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	Abbey - LoveToKnow 1911
		The buildings of a Benedictine abbey were uniformly arranged after one lan modified where Y g P necessary (as at Durham and Worcester, where the monasteries,stand close to the steep bank of a river) to accommodate the arrangement to local circumstances.
		It was adorned with the portraits of the chief benefactors of the abbey, and with Scriptural subjects.
		The wall is nearly encircled by a stream of water, artificially diverted from the small rivulets which flow through the precincts, furnishing the establishment with an abundant supply in every part, for the irrigation of the gardens and orchards, the sanitary requirements of the brotherhood and for the use of the offices and workshops.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Abbey (7803 words)

	Congregation of Cluny
		The reform quickly spread beyond the limits of the Abbey of Cluny, partly by the founding of new houses and partly by the incorporation of those already existing, and as all these remained dependent upon the mother-house, the Congregation of Cluny came into being almost automatically.
		The abbey-church of Cluny was on a scale commensurate with the greatness of the congregation, and was regarded as one of the wonders of the Middle Ages.
		The community of the abbey, which had numbered three hundred in the thirteenth century, dwindled down to one hundred in the seventeenth, and when it was suppressed, in common with all the other religious houses in France, its monks numbered only forty.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/cluny,congregation_of.html (1227 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Cluny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Cluny CLUNY [Cluny], former abbey, E France, in the present Saône-et-Loire dept., founded (910) by St. Berno, a Burgundian monk and reformer.
		Cluny was one of the chief religious and cultural centers of Europe.
		Cluny Museum CLUNY MUSEUM [Cluny Museum] 14th- and 15th-century Gothic and Renaissance structure in Paris, built by Pierre de Chaslus, abbot of Cluny, and rebuilt by Jacques d'Ambroise.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Cluny (658 words)

	Abbey of Cluny - Cluny, France
		The abbey was built on a forested hunting preserve donated by William I the Pious, duke of Aquitaine and count of Auvergne.
		At Cluny the central art was the liturgy itself, extensive and beautiful in inspiring surroundings, reflecting the new personally-felt wave of piety of the 11th century.
		The Abbey of Cluny was guided by an orderly succession of able and educated abbots drawn from the highest aristocratic circles, two of whom were canonized: Saints Odo of Cluny, the second abbot (died 942) and Hugh of Cluny (died 1109).
	www.sacred-destinations.com /france/cluny-abbey.htm (1262 words)

	CLUNIAC ORDER. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Founded in 910 by the monk Berno and Count William of Aquitaine, the abbey’s constitution provided it freedom from lay supervision and (after 1016) from jurisdiction of the local bishop.
		With its independence thus guaranteed, Cluny became the fountainhead of the most far-reaching religious reform movement in the Middle Ages.
		Cluny stoutly supported the popes (and was itself under papal protection) and served vitally in the great reform program of Pope Gregory VII.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/cl/Cluniaco.html (201 words)

	Cluny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Benedictine Abbey of Cluny in the French department [i.e., an administrative division similar to what Americans know as a "county"-Ed.] of Saône-et-Loire in Burgundy was once the center of the highest spiritual and intellectual endeavor in Europe and boasted, before St. Peter of Rome was built, the largest church in Christendom.
		Cluny suffered severely from the onslaughts of the two 18th-century movements hostile to anything medieval: the Enlightenment, with its classical mania for regularity and uniformity, and the Revolution.
		Cluny was sold in 1798, a street was built through the nave of the church; in 1811 the bell towers of the sanctuary were dynamited, the ruins used as a rock quarry up to 1823, till finally it was accorded protection in 1826.
	www.sspx.ca /Angelus/2002_December/Cluny.htm (2354 words)

	Cluny and its abbey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Cluny's abbey is the main attraction this Burgundian city offers, although it does have several other interesting spots for tourists to visit.
		The abbey of Cluny is famous throughout the world due to its construction as well as to its history, and is one of the main attractions in the region of Burgundy.
		Cluny's abbey was built about one thousand years ago, and there is an important amount of historical data and facts living within its walls.
	www.eurotomic.com /france/cluny-and-its-abbey.php (399 words)

	Reading Abbey
		Because of its royal patronage, the abbey was one of the pilgrimage centres of medieval England, and one of its richest and most important religious houses, with possessions as far away as Herefordshire and Scotland.
		The Abbey’s Hospitium, the guest house for pilgrims, was converted into the Royal Grammar School of King Henry VII in 1485.
		The abbey was largely destroyed in 1538 during Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries.
	www.tudorplace.com.ar /Documents/reading_abbey.htm (850 words)

	Cluny Abbey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The town of Cluny, in the modern-day department of Saône-et-Loire in the region of Bourgogne, in east-central France, near Mâcon, grew round the former abbey, founded in a forested hunting reserve.
		The Hotel de Cluny in Paris, dates from around 1334, and was formerly the town house of the abbots of Cluny; it was made into a public museum in 1833 and apart from the name it no longer possesses anything originally connected with the abbey.
		Cluny was guided by an orderly succession of able and educated abbots drawn from the highest aristocratic circles, two of whom were canonized: Saints Odo of Cluny, the second abbot (died 942) and Hugh of Cluny (died 1109).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abbey_of_Cluny (1997 words)

	In Search of Cluny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		A thousand years ago the French abbey of Cluny was the hub of one of the most powerful empires of the Middle Ages, and the spiritual heart of Europe.
		The abbots of Cluny were among the most formidable men of their day; they were friends and advisers to successive popes and Holy Roman Emperors, as well as to the kings of England, France and Spain.
		This book tells the story of the abbey from its humble beginnings as a hunting-lodge given to a Benedictine monk by the local duke, through its centuries of glory, to its long decline until the French Revolutionary mob vandalized the buildings and it was auctioned to local entrepreneurs as a stone quarry.
	www.signalbooks.co.uk /books/cluny.htm (376 words)

	ABC News: On France's Abbey Road
		Cluny's abbey was built as part of a revival that spread throughout Europe in the 11th and 12th centuries.
		The pleasant little town that grew up around the abbey maintains its street plan with plenty of its original buildings, and even the same population it had in its 12th century heyday (4,500).
		Cluny has two sights: a Museum of Art and Archaeology and the abbey.
	abcnews.go.com /Travel/RickSteves/story?id=1919915 (698 words)

	Paisley Abbey Feature Page on Undiscovered Scotland
		Paisley Abbey's origins date back to 1163 and the signing of a charter by Walter Fitzalan, the High Steward of Scotland, for the founding of a Cluniac priory on land he owned in Renfrewshire.
		It says much of the skills of the craftsmen and women who have worked on Paisley Abbey over the past 150 years that this history of relatively recent restoration is not at all obvious to the visitor, except through the superb quality and condition of everything on display.
		As you might expect, the main body of the Abbey Church comprises the nave to the west of the tower and the choir, longer but narrower than the nave, to the east of the tower.
	www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk /paisley/abbey/index.html (964 words)

	Cluny, France
		The impulse that went out from Cluny led to the reform of existing monastic houses and the foundation of new ones, until there were some 2,000 Cluniac houses all over western Europe.
		The first church on the site (Cluny I), erected soon after the foundation of the order, was replaced by Cluny II (consecrated 981), a columned basilica with transepts and a type of choir (a main choir flanked by two subsidiary choirs) which found imitators in northern France and Germany.
		During the French Revolution the abbey was closed down, and thereafter was sold for the sake of its stone and demolished.
	www.planetware.com /france/cluny-f-bourg-clu.htm (172 words)

	Tourism Cluny Burgundy
		A genuine tourist destination, Cluny is a "Town of Art and History", full of cultural treasures.
		Built by the Cardinal de Bouillon of the Abbey of Cluny, in 1683.
		Presentation of sculpture and architectural exhibits from the Abbey and the medieval town.
	www.hotel-cluny.com /pages_en/clunisois.php (426 words)

	Ruere \| Holiday rental in Burgundy France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Immensely powerful, the abbey's abbots were considered as important as monarchs or popes, with four abbots still venerated as saints.
		The abbey closed in 1790, and the church later dismantled.
		The Museé d'Art et d'Archéologie is in the former abbey palace, built by Abbot Jean de Bourbon.
	www.ruere.com /htmlpages/cluny.html (290 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Cluny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Celebrated Benedictine monastery, founded in 909 by William, Duke of Aquitaine, in Cluny, Saone-et-Loire, France, which became the mother-house of a vast group of monasteries forming the Congregation of Cluny.
		It played an important part in the Church reform of the 11th century, and reached the zenith of its glory in the 12th century, when it is said the congregation had 2,000 monasteries.
		The abbey-church of Cluny was the largest monument in Christendom before the building of Saint Peter's of Rome, and a masterpiece of Romanesque architecture.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd02128.htm (173 words)

	Charter of Cluny
		This is a portion of the charter founding the Abbey of Cluny in A.D. This monastery began a major movement for Church reform.
		To all right thinkers it is clear that the providence of God has so provided for certain rich men that, by means of their transitory possessions, if they use them well, they may be able to merit everlasting rewards.
		From: "Charter of Abbey of Cluny," in E. Henderson, ed., Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages (London: George Bell, 1892) pp.
	www.thenagain.info /Classes/Sources/Cluny.html (296 words)

	Cluny, abbey, Burgundy, Bourgogne (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Cluny, located NW of Mâcon, is known for its famous Benedictine abbey St-Pierre et St-Paul, which was founded in 910 by Duke William the Pious of Aquitaine.
		Its abbots were considered as powerful as monarchs or popes, and four of them - Odon, Mayeul, Odilon and Hugues - are venerated as saints.The present abbey was built in 1089 and was a magnificent structure as the models show below.
		Unfortunately the majority of the abbey was destroyed during the French Revolution.
	www.centralia.ctc.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /~vfreund/FrenchResources/Frenchslides/BurgundyFrancheComte/Cluny/Cluny1.html (104 words)

	Cluny - City of Art and History
		The Benedictine Cluny Abbey, founded in 909 and dedicated to Saint Peter and Saint Paul, was the largest spiritual centre in the Christian world at the end of the 11th century.
		Sold as national property at the end of 18th century, the Abbey church was then used as a stone quarry, and partially demolished.
		The Ochier Museum, which houses the memory of the Cluny Abbey, is a must-see.
	perso.orange.fr /richez/Burgundy/Clunye.htm (959 words)

	Hugh of Cluny and the Age of Chivalry
		This is the feast-day of the Abbot of Cluny known to the Catholic Church as St. Hugh the Great.
		He was born into a noble French family in 1024 and died on the 28 of April 1109, when the Benedictine Abbey of Cluny was 200 years old.
		After the conquest in 1066 (from the spoils of which William the Conqueror made presents to Hugh at Cluny), it is said that Hugh mediated in the power dispute between Emperor Henry IV and Gregory VII.
	www.ronaldbrucemeyer.com /rants/0429almanac.htm (457 words)

	Monastery (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.isi.jhu.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Christian monasteries are also called abbey, priory, charterhouse, friary, and preceptory, while the habitation of nuns is also called a convent.
		Originally, all Christian monks were hermits, and especially in the Middle East this continued to be very common until the decline of Syrian Christianity in the late Middle Ages.
		Abbeys and priories in the Republic of Ireland
	monastery.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (795 words)

	Cluny Museum, Paris
		The former Hôtel de Cluny, now a museum of medieval art and culture, stands on the site of Roman baths in Paris, the remains of which can be seen at the corner of the Boulevard Saint Michel and Boulevard Saint-Germain.
		At the beginning of the 14th century the Benedictine abbey of Cluny in Burgundy acquired the site in order to build a town house for its abbots.
		The Hôtel de Cluny was then built between 1485 and 1510 under the direction of Abbot Jacques d'Amboise.
	www.planetware.com /paris/cluny-museum-f-p-mdc.htm (286 words)

	Odo of Cluny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		He was the son of a feudal lord of Deols, near Le Mans and received his early education at the court of William the Pious, duke of Aquitaine, then studied at Paris under Remigius of Auxerre.
		About 909, he became a monk, priest, and then superior of the abbey school in Baume, whose abbot, Berno, was the founder of the abbey of Cluny in 910.
		The papal privilege empowered him to unite several abbeys under his supervision and to receive at Cluny monks from Benedictine abbeys not yet reformed; the greater number of the reformed monasteries, however, remained independent, and several became centres of reform.
	www.artistopia.com /odo-of-cluny (356 words)

	Cluny : light of the Mediaeval World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The abbey was also well served by the strength of character and the longevity of its first six abbots, the last of whom, Hugh, a native of Semur-en-Brionnais, was instrumental in rebuilding the abbey church which was to remain the largest abbey church in Christendom until the 16C.
		Also well worth a visit: the abbey’s Flour Store with its exhibits of capitals from the choir of the abbey church and the town’s Museum of Art and Archaeology whose countless sculptures taken from the church and from Cluny’s Romanesque houses form a gigantic stone patchwork.
		Rebuilt at the time of Cluny III under the auspices of Abbot Hugh, the chapel is a very rare example of a building which has preserved the painted decoration prevalent at that time.
	www.burgundy-tourism.com /patrimoine/cluny_.htm (585 words)

	MC Journal: the Journal of Academic Media Librarianship. Audiovisual Reviews. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Cluny: A Light in the Night provides an introduction and broad overview of the socio-economic, architectural, political, and religious aspects and influences of the Benedictine abbey of Cluny during the Middle Ages.
		The narrator fails to explain any of the Cluny agricultural advances, but instead, we are left to assume that the monks had something to do with the plow.
		Cluny: A Light in the Night, provides a decent introduction to the medieval abbey, and is recommended for high school or undergraduate students in introductory classes on medieval history.
	wings.buffalo.edu /mcjreview/930077892.html (461 words)

	St. Odo of Cluny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		While a canon of Martin of Tours, St. Odo of Cluny became acquainted with Blessed Berno, the founder of Cluny, and became a monk of the Cluniac monastery of Baume.
		In 927, he succeeded Berno as abbot of Cluny and it was he who obtained from Pope John XI the privilege of exemption and was authorized by him to reform the monasteries of France and Italy, where monastic observance was at a very low ebb.
		Odo of Cluny was deeply devoted to St. Martin of Tours and as a young student imitated Martin in his love of beggars.
	www.ewtn.com /library/MARY/STODO.htm (454 words)

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