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	Abbasid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Abbasid (Arabic: العبّاسدين al-ʿAbbāsidīn) was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs.
		The Abbasid caliphs officially based their claim to the Caliphate on their descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (AD 566-652), one of the youngest uncles of the Prophet Muhammad, by virtue of which descent they regarded themselves as the rightful heirs of the Prophet as opposed to the Umayyads.
		The Abbasids still maintained a feeble show of authority, confined to religious matters, in Egypt under the Mamluks, but the dynasty finally disappeared with Al-Mutawakkil III, who was carried away as a prisoner to Constantinople by Selim I.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abbasid (1260 words)

	d. The Abbasid Caliphate and Its Breakup. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		The first Abbasid ruler, a descendant of the Prophet's uncle al-Abbas, was proclaimed caliph publicly in the mosque in Kufa on Nov. 28, 749, just months before the forces of the Abbasid Revolution brought a final end to Umayyad rule.
		Abu Muslim, the former leader of the Abbasid Revolution in Khurasan, was killed by order of the caliph, who feared his power in the province.
		Centered in Sijilmasa in Morocco, the dynasty was founded by Midrar (Sam'un ibn Yazlan), a Khariji Muslim and Zanata Berber from Meknes, after a revolt against the Abbasid governor of Qayrawan.
	www.bartleby.com /67/292.html (883 words)

	Abbasids
		The Abbasids were the dynasty of caliphs who ruled the Islamic Empire from 750 until the Mongol conquest of the Middle East in 1258.
		In 750 the Abbasids defeated the Umayyads and transferred the capital of the Caliphate from Damascus to Baghdâd, thereby shifting the empire's center from Syria to Iraq.
		Abbasid was the dynastic name generally given to the caliphs of Baghdad, the second of the two great dynasties of the Muslim empire.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txh/abbasid.htm (2390 words)

	Abbasids
		The Abbasids were all of one big family that claimed to descend from Abbas, an uncle of Muhammad.
		The Shi'is of the period rejected the legitimacy of the Abbasid leadership.
		In political terms, the Abbasid Caliphs became puppets in the hands of the Turkish military troops, and in 935 the title Emiru l-Umara was transferred to the chief of the Turkish soldiers.
	i-cias.com /e.o/abbasids.htm (414 words)

	Encyclopedia: Abbasid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Al-Muttaqi was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 940 to 944.
		Al-Muti (or Obedient to the Lord) was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 946 to 974.
		Al-Hakim II (died 1352) was the Abbasid Caliph in Cairo from 1341 to 1352.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abbasid (6592 words)

	Abbasid Online Research :: Information about Abbasid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Abbasid (Arabic language : Ø§ÙØ¹Ø¨Ù‘Ø§Ø³Ø¯ÙÙ al-Ê¿AbbÄsidÄ«n) was the dynastic name generally given to the Caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Muslim empire, that overthrew the Umayyads caliphs.
		The Abbasid caliphs officially based their claim to the Caliph on their descent from Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (AD 566 - 652), one of the youngest uncles of the Prophet Muhammad, by virtue of which descent they regarded themselves as the rightful heirs of the Prophet as opposed to the Umayyads.
		The Abbasids also found themselves at odds with the Shia, many of whom had supported their war against the Umayyads, since the Abbasids claimed legitimacy by their familial connection to Muhammed.
	in-northcarolina.com /search/Abbasid.html (1253 words)

	Abbasids
		Despite the Arab origins of the dynasty and the use of Arabic as the official language, the Arabs quickly lost the political and social superiority they had retained under the Umayyads; political prestige was increasingly determined by one's standing with the ruler.
		Meanwhile, the Bedouin Hamdanid dynasty was established in Syria and northern Iraq, and the Shi`ite Buyid dynasty came to power in western Persia.
		The last Abbasid caliph was deposed by Selim I, the Ottoman conquerer of Syria and Egypt; thereafter the title of caliph was held by the Ottoman sultans.
	www.princeton.edu /~batke/itl/denise/abbasids.htm (1085 words)

	MuslimHeritage.com - Topics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Not long after the collapse of the Umayyad dynasty in 749, whose seat of the Caliphate was in Damascus, at the hands of the Abbasid house, the new victors soon transferred the seat from Syria to Iraq.
		Al-Mansur (754-775), the second Abbasid Caliph and in many ways the founder of the new dynasty, established the permanent seat of the Abbasid capital in the new city on the west bank of the Tigris river not far from the ruins of the old Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon.
		As the Abbasid dynasty came to power through a religiously motivated movement, and sought in religion the basis of unity and authority, the Koranic meaning was certainly in their mind.
	www.muslimheritage.com /topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=316 (1770 words)

	ayatollah - In the Shiite branch of Islam, a high-ranking religious authority regarded by his followers as the most ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Abbasid dynasty -Second dynasty of the Muslim Empire of the Caliphate, succeeding the Umayyad dynasty.
		Almoravid dynasty -Berber dynasty that succeeded the Fatimid dynasty in the Maghrib.
		The Fatimid dynasty proclaimed a new caliphate in 920; Abd al-Rahman III announced one in opposition to both the Abbasids and the Fatimids in 928.
	www.gc.peachnet.edu /socsci/ehancock/BULLI/Islam-terms.htm (3590 words)

	Arabia - History - Abbasid Dynasty (Abbaside Dynasty)
		Hence the Abbaside polic Arab partisans, but to the influence and the arms of the anti-Arab and eastern, provinces, Persian, Tatar, and Turkoman, beyond the Tigris, whilst the Arab half of the empire had almost unanimously declared for their supplanted rivals.
		Hence the Abbaside policy rested on a non-Arab base; and its representatives, although descendants of Koreysh and Hashim, systematically neglected or even depressed the Arab element of their rule, while they strengthened and elevated the Irano-Turanian or centrall Asiatic.
		Meanwhile the Arabian peninsula itself, neglected or despoiled by the Abbaside caliphs, had sunk year by year more deeply into clannish disorganization, till the revolt of the Karmathians, about the end of the 10th and the beginning of the 11th century, detached Arabia definitely from the overgrow empire that she herself had founded.
	www.1902-encyclopedia.com /A/ARA/arabia-43.html (916 words)

	The Abassid Dynasty
		The 'Abbasids remained as caliphs until 1030, but they were only figureheads.
		The history of early Islam is a history of the spread of a single cultural force throughout the Iranian, Semitic, North African, and to a lesser extent, the Hellenistic and European worlds.
		The 'Abbasids, in adopting Iranian culture in part and in distancing themselves from their Semitic origins (for instance, by instituting Mamluk armies), further accelerated the cultural divisions in the world of Islam.
	www.wsu.edu /~dee/ISLAM/ABASSID.HTM (1383 words)

	Iraq the Abbasid Caliphate, 750-1258
		The Abbasids, whose line was called "the blessed dynasty" by it supporters, presented themselves to the people as divine-right rulers who would initiate a new era of justice and prosperity.
		The Abbasids reconstructed the city's canals, dikes, and reservoirs, and drained the swamps around Baghdad, freeing the city of malaria.
		Shias from the Iranian province of Daylam south of the Caspian Sea, the Buwayhids continued to permit Sunni Abbasid caliphs to ascend to the throne.
	www.country-studies.com /iraq/the-abbasid-caliphate,-750-1258.html (1287 words)

	The Art of the Abbasid Period (750-1258 A.D.) \| Special Topics Page \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Abbasids later also established another city north of Baghdad, called Samarra’ (an abbreviation of the sentence "He who sees it rejoices"), which replaced the capital for a brief period (836–83).
		Abbasid rule were a golden age in which Baghdad and Samarra’ functioned as the cultural and commercial capitals of the Islamic world.
		Abbasid political unity weakened and independent or semi-autonomous local dynasties were established in Egypt, Iran, and other parts of the realm.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/abba/hd_abba.htm (515 words)

	Abbasids - History for Kids!
		In 750 AD, the Umayyad caliphs were replaced by the Abbasid caliphs, who murdered all of the surviving Umayyad men but one.
		The Abbasids were less interested in the Mediterranean coast than the Umayyads had been, and the Abbasids therefore tended to concentrate more on the plains of Iraq and Iran, and less on the coast: Israel, Syria, and Lebanon, and Egypt.
		The Abbasids ruled all of West Asia and North Africa from 750 AD until about 1000, when they began to weaken.
	www.historyforkids.org /learn/islam/history/abbasids.htm (410 words)

	The Islamic World to 1600: The Fractured Caliphate and the Regional Dynasties (The Abbasid Dynasty) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Abbasids established the position of vizier in their administration, which was the equivalent of a "vice-caliph," or second-in-command.
		The Abbasid leadership was strong in the last half of the eighth century, with several competent caliphs and their viziers guiding the administrative changes.
		By the 9th century, Abbasid control began to wane as regional leaders sprang up in the far corners of the empire to challenge the central authority of the Abbasid caliphate.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/islam/fractured/abbasid.html (519 words)

	Student's Friend Part 1, Unit 6
		Abbasid rulers were open to new ideas and tolerant of different peoples and their beliefs.
		During the Abbasid dynasty, Muslim traders brought sub-Saharan Africa into closer contact with the rest of the world and spread Islam in the process.
		While the Abbasid Dynasty was struggling to maintain control of its weakening empire, it faced a new threat from Europe.
	www.studentsfriend.com /sf/part1see/part1-6.html (2931 words)

	Iran Heritage
		Abbasid dynasty is the most famous dynasty of Islamic world.
		In December of 945, Ahmad the youngest brother, invaded Baghdad, the capital of Abbasid caliphs, and deposed the caliph and blinded him.
		He was the first king of "Kharazmshahian" dynasty, the dynasty that ruled most of Iran until the Mongol attack.
	www.iran-heritage.org /interestgroups/islamicera.htm (1312 words)

	Royalty.nu - Royalty and Religion - The Caliphate, Fatimids, Aga Khan
		The History of Al-Tabari: The Reunification of the Abbasid Caliphate, the Caliphate of Al-Ma Mun A.D. by Al-Tabari, translated by C.E. Bosworth.
		The Crisis of the Abbasid Caliphate by Al-Tabari, translated by George Saliba.
		Reinterpreting Islamic Historiography: Harun al-Rashid and the Narrative of the Abbasid Caliphate by Tayeb El-Hibri.
	www.royalty.nu /history/religion/Caliphate.html (734 words)

	Baghdad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		For one, the caliphal court revived Persian ceremonials, and for another, the Abbasids initiated the recruitment of Turkic mamluks, soldier-slaves brought in from the steppes through Transoxiana to constitute permanent caliphal regiments.
		The Iranization of the court under al Mansur was initiated and carried on by a dynasty of administrators (wazirs or viziers) known as the Barmecides (Barmakids), who hailed from Balkh (Afghanistan) and were possibly originally Buddhists.
		In Syria, Abbasid rule gave way to emirates, among which Mosul, Aleppo, and Homs were founded by the Hamdanid dynasty.
	www.worldhistoryplus.com /b/baghdad.html (768 words)

	Abbasid -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Their claim to power was finally ended in 1258, when (Click link for more info and facts about Hulagu Khan) Hulagu Khan, the (A member of the nomadic peoples of Mongolia) Mongol general, sacked Baghdad.
		The Abbasids also found themselves at odds with the (One of the two main branches of orthodox Islam; mainly in Iran) Shia, many of whom had supported their war against the Umayyads, since the Abbasids claimed legitimacy by their familial connection to Muhammed.
		Once in power, the Abbasids embraced (One of the two main branches of orthodox Islam) Sunni Islam and disavowed any support for Shi'a beliefs.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ab/abbasid.htm (1881 words)

	Abbasid dynasty -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The 'Abbasids took their name from an uncle of the Prophet Muhammad, al-'Abbas, whose descendants formed one of several groups agitating for change under the Umayyad dynasty.
		This was symbolized by their movement of the caliphal capital from Damascus to Baghdad, an area closer to the geographic centre of the empire and nearer the Persian hinterland.
		The last 'Abbasid caliph was executed by Mongol invaders, but a shadow Caliphate (of dubious authenticity) continued into the early 20th century.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9354370?tocId=9354370 (214 words)

	Iransaga - Arab Conquest
		The downfall of the empire was well underway when the Arab horsemen dealt the deathblow to the Sassanid dynasty and overran Persia first entering Ctesiphon in 637.
		The Abbasid Dynasty (750-945) established its capital at Baghad, near the old Sassanian capital.
		Persian scholars and artists played an important role in this intellectual activity; from the very beginning of the Abbasid Caliphate, they had been placed in charge of the highest court functions, and a large number of Iranian customs and traditions were rapidly adopted in Baghdad.
	www.art-arena.com /arab.html (334 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - VAULT - Royal Court of Egypt (Mamelukes) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In the early period of 'Abbasid rule, al-Mansur, the second caliph of the dynasty, continued the reorganization of the administration of the empire along the lines that had been laid down by his Umayyad predecessor, 'Abd al-Malik.
		Much of the 'Abbasid administration, for example, was left in the hands of well-educated Persian civil servants, many of whom came from families that had traditionally served the Sassanid kings.
		The vast territory of the Abbasid Caliphate consists of the provinces of Egypt, Cyrenaica, Quattara, Alexandria, Cataract, Nile, Sinai, Jordan, Arabia, Delta, Aleppo, Cyprus and Judea.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/showthread.php?t=167141&page=1 (10110 words)

	Harun al-Rashid Biography / Biography of Harun al-Rashid Biography Biography
		Harun al-Rashid (766-809) was the fifth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty.
		In 750 the Abbasid dynasty replaced the Umayyad as rulers of the Islamic Empire, and for a generation they were busy consolidating their rule and overcoming internal disorders.
		Harun al-Rashid was born at Reyy near Teheran in 766 (or perhaps 763), the third son of the third Abbasid caliph, Mohammed al-Mahdi.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-harun-al-rashid/index.html (246 words)

	NITLE Arab World Project
		The Abbasid dynasty's reign marks the beginning of the golden age of Arabic literature, as the tradition continues an earlier flow of influence from Hellenic and Near Eastern cultures.
		Although initially powerful, the caliphate of the Abbasid dynasty slowly dissipates until Baghdad is sacked by the Mongols in 1258.
		The Shi'ite Fatimid dynasty is established in Kairouan, in present-day Tunisia, bringing an end to the reign of the Aghlabids.
	arabworld.nitle.org /timeline.php?module_id=3&category_id=2 (2264 words)

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