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Topic: Abaza language

	Abaza language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Abaza language (Абаза Бызшва/Abaza Byzšwa) is a language of the Caucasus mountains in the Russian autonomous republic of Karachay-Cherkessia by the Abazins.
		Abaza is spoken by approximately 35,000 people in Russia, where it is written using a modified Cyrillic alphabet, as well as another 10,000 in Turkey, where the Roman alphabet is used.
		Abaza, like its relatives in the family of Northwest Caucasian languages, is highly agglutinative and has a large consonantal inventory (63 phonemes) coupled with a minimal vowel inventory (two vowels).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abaza_language (190 words)

	Abkhaz language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Northwest Caucasian languages have been suggested as being related to the Northeast Caucasian languages and both are often merged under the blanket term "North Caucasian languages"; several linguists, notably Sergei Starostin, posit a phylogenetic link between these two families.
		Abkhaz is spoken primarily in Abkhazia, where it is established as the official language by the self-proclaimed Republic of Abkhazia.
		The earliest extant written records of the Abkhazian language are in the Arabic alphabet, recorded by the Turkish traveller Evliya Celebi in the 17th century.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abkhaz_language (1004 words)

	file_nav_name Encyclopedia Index
		An artificial or constructed language (known colloquially as a conlang among aficionados), is a language whose ph...
		A regional language is a language spoken in a part of a country - it may be a small area, a federal state or provin...
		An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined terri...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/language.html (7206 words)

	Abkhaz language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Abkhaz is an agglutinative language spoken in Georgia (in autonomous republic of Abkhazia) and Turkey.
		The first fragments of Abkhazian language that we have were taken down in the Arabic alphabet by the Turkish traveller Evliya Celebi in the 11th century.
		Abkhaz has only been a full literary language for about 100 years, and during the Stalinist Russian years Abkhaz was banned as a literary language.
	www.encyclopedia-online.info /Abkhaz (276 words)

	Languages of the Caucasus - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The term Caucasian languages is loosely used to refer to a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than seven million people in the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea.
		Urartian was the language of Urartu, a powerful state centered in the area of Lake Van in Turkey, that existed between 1000 BC or earlier and 585 BC.
		The fact that Basque, an isolated language spoken in the Pyrenees, also has an ergative case system has led many scholars to propose it as a displaced member of some Caucasian family.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Languages_of_the_Caucasus (880 words)

	Abkhaz language - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken in Georgia and Turkey.
		Abkhaz is often united with Abaza into one language, Abkhaz-Abaza, of which the literary dialects of Abkhaz and Abaza are simply the most divergent forms.
		Abkhaz is the official language of Abkhazian Autonomous Republic (currently part of Georgia), along with Georgian.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Abkhaz (589 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		In the 18th--19th centuries the Abaza territory became an knot of discord in the imperial policies of Russia and Turkey.
		In 1938 the central government ordered that the Abaza literary language adopt the Cyrillic alphabet and Russian be made the official language of instruction (the Abaza language and literature were retained as subjects in the curriculum).
		The identity and unity of the Abaza people may soon be endangered by two tendencies that have emerged during the past two decades, notably the growing number of mixed marriages and urbanization.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/abazians.shtml (1568 words)

	iberiul kavkasiuri enatmecniereba (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Abaza, the native language of Abaz, belongs to the Abkha-Adyghe or North-Western group of the Iberian-Caucasian languages.
		The Abaza language together with the Abkhaz language forms one language unit, but because of territorial isolation the Abaza literary language distinguishes from Abkhaz literary one.
		There are two dialects in Abaza â“ Tapanta (is spoken in the valley) and Ashkhar (is spoken in the mountains).
	titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de /armazI/armaziII/abaza/abaza.htm (126 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> Abaza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Abaza (city), a city in the Republic of Khakassia, Russia
		Abaza language (ÐÐ±Ð°Ð·Ð° Ð‘ÑÐ·ÑÐ²Ð°/Abaza ByzÅ¡wa), a language of the Caucasus mountains in the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.
		Abaza family, a large family in Egypt and surrounding nations with several famous members.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/Abaza (79 words)

	Armazi Project: Georgian Academy of Sciences (Chikobava Institute of Linguistics): Project 1: Abaza Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Abaza, the native language of Abazians, belongs to the Abkha-Adyghe, or North-Western group of the Iberian-Caucasian languages.
		The Abaza language together with the Abkhathian language forms one language unit, but because of territorial isolation Abaza literary language distinguishes from Abkhaz literary one.
		The morphological structure of the Abaza language is simular to the structure of the Abkhaz language.
	titus.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de /armazI/armaziII/code/ab-adygh/abaza.htm (163 words)

	Abkhaz language
		Abkhaz is an agglutinative language spoken in Georgia, Turkey and the Republic of Abkhazia on the Black Sea.
		The first fragments of Abkhaz that we have were taken down in the Arabic alphabet by the Turkish traveller Evliya Celebi in the 11th century.
		Abkhaz has its own alphabet, based on Cyrillic, and is now the national language of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ab/Abkhaz_language.html (203 words)

	ABKHAZIA.ORG - The Abkhaz Language
		From a purely linguistic point of view Abaza can be viewed as a divergent dialect of Abkhaz, though for geo-political reasons both were awarded literary status in the early days of Soviet power in the Caucasus.
		This will surely guarantee the survival and indeed strengthening of the language, which represents the only one the two communities share and which will underpin the consolidation of their ethnicity that both seem to desire.
		When the Young Written Languages of the USSR were forced to move to Cyrillic-based scripts in 1936-38, Abkhaz (along with South Ossetic) was compelled to accept a Georgian-based orthography, which lasted until the death of (Georgian) Stalin.
	www.abkhazia.org /lang.html (1249 words)

	Caucasian Language Family
		Besides languages from other language families (Armenian, Azerbaijani, Russian) brought by settlers and invaders over the past three millennia, there are 39 indigenous languages recognized as belonging to a single Caucasian family.
		The population figures for many of these languages are based on old data, so that some of them may already be extinct.
		Even though many of these languages have sizable populations of fluent speakers, the combination of bilingualism in Russian, restrictions imposed by former Soviet government policies, and lack of educational and employment opportunities in these languages may signal the end of the road for many of them.
	www.nvtc.gov /lotw/months/march/CaucasianLanguageFamily.html (536 words)

	Caucasian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Northwest Caucasian languages, also called Pontic or Abkhaz-Adyg/Circassian, are a group of languages spoken in Caucasus Russia, Turkey, Jordan, Kabardino-Balkaria (an autonomous republic in Russia) and Abkhazia (an autonomous republic in Georgia (country)).
		There are five languages in the Northwest Caucasian family: Abkhaz language, Abaza language, Kabardian or East Circassian, Adyghe language or West Circassian, and Ubykh language.
		Abaza is characterised by large consonant clusters, similar to those that can be found in Georgian language.
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Caucasian-languages (860 words)

	Abkhazian language and its place in the Caucasian family of languages
		For its develop- ment the young written Abkhazian language had a well-made “oral literary language", the example of which is the heroic epos of “Nartaa”, the true stories,legends, heroic and everyday songs.
		The peculiarity of the Abkhazo-Adygian languages is the presence of the whistling and hissing spirants and affricates.
		The Abkhazian language differs from the other Caucasian languages by the absence of declination, that is compensated by the verb structure.
	www.circassianworld.com /Abkhazian_lang.html (2702 words)

	[No title]
		Their language most resembles the tongue of the Ubykh ethnic group, the last speaker of which died in Turkey in 1992.
		The "Abaza question" was one of the main points in the election campaigns of both presidents of the republic to date - former president Vladimir Semenov and the incumbent Mustafa Batdyev.
		The Abaza leaders were encouraged by a federal law in 1999 and a republican law in 2001, both of which promised to protect the rights of small indigenous peoples.
	www.kafkas.org.tr /abmak/showarticle.php?articleID=16 (1101 words)

	Abkhazian Language and its place in the Caucasian Family of Languages
		The Abkhazian language - is the native language of Abkhazians, which live in Republic of Abkhazia and it is also spoken in many countries of the world /Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Germany, USA and others/ by the descendants of makhadgers, which were exiled by force from Abkhazia in 19 century.
		The Abkhazo-Adygian languages have the richest consonant systems in the world in spite of the fact, that they are very poor with the vocal ones.
		In the Abkhazian language the postpositions and preverbs are used instead of prepositions in verbs.
	www.kapba.de /Language2.html (2680 words)

	NORTHWEST CAUCASIAN LANGUAGE
		The Northwest Caucasian languages comprise five languages: Abkhaz, Abaza, Adyghe, Kabardian, and the extinct language Ubykh.
		This language was commonly in use until quite recently and might be still in use in some remote areas.
		The Circassian languages and Ubykh have two cases: The ergative case is used with the subject of transitive ('agentive') verbs.
	www.circassianworld.com /northwest.html (626 words)

	Abaza alphabet, pronunciation and language
		Abaza is a North West Caucasian language spoken by about 45,000 people in the Russian autonomous republics of Karachay-Cherkessia and Adygea, and also in Germany, Turkey and the USA.
		Like other Caucasian languages, Abaza has a large number of consonants (63) and few vowels.
		Between 1932 and 1938 Abaza was written with the Latin alphabet.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/abaza.htm (127 words)

	Adyghe language resources
		A Abaza language Abkhaz language Adyghe language Albanian language Armenian language Azerbaijani language C Cappadocian Greek language Chaldean Neo...
		* Languages of Russia A Abaza language Adyghe language Ainu language Akkala Sami Aleut language Altay language Alutor language Avar language Azerbaijani...
		Language Adele Adyghe Afrikaans Agul Aimaq, or Barbari Aini Ainu Akan Akawaio (Carib) Akkadian (Semitic) (extinct) Aklanon Albanian Aleut (Eskimo-Aleut) Algonquin AlemÃ¡n Coloneiro (Germanic) Alsatian (Germanic) Altay...
	www.mongabay.com /indigenous_ethnicities/languages/languages/Adyghe.html (1503 words)

	Abaza (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Abaza (town)—a town in the Republic of Khakassia, Russia.
		Abaza language (Абаза Бызшва/Abaza ByzЕЎwa)—a language of the Caucasus mountains in the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia, Russia.
		As the fragile ceasefire is still in force between Lebanon and Israel, the army of the occupying regime of Israel continued the hand-over of positions to the United Nations Interim Force (UNIFIL) yesterday.
	www.governpub.com /Languages-A/Abaza.php (320 words)

	The Red Book of the Peoples of the Russian Empire
		Being extremely rich in consonants (68 according to G. Klimov) the Abkhaz language is considered to be one of the most difficult to acquire of all the languages spoken on the ex-Soviet territory.
		Yet the Soviet power found it necessary to change the alphabetic basis of the language on as many as four occasions: in 1926 the analytic alphabet of N. Marr was introduced to be replaced by Roman letters in 1928, Georgian ones in 1938 and Slavic ones in 1954.
		The positive effect of a partly vernacular education to the preservation of national identity is reflected in the fact that the language retention rate of the Abkhazian Abkhaz is higher than that of the Adzharian Abkhaz whose language of literacy and education has been Georgian.
	www.eki.ee /books/redbook/abkhaz.shtml (2065 words)

	Abaza \| \| Dictionary & Translation by Babylon
		Abaza è una città della Russia, dell'oblast autonomo dell'Hakasskaja.
		Abaza es una lengua perteneciente a la rama septentrional de la familia caucásica.
		Abaza to English Abaza to French Abaza to Italian Abaza to Spanish Abaza to German Abaza to Turkish
	www.babylon.com /definition/Abaza/All (284 words)

	Joshua Project - Peoples by Country Profiles
		The Abaza language is called Abazin and is part of the Northwestern Caucasian language family.
		Most Abaza women marry while they are in their early twenties, but men often wait until they are in their thirties or even forties.
		Missions work among the Abaza will be difficult because of the current turmoil in the Caucasus region, ethnic and religious fighting, and the war in nearby Chechnya.
	www.icta.net /joshuaproject/peopctry.php?rop3=100011&rog3=RS (1144 words)

	LINGUIST List 15.3334: Syntax/Morphology: O'Herin (2002)
		Abaza is a written language (based on the Tapanta dialect).
		Abaza, just as it is true for its sister languages, operated through a
		language typology is well-grounded with respect to the linguistic data
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/15/15-3334.html (3767 words)

	Abkhaz language - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It belongs to the northwest Caucasian family spoken by only the Abazins, Adyghey, Kabardians and Circassians.
		Like the other Northwest Caucasian languages, Abkhaz is very rich in consonants, but has only a few vowels.
		Below is the Abkhaz X-SAMPA phoneme chart, for the standard dialect; the Bzyb dialect has even more consonants.
	www.indopedia.org /Abkhaz.html (456 words)

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