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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Abbey of Saint-Denis
		Abbey of Saint-Denis is situated in a small town to which it has given its name, about four miles north of Paris.
		The abbey figured prominently in the history of France and its abbots were for several centuries amongst the chief seigneurs of the kingdom.
		Abbey of St-Denis became the head of a congregation of ten monasteries, and in 1633 it was united, with its dependent houses, to the new Congregation of St-Maur, when its conventual buildings were entirely reconstructed.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/13343b.htm (654 words)

	Saint
		Abbey Church of Saint Denis The Abbey Church of Saint Denis is an France.
		Cimetière Saint-Vincent Cimetière Saint-Vincent - The Cemetery of Saint Vincent at 6, rue Lucien-Gaulard in the 1831.
		Saint Mary's Catholic Church (Dubuque) Saint Mary's Catholic Church is a parish of the Dubuque, Iowa at the corner of 15...
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/saint.html (6585 words)

	Encyclopedia: Saint Denis Basilica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Saint Denis is a patron saint of France and, according to legend, was the first bishop of Paris.
		Saint Denis, also known as Denys, Dionysius, or Dennis is a Christian saint, bishop of Paris, martyr, and a patron saint of France.
		Saint Denis' Gothic structure that we know and see today was begun in 1136 by the Abbot Suger (1081-1155), but the major construction was not completed until the end of the 13th century.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Saint-Denis-Basilica (2136 words)

	The Destruction of the Royal Tombs in Saint Denis
		The Abbey of Saint Denis, which is located about 17 kilometres north of Paris, is the last resting place of most of the French kings and queens.
		Saint Denis was the first bishop of Lutetia (Paris).
		A royal funeral in St. Denis was out of the question: they were buried in the same cemetery as the other victims of the guillotine.
	www.xs4all.nl /~ejnoomen/story103.html (727 words)

	MSN Encarta - Print Preview - Gothic Art and Architecture
		The particular phase of Gothic architecture that was to lead to the creation of the northern cathedrals, however, was initiated in the early 1140s in the construction of the chevet of the royal abbey church of Saint-Denis, the burial church of the French kings and queens near the outskirts of Paris.
		The peculiarly Italianate idiom of the Gothic churches of Florence and the superficial reminiscences of the French Gothic facades on the cathedrals of Siena and Orvieto are but transitory phases in a development that leads from the Italian Romanesque to Filippo Brunelleschi and the beginnings of the Renaissance.
		Rejecting the aspiring verticality and the functional logic of the French cathedrals, the English churches emphasize length and horizontality, replacing the French polygonal apse with a square east end that is sometimes further prolonged by a rectangular Lady chapel (a chapel devoted to the Virgin Mary, characteristic of English cathedrals).
	encarta.msn.com /text_761562615___2/Gothic_Art_and_Architecture.html (2018 words)

	Creating French Culture (Library of Congress Exhibition)
		However, it was abbeys and monasteries that played the leading cultural role in the Carolingian kingdoms for it was in their scriptoria that manuscripts were produced and studied.
		The abbey of Cluny played a critical role in the monastic reform movement begun in the tenth century, forming the hub of a network of European monasteries where prayer, viewed as the remedy for sinfulness, took on ever increasing importance.
		Saint Louis probably commissioned this richly-decorated Bible on one of his visits to Acre, a flourishing port on the Palestine coast, and, after the loss of Jerusalem in 1187, the de facto capital of the Latin Kingdom and the Patriarchal See.
	www.loc.gov /exhibits/bnf/bnf0003.html (1959 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Abbot Suger on his Administration
		As royal abbey, St. Denis was a symbol of royal power, and what was done to it redounded to the glory of both the monarch and Franca Thus its renovation was a political as well as an architectural and religious event.
		The influence of the abbey church on French architecture was undoubtedly furthered by its role as political symbol.
		Moreover, with the devotion due to the blessed Denis, we acquired vessels of gold and precious stones for the service of the Lord's table, in addition to the ones already donated for this purpose by kings of the Franks and those devoted to the church.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/sugar.html (5053 words)

	gothic architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Gothic architecture is any of the styles of architecture, particularly associated with cathedrals and other churches, in use throughout Europe during the high and late medieval period, from the 12th century onwards.
		The historical style itself originated at the abbey church of Saint-Denis in Saint-Denis, near Paris, where it exemplified the vision of Abbot Suger.
		The first truly Gothic construction was the choir of the church, consecrated in 1144.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Gothic_architecture.html (942 words)

	AP Art History - Gothic Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		It housed the tombs of French kings, regalia of the French Crown, and the relics of Saint Denis, the patron saint of France.
		Abbey church of Saint-Denis became the prototype for a new architecture of space and light based on a highly adaptable skeletal framework constructed from buttressed perimeter walls and an interior vaulting system of pointed-arch masonry ribs.
		The vignettes of tradespeople might thus be a form of Church propaganda, images of an ideal world in which the Church was the center of society and the focus of everyone’s work.
	www.mcps.k12.md.us /schools/quinceorchardhs/art/2000-2001/arthistory/gothic/france.html (2845 words)

	St.-Denis Abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		he primary importance of this building, one of the last great abbey churches to be built, is that it became the monastic inspiration for city cathedrals and is known as the cradle of Gothic art.
		he medieval legend of Denis or Dionysius, the patron Saint of the abbey, is a combination of the lives of three different men: a martyr bishop, an apostolic disciple, and a famous philosopher.
		Nicknamed "Lucerna" (in Latin, "lantern") for the brilliance of its light, the abbey church is a key architectural project of the 13th century.
	ah.phpwebhosting.com /a/OUTofBFLO/fr/stdenis/hist/hist.html (1446 words)

	Architecture of Saint Denis
		This is the tympanum of the central portal on the west facade of Saint Denis.
		This is the central nave of the Abbey Church of Saint Denis.
		This part of the church is based on the foundation of the Carolingian church, which is buried beneath the ornate decorations of the Gothic influence.
	www.msu.edu /user/klosseli/architec.html (2198 words)

	Untitled
		Around 250 CE, Saint Denis is said to have left Rome to preach the gospel in Gaul.
		Saint Denis is the patron saint of France.
		Saint-Denis, France in the ambulatory chapel of the Abbey of Saint Denis
	www.msu.edu /user/klosseli/history.html (742 words)

	Gothic Materialism
		According to legend, Denis, Denys, or Dionysius was first converted to Christianity in Athens by the Apostle Paul (though he was born in Italy).
		After Paul's death, Denis was sent on a mission to Gaul to convert the native pagans to Christianity, accompanied by two companions, the priest Rusticus and the deacon Eleutherius.
		It is important to note that it was in the first half of the twelfth century that Saint Denis was named the patron saint of France and the abbey itself was noted as the principal church of the kingdom.
	www.students.sbc.edu /vandergriff04/gothicmaterialism.html (5094 words)

	Saint Patrick's Church: Saints of January 30
		Saint Waldetrudis, abbess of Mons, were the daughters of Saints Walbert and Bertilia.
		According to the Roman Martyrology, Saint Barsimaeus was the third bishop of Edessa from Saint Jude.
		Saint Bathildis is generally pictured as a crowned queen or nun before the altar of the Virgin, two angels support a child on a ladder (the ladder implies the pun échelle-Chelles) and also the vision she is said to have had at her death.
	www.saintpatrickdc.org /ss/0130.htm (2588 words)

	suger.html
		Abbot of Saint-Denis from 1122 to 1151, Suger is one of the most interesting representatives of French monastic culture in the 12th century, combining an extraordinary devotion to his monastery with an understanding of the weaknesses and potential strengths of the kings of France.
		Suger tells us how as a youth he used to look at the abbey's muniments and how he was aware not only of the domains now lost that the abbey had once possessed, but also how through mismanagement it was receiving much less revenue than it should.
		The first portion of his book on the administration of the abbey described how he carefully and painstakingly tried, first, to recover what was owed to the abbey, and, second, where possible to increase its revenues.
	www.utexas.edu /depts/french/web/Vessely/vessely/suger.html (697 words)

	Monastic Art and Architecture
		The most precious human remains in a monastic church were the relics of saints preserved in shrines behind the high altar, as in Sainte-Madeleine (Saint Mary Magdalen; 1120-40) at Vezelay, and Saint-Benoit-sur-Loire (Saint Benedict; begun 1065).
		Most churches belonging to the preaching orders have large naves as in the Dominican Church of Santi Giovanni e Paolo (Saints John and Paul; 1234-1430) in Venice, because public preaching and teaching were important.
		Similarly, the great Carolingian foundations of Saint Gall, Switzerland, of Ottobeuren, and of Saint Emmeram, Regensburg, both in West Germany, were all substantially and magnificently altered in the 18th century to become outstanding baroque and rococo monuments.
	www.efn.org /~russelln/art.html (2430 words)

	Saint Denis Sculpture
		Along with its role as the birthplace of Gothic architecture, the Abbey Church of Saint-Denis also continued as a protectorate of the monarchy and as the burial site of French kings spanning from the Merovingian era (AD 447-751;) to the later Bourbon dynasty (1589-1789 and 1814-1830).
		In this church, a martyrium, or crypt holding the remains of saints and martyrs as a shrine for prayer, was also added under the choir.
		Here St. Denis is portrayed in his final hours holding his decapitated head, near the original 12th century carvings of the signs of the Zodiac on the doorjambs.
	www.athenapub.com /14saint-denis.htm (2139 words)

	Joan of Arc's Armor: Iron-Clad Hoax or The Real Thing
		Let us consider the case of Saint Joan's 'White Armor.' This is truly a treasure hunt worthy of 'Indiana Jones!' There are two possible locations for her armor.
		Once King Charles and his entourage left the town of Saint Denis, it was retaken by the English.
		Finally, there would be a patch or some kind of repair to one of the thigh plates that was damaged or maybe even cracked, by the impact of the crossbow bolt that hit her when she was before Paris.
	www.stjoan-center.com /topics/armor.html (1455 words)

	Montmartre - Paris - France Monthly
		Saint Denis, first bishop of the region, would have even carried out his first evangelizations here.
		In 1133, the king Louis VI - fervent Christian devoted to Saint Denis - decided to establish an abbey for women on the mount of Montmartre, which over many centuries, had become a meeting place for the pilgrims.
		Its church â“ Saint Peterâs - miraculously escaped the devastation and is the oldest church of the Isle de France today.
	www.francemonthly.com /n/0104 (1661 words)

	Moines assistant à la mort de saint Benoît
		It was to be placed at the top of a window dedicated to the Saint's life.
		Saint Denis abbey was a Benedictine abbey governed by Benedictine rule.
		Very different in style from the other Saint Denis stained glass, this panel attests to the diversity of the origins of the artists who worked on the reconstruction of the abbey in the second quarter of the 12th century.
	www.musee-moyenage.fr /ang/pages/page_id18239_u1l2.htm (164 words)

	WTS = Great Moments In Catholic History
		The abbey was a royal one and one of the oldest in France.
		It had been founded by King Dagobert about A.D. 620 on the site where, according to tradition, the body of the martyr Saint Denis the Areopagite had been buried, and it was itself the burial ground of French kings.
		Also, it held the great oriflamme, the banner of Saint Denis: bright vermilion silk, set off on a staff of silver and gold, which, in the sun, seemed alive with fire, and which the kings of France carried into battle to guarantee victory.
	home.golden.net /~wts/words/greatmoments/GM09.html (644 words)

	Image - V&A
		From the chapel of St Louis in the abbey church of Saint-Denis, Paris
		This panel is composed of clear glass painted in grisaille and silver stain, with the bands of yellow creating a strong trellis effect.
		The fleurs-de-lis within the foliage indicate that it comes from a royal church, in this case the abbey church of Saint-Denis, Paris.
	www.vam.ac.uk /images/image/19463-popup.html (67 words)

	Campbell Corner - Poetry, Myth, and Philosophy
		Earlier depictions of the Crucifixion (fig.7) are accompanied by the sun and moon, which Saint Augustine interprets as the light from the sun of Christ in the New Testament illluminating the moon symbolizing the Old Testament.
		For Suger, the Abbey was the portal through which, by the grace of Denis and of God, the habitants would attain the heavenly edifice at the Table of Christ.
		The Abbey as macrocosm and the Arca roundel as microcosm are the signs of heavenly harmony and truth on Earth--intimations more directly of the future French glory to come, and it is by means of the signified of eternal life that the temporal signs of the Abbey gain political significance.
	pages.slc.edu /~eraymond/ccorner/exchange/clements.html (5691 words)

	Gothic Art Style Information at Buy Art
		A masterpiece example of Gothic art is the Abbey Church of Saint Denis near Paris, with its long tall windows, high arches and relatively thin walls.
		Human figures of saints and kings are depicted with somber expressions, thinking deep thoughts in grim reflection, but also exquisitely carved with a new attempt to individualize them.
		This is a time of scholastic learning, with the Church trying to prove religious tenets through rational thought and return to the original writing of the church’s founding fathers.
	www.buy-original-art.com /styles/gothic.htm (463 words)

	Medieval Architecture: The Rose Window
		In church archictecture, the oculus was usually found on the west façade.
		The abbey church of Saint-Denis is considered the first Gothic building.
		By the same token, saints depicted in the petals of a rose window can be seen as intermediaries (or paths) to Christ.
	dragon_azure.tripod.com /UoA/Med-Arch-Rose-Window.html (2215 words)

	The Walters
		Carved for the abbey church of Saint-Denis (just north of Paris), this dignified Old Testament king served as a model of secular rulership for the French kings who patronized this important church.
		The head, once part of a column figure on the west facade, was broken off during the French Revolution, when Saint-Denis became a target for vandals.
		This rare fan exemplifies the "Gunda Gunde Style" of manuscript decoration as it developed in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.
	www.thewalters.org /html/search_details_objects.asp?offset=20 (838 words)

	Le monde roman, Paris et Saint-Denis
		The two most prestigious abbeys in Paris, royally endowed since the time of the Merovingians, are represented by a number of pieces.
		The museum displays many capitals from the nave in the abbey of Saint-Germain-des-Prés as well as Sainte-Geneviève abbey, destroyed during the first Empire.
		The museum also shelters marble capitals, sculptures, and Romanesque stained glass from the abbey church of Saint Denis.
	www.musee-moyenage.fr /ang/pages/page_id18145_u1l2.htm (142 words)

	Ancestors of Eugene Ashton ANDREW & Anna Louise HANISH King Robert FRANCE, II ANDREW ANGERMUELLER HANISH STRUDELL ...
		"13 Robert the Pious d1031...In 1263 and 1264 at the request of Saint Louis, the tombs of the kings of France were disposed at St-Denis and buried between the pillars at the crossing of the transept, the Merovingians and Carolingians in the south, the Capetians in the north.
		The church disapproved of the association because it was within the forbidden degrees of relationship.
		He offended the Church by marrying his cousin Bertha (998), bore excommunica- tion patiently therefor and the taunts of those who thought her a witch; finally he separated from her and lived unhappily forever afterward.
	www.geneal.net /1443.htm (1089 words)

	RELICS OF SAINT JOAN
		As it is, the Church is quite content to leave the fragment in the custody of the museum because since the Church doesn't know, for sure, that it is from Saint Joan, it doesn't want to display it as a relic.
		The helmet hung over the high altar of the church of Saint Pierre du Martroi in the City of Orleans and it is believed that it was a votive offering given by Joan for the healing of the wound that she received at the Tourelles.
		The Church of Saint Remy in Domremy have three such relics, the holy water fountain, and the Baptismal fountain as well as the statue of Saint Margaret.
	stjoan-center.com /novelapp/joaap06.html (2365 words)

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