgame?gid=1013312 (1946 words)

	Max Euwe the Biography
		At tournaments in Bad Kissingen in 1928 and Carlsbad in 1929, Euwe did well and won the title “Amateur World Champion” in 1928.
		Euwe kept his distance from the game, returning to his teaching, though he did score a tie with Alekhine and Reschevsky for fourth place in the 1938 AVRO tournament where he won his first victory over Capablanca.
		Euwe proposed a Candidates’ tournament in which the leading candidates would be invited to play and the winners would play each other in a championship match.
	www.jeremysilman.com /chess_gst_wrtrs/041004_max_euwe_the_biography.html (1261 words)

	Chess: play online chess
		Alekhine's first chess accomplishment was when, in 1909, at the age of seventeen, he won the All-Russian Amateur Tournament in St. Petersburg with a score of twelve wins, two losses and two draws.
		The tournament was held concurrently with the more famous professional international event won by Emanuel Lasker and Akiba Rubinstein.
		In 1914, after Alekhine finished 3rd behind Lasker and Capablanca in a tournament in Saint Petersburg, Tsar Nicholas II named him as one of the five original grandmasters.
	nikto.net /online/chess/3633.shtml (583 words)

	Commentary Magazine - The Freedom of the Chessboard (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		...In the 945 Pan-American tournament, held at Hollywood in August, seven of thirteen competitors were Jewish...
		...In the AVRO tournament, comprising the then recognized eight greatest players in the world, four Jews participated...
		...Germany, with its numerous resort towns, was the seat of many of the early tournaments, and later, German-Jewish chessmasters spread Yiddish and German phrases which have become part of the language of the game...
	www.commentarymagazine.com /Summaries/V1I5P52-1.htm (2239 words)

	World Championship Disorder by Edward Winter
		The FIDE President and the Czechoslovak delegate, Fine wrote, had deluded the General Assembly into believing that the Warsaw and Lucerne assemblies had taken a formal decision, to be adhered to as a matter of honour, that the federations needed to select a challenger.
		The AVRO tournament went ahead in late 1938, but without the status of a candidates’ event.
		The AVRO tournament itself clarified nothing, except that the two ‘Stockholm finalists’, Flohr and Capablanca, finished bottom, in eighth and seventh places respectively.
	www.chesshistory.com /winter/extra/disorder.html (2322 words)

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