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	Aaron Klug
		Aaron Klug was born on August 11, 1926, in Zelvas, Lithuania; however, his family moved two years later to Durban, South Africa.
		Aaron Klug received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1982 for his development in crystallographic electron microscopy.
		Klug has shown that pictures of biological objects seemingly lacking in contrast often contain a large amount of structural information, which can be made available by a mathematical manipulation of the original picture.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/biography/klug.html (1362 words)

	Aaron Klug - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sir Aaron Klug, OM, FRS (born 11 August 1926 in Zelvas, Lithuania) is a Lithuanian-born British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes.
		Over the following decade Klug used methods from X-ray diffraction, microscopy and structural modelling to develop crystallographic electron microscopy in which a sequence of two-dimensional images of crystals taken from different angles are combined to produce three-dimensional images of the target.
		Sir Aaron was elected President of the Royal Society, and served from 1995-2000.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Aaron_Klug (270 words)

	Aaron - Search Results - MSN Encarta
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	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Aaron (124 words)

	Letter from Aaron Klug to Francis Crick (September 28, 1976) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Klug here related results from his X-ray diffraction studies of chromatin, the name given to the chromosomal material when extracted from the nucleus of cells in higher organisms (eukaryotic cells).
		Klug examined the structural organization of chromatin in order to gain an understanding of how DNA is folded into the tight structure seen in a chromosome, how genes are separated by function, and how their expression is controlled.
		Klug won the 1982 Nobel Prize in chemistry "for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes," chromatin and nucleosomes in particular.
	profiles.nlm.nih.gov /SC/B/B/P/S (218 words)

	Educational Outreach
		Sir Aaron Klug was born in 1926 in Zelvas, Lithuania.
		In 1962 Klug moved to the newly built MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, continuing his virus research specialising in spherical viruses.
		The MRC Laboratory, under the leadership of Perutz, was to house the original unit from the Cavendish Laboratory (Perutz, Kendrew, Crick and, later, Brenner), and the Biochemistry Department of the University of Cambridge.
	www-outreach.phy.cam.ac.uk /resources/nobel/klug.php (352 words)

	KNAW > The Heineken Prizes > Laureates
		Aaron Klug was awarded the prize in biochemistry in 1979.
		Klug received the prize for his pioneering research in the field of structure determination of large macromolecular complexes.
		Aaron Klug was born in 1926 in Zelvas, Lithuania.
	www.knaw.nl /cfdata/heineken/laureates_detail.cfm?winnaar__id=20 (119 words)

	KLUG, SIR AARON. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Raised and educated in South Africa, he moved to England and completed his doctorate at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1953.
		In the 1950s Klug began to study viruses and eventually used electron microscopy and structural modeling to study the three-dimensional nature of the polio virus and other viruses.
		It was for this work that he won the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/kl/Klug-Sir.html (62 words)

	A Habit of Lies: Chapter 9 - Correspondence with Institutions
		Sir Aaron Klug was the Head of the MRC Laboratory in Cambridge in which Drs.
		It was pointed out to Sir Aaron, that his colleagues had not explained at all, on the record, the reasoning behind their rejection of the wave model.
		Sir Aaron Klug is a Nobel prize-winner, former head of one of this country's great research institutes and later President of the Royal Society.
	freespace.virgin.net /john.hewitt1/pg_ch09.htm (4056 words)

	FSU - IMB - Quasi-equivalence
		In 1962, Don Caspar and Aaron Klug introduced the concept of quasi-equivalence to account for the arrangement of proteins on the surface of icosahedral virus particles.
		Inventor with Aaron Klug of the method of three-dimensional image reconstruction from electron micrographs, he is visualizing the bacterial rotary flagellar machinery and actin-containing cytoskeletal components of eukaryotic cells using advanced methods of image analysis.
		Sir Aaron Klug, President of the Royal Society, Former Director of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge.
	www.sb.fsu.edu /~caspar/qe.html (1939 words)

	Klug, Sir Aaron - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		KLUG, SIR AARON [Klug, Sir Aaron], 1926-, British biochemist, b.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Klug, Sir Aaron" at HighBeam.
		Jerusalem Post; 7/22/2002; General Lord Guthrie, Professor Sir Aaron Klug, Rt.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-klug-s1ir.html (198 words)

	A chromosome is a package for DNA.
		Aaron Klug and I were interested in a class of proteins called histones and how they interact with DNA.
		Aaron Klug also saw similar X-ray diffraction patterns in chromatin.
		There he became interested in the X-ray patterns Aaron Klug obtained for chromatin.
	www.dnaftb.org /dnaftb/text/29/index.html (1613 words)

	Aaron Klug: ZoomInfo Business People Information
		Sir Aaron Klug, OM FRS, one of Gendaq's scientific founders and a pioneer in the ZFP field, will join Sangamo's scientific advisory board.
		Professor Klug has been the recipient of numerous honours and awards including the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1982.
		Sir Aaron Klug, OM FRS discovered the molecular switches used by Gendaq for gene regulation.
	www.zoominfo.com /people/klug_aaron_539854.aspx (349 words)

	[No title]
		In fact, a select article written by Klug is entitled "Rosalind Franklin and the Discovery of the Structure of DNA." \par} \pard\nowidctlpar\nooverflow\sl240\slmult1{\f1\lang1033\fs20\kerning28\tab In this commentary, the opening sentence bluntly states Aaron Klug's point of view.
		This contrasts with Aaron Klug\u8217\'92s statement of her knowledge and use in the study.
		Since Klug\u8217\'92s article was written in retrospect rather than as it occurred, it allowed him to take into consideration all that arose because of her involvement and work with the research.
	www.louisville.edu /a-s/english/dale/105/99s/unit3/mandy.rtf (1418 words)

	Armor-plated puzzle: deciphering the code of viral geometry Science News - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A few years after Francis H. Crick and James D. Watson unveiled the structure of DNA in 1953, they rocked the fledgling field of molecular biology again with a bold notion: Viruses are, in part, structured as crystals are.
		Caspar and Klug were prepared for this leap, in part, by the then-new architectural concept of the geodesic dome conceived by R. Buckminster Fuller.
		In their viral version, the two scientists claimed that they could account for all viruses that have icosahedral symmetry, no matter what their size, using one simple recipe: Place one pentagon at each of the 12 sites of fivefold symmetry and then fill the rest of the shell with hexagonal units.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1200/is_10_168/ai_n15650954 (835 words)

	Sir Aaron Klug Winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry
		Autobiography of Aaron Klug (submitted by Nikolai N. Kostyukovich)
		Aaron Klug — Banquet Speech (submitted by Thomas)
		Aaron Klug Biography from Encyclopedia Britannica (submitted by www.britannica.com)
	www.almaz.com /nobel/chemistry/1982a.html (92 words)

	Sangamo BioSciences— News and Events: Press Release Archives- 2004
		The symposium was opened and chaired by Professor Sir Aaron Klug of the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, U.K. Among his many honors, Dr. Klug was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1982 for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid protein complexes.
		Klug’s most recent work has focused on understanding the molecular interactions between ZFPs and the DNA sequences to which they bind.
		His presentation described the structural basis for the versatility of the ZFP motif as a protein that can be engineered and used in a modular fashion to bind novel DNA sequences.
	www.sangamo.com /news/2004/pressrelease.php?pr=0604_2 (1044 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aaron Klug, FRS, OM Nobel Laureate in Chemistry (1982)
		Rosalind Franklin on the structure and assembly of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV).
		In 1995, he became the president of the Royal Society and was appointed to the Order of Merit.
	www.cryst.bbk.ac.uk /people/aaron_klug.html (61 words)

	GMWatch.org
		Other contributors holding positions within the Society were Aaron Klug (President), Brian Heap (Foreign Secretary) and Rebecca Bowden (Secretary).
		In addition, four key people involved, including the Chair of the working group, Noreen Murray, as well as Brian Heap, Rebecca Bowden and Sir Aaron Klug, were all part of the earlier working group that had issued the Royal Society's 1998 report supporting GM foods.
		As details of Britain's official ‘public debate’ on GM were finalised in autumn 2002, Lord May, who succeeded Aaron Klug as President of the Royal Society, spoke out about the danger of its being 'hijacked' by 'lobby groups'.
	www.gmwatch.org /profile1.asp?PrId=113 (2814 words)

	Rosalind Franklin - New Laboratory Birkbeck College (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On 25th June 1997, the President of the Royal Society, Sir Aaron Klug, unveiled the memorial plaque on the wall in Birkbeck College, University of London, just outside the new Rosalind Franklin Laboratory.
		Sir Aaron Klug worked at Birkbeck between 1954 and 1962 with Rosalind Franklin until her untimely death from cancer in 1958.
		He felt that the BBC TV program about her life did not represent her character as he saw it, although it did manage to convey some of the excitement of scientific research.
	img.cryst.bbk.ac.uk /bca/CNews/1997/Sep97/Cover.html (1699 words)

	ANC Today Vol.5 No.42, 21 October 2005
		These are the chemist, Aaron Klug, and the novelist, JM Coetzee, both of whom are now Esteemed Members of the Order of Mapungubwe, which celebrates true excellence.
		In his Nobel acceptance speech, Aaron Klug said: "There should always be left room for apparently unguided research on problems that seem to have no practical application to the time.
		Neither do we know whether, like Aaron Klug, they have spoken out in defence of human curiosity and the urge to know, promoting these as the best secret weapon in the struggle to unravel the workings of the natural and social worlds, not destabilised by the cacophony of daily events.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/anctoday/2005/at42.htm (4126 words)

	Aaron Klug, LMB Structural Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Our studies are aimed at understanding in molecular detail the interactions between proteins and nucleic acids in a number of specific systems.
		We have solved the structure of a three-finger peptide with bound 5S RNA which reveals two modes of recognition of RNA, both different from that of DNA.
		Lu, D., Searles, M.A. and Klug, A. Crystal structure of a zinc finger RNA complex reveals two modes of molecular recognition.
	www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk /SS/Klug_A (295 words)

	Objectivity of Science - The Royal Society
		In addition, four key people involved, including the Chair of the working group, Noreen Murray, as well as Brian Heap, Rebecca Bowden and Sir Aaron Klug, were all part of the earlier working group that had issued the Royal Society's 1998 report supporting GM foods.There were other issues of bias.
		Sir Aaron Klug, vigorously opposed the publication of Pusztai's research, saying it was fatally flawed in design because the protein content of the diets which control groups of rats were fed on was not the same as that of the other diets.
		What Sir Aaron Klug from the Royal Society cannot ‘defend is the reckless decision of the Royal Society to abandon the principles of due process in passing judgement on their work.
	www.skepticalinvestigations.org /objectivity/RoyalSoc.htm (2771 words)

	[No title]
		Aaron Klug at a Cold Spring Harbor meeting.
		Photo of chromatin digested by nuclease, from Hewish and Burgoyne's 1973 experiment.
		Electron micrograph of the DNA and the protein scaffold left over from one chromosome (insert) with all the histone stripped out.
	www.dnaftb.org /dnaftb/concept_29/con29gallery.html (49 words)

	Genetically Modified Foods -- Royal Society Calls For A Rational Debate
		The Royal Society recognises the concerns of the general public and strongly supports mechanisms by which consumers are kept informed about developments in biotechnology.’
		‘The continuation of publicly funded research is essential if the benefits of GMOs are to command the confidence of the consumer and fulfil the basic aspiration of the universal right of access to food,’ concluded Sir Aaron.
		In April of this year the Royal Society appointed a working group, chaired by its Biological Secretary, Professor PJ Lachmann FRS, to review the use of GM plants in food, the report of which is due to be published in early September.
	www.monsanto.co.uk /news/ukshowlib.phtml?uid=338 (400 words)

	CSHL: Symposia on Quantitative Biology
		Reginald Harris had been established the Symposia in 1933 because he wanted to promote a quantitative approach to biological research that would require the skills of mathematicians, chemists and physicists, as well as biologists.
		The meeting was attended by many notable protein scientists, including Nobel Laureates Dorothy Hodgkin, Aaron Klug, William Lipscomb and Max Perutz.
		Sadly absent was William Lawrence Bragg, who with his father, had established the field of X-ray crystallography 59 years earlier.
	library.cshl.edu /symposia/1971 (360 words)

	MS State News: MSU biological sciences hosts first Klug lecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bhanu P. Jena of Wayne State University's School of Medicine will be featured at the first Sir Aaron Klug Distinguished Award Lecture.
		The new campus lecture series is named for the British chemist who received the 1982 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his investigations of the three-dimensional structure of viruses and other particles that are the combinations of nucleic acids and proteins.
		Jena, director of the WSU medical school's Institute of NanoBioScience, was selected as the first Klug lecturer in recognition of his own pioneering discoveries in the research areas he will be discussing, Gavini added.
	www.msstate.edu /web/media/detail.php?id=3212 (228 words)

	Lindau 2002: 2002 Trip Report Lindau Conference Day 3
		Aaron Klug presentation: "The Use of Zinc Finger Peptides for the Regulation of Gene Expression"
		George Olah of the University of Southern California presented a realistic picture of the problem of global warming, alternatives to face the challenges it presents, and possible solutions, including his ongoing research to chemically recycle carbon dioxide in more economical ways.
		Aaron Klug of Great Britain discussed the regulation of gene expression using zinc fingers, small peptide motifs that bind specifically to three successive base pairs of the DNA double helix.
	www.orau.gov /ORISE/edu/lindau2002/day3.htm (349 words)

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