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Topic: Abacus

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Chinese abacus

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	ABACUS: ABACUS VERSUS TALKING CALCULATOR
		This device is an abacus and is an adaptation of the Japanese abacus.
		For the child with a visual impairment the abacus is comparable to the sighted child's pencil and paper, and should be considered a fundamental component of his math instruction.
		The abacus has also been great to "back up" a teenager when she has had great difficulty with concepts that were taught in grade school-----but perhaps she missed or passed over at the time.
	www.tsbvi.edu /math/abacus.htm (3485 words)

	Abacus - LoveToKnow 1911
		In Romanesque architecture the abacus is square with the lower edge splayed off and moulded or carved, and the same was retained in France during the medieval period; but in England, in Early English work, a circular deeply moulded abacus was introduced, which in the 14th and 15th centuries was transformed into an octagonal one.
		The diminutive of Abacus, Abaciscus, is applied in architecture to the chequers or squares of a tessellated pavement.
		In the abacus the combinations are inscribed each on a single slip of wood or similar substance, which is moved by a key; incompatible combinations can thus be mechanically removed at will, in accordance with any given series of premises.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Abacus (588 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An abacus is a counting frame, typically wooden with balls sliding on wires.
		The swanpan (算盤 or 筭盤 Pinyin: suan4 pan2) of the Chinese closely resembles the Roman abacus in its construction and use.
		As recently as the late 1960s, abacus arithmetic was still being taught in school, as in Hong Kong; and into the 1990s in Taiwan.
	wikiwhat.com /encyclopedia/a/ab/abacus_1.html (847 words)

	abacus
		An abacus is a device used for addition and subtraction, and the related operations of multiplication and division.
		The origins of the Abacus are buried deep in the history of mankind.
		The abacus in Europe was in use until the 18th century and is still in use in the Orient.
	www.thocp.net /hardware/abacus.html (451 words)

	Abacus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The abacus can be reset to the starting position instantly by a quick jerk along the horizontal axis to spin all the beads away from the horizontal beam at the center.
		The Russian abacus is still in use today in shops and markets throughout the former Soviet Union, although it is no longer taught in most schools.
		The most significant educational advantage of using an abacus, rather than loose beads or counters, when practicing counting and simple addition is that it gives the student an awareness of the groupings of 10 which are the foundation of our number system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abacus (1531 words)

	Chinese abacus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The earliest mention of an abacus in Chinese literature was in a 190 CE book of the Eastern Han Dynasty, namely Supplementary Notes on the Art of Figures written by Xu Yue in that year.
		Another possible source of the Chinese abacus is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of a zero as a place holder.
		Abacus arithmetic was still being taught in school in Hong Kong as recently as the late 1960s, and in Republic of China into the 1990s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Chinese_abacus (1280 words)

	Abacus - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		Although often attributed to the Chinese, the abacus is thought to have been invented by the Babylonians around 2400 BC.
		The Russian abacus, the schoty or sjotty (счёты), usually has a single slanted deck, with ten beads on each wire (except one wire which has four, and acts as a separator or for fractions).
		The Russian abacus is still in common use today in shops and markets throughout the former Soviet Union, although it is no longer taught in most schools.
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/a/b/a/Abacus.html (1173 words)

	System Source - Computer Museum
		Invented by the Chinese, the first record of the abacus was from a sketch of one in a book from the Yuan Dynasty (14th Century).
		It's inventor is unknown, but the abacus is often referred to as the "first computer" because it was used as a mathematical model for early electronic computers.
		The abacus can be used to add, subtract, multiply, and divide as well as work with sophisticated mathematical problems such as fractions and square roots.
	www.syssrc.com /html/museum/html/abacus.html (244 words)

	Abacus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An abacus is a calculator used first by the Chinese since about 500 BC, for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, as well as fractions and square root.
		The Japanese abacus (soroban) has only 1 bead in the upper and 4 beads in the lower deck (they changed from the 2/5 to the 1/5 style in 1850 AD and then to the 1/4 style about 1930 AD).
		Contests have been held between users of the Japanese abacus and an electric calculator.For addition and subtraction the abacus user was much faster than the calculator user, but for multiplication and division the advantage of the abacus was less decisively demonstrated.
	www.smm.org /boghopper/Abacus.html (452 words)

	Abacus in Mathematics: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The abacus is used for calculating in the Middle East, Asia, and Russia and for teaching children the elements of arithmetic in many countries.
		A special merit of the abacus was that it simplified the addition and subtraction of numbers written in Roman numerals.
		The abacus is used for calculating in the Middle East, Asia, and...
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/abacus-in-mathematics.jsp?l=A&p=1 (1479 words)

	Abacus - MSN Encarta
		A modern abacus consists of a wooden frame with beads on parallel wires, and a crossbar oriented perpendicular to the wires that divides the beads into two groups.
		A simplified form of abacus was used in medieval England.
		The abacus is still used in China and Japan.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761564446/Abacus.html (274 words)

	Abacus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The suanpan (算盤 or 筭盤 Pinyin: suànpán) of the Chinese is similar to the Roman abacus in principle, though has a different construction.
		The beads on a soroban are usually shaped as a double cone to facilitate ease of movement.
		The Russian abacus usually has a single deck, with ten beads on each wire (except one wire which has fewer, and acts as a separator).
	www.freedownloadsoft.com /info/abacus.html (597 words)

	The Popsicle Stick Abacus
		Because abacuses or abaci were either not readily available or too expensive to purchase for 30 students, I created a prototype for an abacus which is simple to make and inexpensive.
		Another layer of three popsicle sticks will raise the abacus to prevent the beads from rubbing on the table surface.
		The extra sticks are needed to raise the abacus and prevent the beads from rubbing on a table surface.
	www.geocities.com /learner_center/abacus.html (365 words)

	abacus - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		ABACUS [abacus], in mathematics, simple device for performing arithmetic calculations.
		Abacus' Spring 2003 Catalog Industry Trend Report Shows War in Iraq Had an Impact on Catalog Sales; Report Shows 2002 Sales Growth in Certain Sectors, Despite Overall Decline.
		Abacus and AZ Direct Announce the Formation of Abacus Deutschland.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/a1/abacus-math.asp (472 words)

	Abacus in various number systems
		Abacus is probably the first of calculating devices.
		Chinese suan pan is different from the European abacus in that the board is split into two parts.
		The applet represents an abacus close to the Russian variant where, for the ease of use, middle counters differ in color from all the rest.
	www.cut-the-knot.org /blue/Abacus.shtml (599 words)

	Virtual Abacus
		In its earliest form, the abacus was a board which was incised with a series of parallel grooves.
		The counters of this abacus (the suan pan) are divided into two sets, one set representing fives and the other set representing ones.
		However, the abacus still sees limited use in schools, where it is used to demonstrate numbering systems and the theory behind simple arithmetic operations.
	www.coolmath4kids.com /calculators/abacus (231 words)

	ABACUS (Site not responding. Last check: )
		ABACUS is a software system which provides a framework for the implementation of branch-and-bound algorithms using linear programming relaxations that can be complemented with the dynamic generation of cutting planes or columns (branch-and-cut, branch-and-price, branch-and-cut-and-price).
		ABACUS is distributed as a callable library together with an example and the documentation.
		ABACUS is also used within the DFG-Project "Entwurf und Implementierung neuer Algorithmen zum Zeichnen von Graphen" ("Design and Implementation of New Algorithms for Graph Drawing").
	www.informatik.uni-koeln.de /old-ls_juenger/projects/abacus.html (294 words)

	Abacus - Word to the Wise
		Abacus understands that the business relationship is normally not between the mail sender and your company but rather between your company and the customer the email references.
		Abacus allows all the email about a single incident to be grouped together into a "master incident", both fully automatically and with hints from an operator.
		Abacus has benchmarked at over 100,000 new tickets a day on a single $2000 server, and is in production use at sites that handle tens of thousands of tickets a day with dozens of users.
	word-to-the-wise.com /products/abacus.html (1204 words)

	Exterior Lighting Solutions from Abacus Lighting
		Abacus Lighting is a world leader in the supply and installation of exterior lighting systems; for almost 50 years Abacus mast and lighting technology has lit sports areas, airports, ports, car parks, roads and cities.
		Abacus services your project needs from start to finish; from foundations to commissioning.
		Abacus has unveiled two of its new family of high performance Amenity Lanterns — the Orion 2 and Orion 3.
	www.abacuslighting.com (225 words)

	The Abacus for Mental Math/Arithmetic.
		The abacus is an excellent substitute for rote memorization of multiplication tables, which some young children find daunting.
		The abacus is also an excellent tool for teaching other base numbering systems since it easily adapts itself to any base.
		Abacus is a Latin word that has its origins in the Greek words abax or abakon (meaning "table" or "tablet") which in turn, possibly originated from the Semitic word abq, meaning "sand".
	www.nurtureminds.com /soroban-abacus.htm (560 words)

	Abacus - Construction Project Manager
		Abacus combines construction management experience with accounting, architectural, and engineering expertise to improve predictability, minimize risk, and enhance performance throughout all phases of project assessment, design, procurement, and construction.
		During design, Abacus emphases the development of a strong project team, a cost-effective and constructible design, and workable contract provisions, controls and procedures.
		During construction, Abacus is an attentive and proactive construction manager, whose primary objective is on-time and on-budget project completion with no surprises along the way.
	www.abacusengr.com /PCMservice.htm (92 words)

	Abacus Law Office Software
		Abacus delivers reliable software with personalized training & support.
		Abacus legal software provides practice management, time/billing and accounting - all designed specifically for law firms.
		Abacus Data System, Inc. · 9191 Towne Centre Dr. Suite 180 · San Diego, CA 92122 · Tel 858-452-4280· Fax 858-452-2073
	www.abacuslaw.com (481 words)

	Abacus: The China Experience: ChinaVista (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In this famous long scroll, an abacus is clearly seen lying beside an account book and doctor's prescriptions on the counter of an apothecary's.
		They are made in different sizes, and the largest known abacus, measuring 26 centimetres high by 306 centimetres long with 117 rods (for as many digits), is over a hundred years old and is kept at Darentang, a well-known traditional pharmacy in Tianjin.
		The beads on an abacus may be round or rhombus in shape.
	www.chinavista.com /experience/abacus/abacus.html (330 words)

	The Abacus
		The abacus is a calculator whose earliest known use is circa 500 B.C. by the Chinese civilization.
		The frame of the abacus has a series of vertical rods (at one time perhaps made of bamboo) on which a number of wooden beads are allowed to slide freely.
		With a Chinese abacus, the thumb and the index finger together with the middle finger are used to manipulate the beads.
	www.indwes.edu /Faculty/bcupp/lookback/Abacus.html (840 words)

	Abacus History - Invention of the Abacus
		The abacus was so successful that its use spread form China to many other countries.
		The next logical step was to produce the first "personal calculator"—the abacus—which used the same concepts of one set of objects standing in for objects in another set, but also the concept of a single object standing for a collection of objects—positional notation.
		The abacus is the first true precursor to the adding machines and computers which would follow.
	www.ideafinder.com /history/inventions/abacus.htm (1274 words)

	Abacus Group - Home page
		Abacus Group plc is one of the leading distributors of electronic components in Europe.
		Established in 1972 as Abacus Electronics, the company has developed both by growth in its core business of component distribution and by acquisition of related businesses.
		Abacus Group has announced a new European distribution agreement with world leading capacitor manufacturer Kemet.
	www.abacus-group.co.uk (75 words)

	Abacus
		Abacus may release user information about you if required by law, or if the information is necessary or appropriate to release to address an unlawful or harmful activity.
		Abacus disclaims any liability as a result of errors in software, unintentional consequences/results on the user’s system, errors in the given information and moreover disclaims liability in the relations, in which the information and software are used.
		Abacus is not responsible for possible transmission of virus in connection with the use of information and/or software irrespective if this happens directly by Abacus' participation and/or by a third party’s abuse or misuse of Abacus' data base/software.
	www.abacus-group.co.uk /jkcm/default.aspx?pg=332 (1651 words)

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