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	Medieval Sourcebook: Abbot Suger on his Administration
		Suger was born in 1081 of a very minor knightly family He was dedicated to the abbey of St. Denis at the age of nine or ten and came to see himself as its adopted child.
		Suger was in a position to recognize this fact.
		Thus Suger decided improvement was in order and in that year he began work on the west end of the church, building a new facade with two towers and three doors.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/sugar.html (5053 words)

	suger.html
		Abbot of Saint-Denis from 1122 to 1151, Suger is one of the most interesting representatives of French monastic culture in the 12th century, combining an extraordinary devotion to his monastery with an understanding of the weaknesses and potential strengths of the kings of France.
		Suger was born of a modest knightly family probably not too far from Saint-Denis and was given as an oblate to the abbey.
		Suger tells us how as a youth he used to look at the abbey's muniments and how he was aware not only of the domains now lost that the abbey had once possessed, but also how through mismanagement it was receiving much less revenue than it should.
	www.utexas.edu /depts/french/web/Vessely/vessely/suger.html (697 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Abbot Suger (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1118 he was sent by Louis VI to the court of Pope Gelasius II at Maguelonne[?], and lived from 1121 to 1122 at the court of his successor, Calixtus II.
		Suger was the friend and counsellor both of Louis VI and Louis VII.
		Suger's works served to imbue the monks of St Denis with a taste for history, and called forth a long series of quasi-official chronicles.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/ab/Abbot_Suger (459 words)

	Material and Immaterial (and Expensive)
		Suger’s defense seemed to portray the church as a relic itself: a physical point of connection between the earthly and spiritual realms, a material object whose adornment and adoration can bring one closer to immaterial heaven.
		Suger’s belief in the ability of beauty to draw the viewer to a higher realm is illustrated further in his description of the church’s consecration, an aesthetic experience that he transmutes into a religious one.
		Suger agreed that one should prefer “that which is spiritual to that which is corporeal, that which is eternal to that which is perishable”; men must transcend the “vexations and most grievous anxieties” of “corporal sensuality and of the exterior senses,” focusing instead on their “eternal reward” (83).
	www.stevesachs.com /papers/paper_haa14.html (2220 words)

	Untitled Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1118 Louis VI sent Suger to the court of Pope Gelasius II at Maguelonne, and he lived from 1121 to 1122 at the court of Gelasius's successor, Calixtus II.
		Suger served as the friend and counsellor both of Louis VI and Louis VII.
		Suger's works served to imbue the monks of St Denis with a taste for history, and called forth a long series of quasi-official chronicles.
	www.nottingham.ac.uk /sbe/History2/suger.html (470 words)

	The Basillica of St. Denis
		Suger himself was advisor to two kings (Louis VI and Louis VII) and regent of the realm during the second Crusade.
		It is Abbot Suger who is responsible for the construction of the basilica that doubles as the necropolis of the kings of France.
		Abbot Suger's basilica is the first structure to incorporate all the elements of "classic" Gothic architecture into one building.
	dragon_azure.tripod.com /UoA/Article-St-Denis.html (616 words)

	The Gnostic Science of Alchemy Chapter Twelve
		During the second decade of the 12th century, Suger served as prime minister of France and was at the center of the struggle between the French state and the church.
		Abbot Suger envisioned his church as the center of the new illuminated Christianity that seemed to be overtaking the old politically compromised Roman church in the early years of the 12th century.
		Abbot Suger approached the building of his new church with all the enthusiasm, and attention to detail, of the Renaissance alchemist in pursuit of the Philosopher's Stone.
	www.sangraal.com /library/gsa12.html (3620 words)

	Abbot Suger
		Abbot Suger's (1081-1151) autobiographical accounts, entitled Liber de De rebus in administratione sua gestis ("The book on what was done under his administration") and Libellus Alter De consecratione ecclesiae sancti dionysii ("The other little book on the consecration of the Church of Saint-Denis"), are among the best known sources of medieval art history.
		Suger's rebuilding of the church exemplifies the desire to get closer to this "one true light" in his use of heightened architecture as well as by his passion for light in the church.
		According to Panofsky, Suger desired the wealth of his cathedral to be superior to that of the basilica at Hagia Sofia in Constantinople.
	www.athenapub.com /14suger.htm (860 words)

	Chalice of the Abbot Suger of Saint-Denis
		Acquired by Abbot Suger for the French royal abbey of Saint-Denis, near Paris, the stone cup was set in gold and probably used in the consecration ceremony for the new altar chapels of the church on 11 June 1144.
		Suger, abbot of Saint-Denis from 1122 to 1151, was not only a Benedictine monk but also a brilliant administrator who served as regent of France during the Second Crusade.
		The cup incorporated in Abbot Suger's chalice was carved from sardonyx, probably in Alexandria, Egypt during the second to first centuries B.C. Suger's goldsmiths mounted the cup in a gold and silver setting with delicate gold-wire filigree and adorned it with gems.
	www.nga.gov /collection/gallery/medieval/medieval-1443.0.html (258 words)

	Suomalainen.com
		A biography of Abbot Suger (1081-1151), regent of France and abbot of one of the most important abbeys in Europe during the time of the Georgian reforms in which the author questions his reputation both as architect of French royal power and of St Denis.
		The first full biography in English of Abbot Suger (1081-1151) which uses literary, architectural and historical evidence to reassess one of the key figures of the twelfth century.
		Suger was active in both secular and religious affairs: he was Regent of France and he was Abbot of one of the most important abbeys in Europe during the time of the Gregorian reforms.
	www.suomalainen.com /sk/servlets/ProductServlet?action=productInfo&productID=1106591 (273 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Bernard of Clairvaux
		The influence of the Abbot of Clairvaux was soon felt in provincial affairs.
		In the meantime the abbot had returned to France in June, and was continuing the work of peacemaking which he had commenced in 1130.
		Abbot wrote to Eugenius III: "If there is any precious vase adorning the palace of the King of Kings it is the soul of the venerable Suger".
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02498d.htm (3253 words)

	Abbot Suger Summary
		Suger, through his promotion of the redesign and reconstruction of the Abbey Church of St. Denis, near Paris, France, is regarded as the originator of gothic architecture.
		Suger was as strict a disciplinarian as Bernard, and followed the Benedictine rule methodically, but still claimed that the more extravagant the church and its fittings, the greater the gift to God, and the greater the glory of God.
		In 1118 Louis VI sent Suger to the court of Pope Gelasius II at Maguelonne, and he lived from 1121 to 1122 at the court of Gelasius's successor, Calixtus II.
	www.bookrags.com /Abbot_Suger (1206 words)

	Gothic Materialism
		Suger believed that art is made for the honor of God and the saints, and is supported with various signs of celestial encouragement (the pulling of a heavy column by the weak, the protection of an unfinished vault, but also the provision of materials and funds).
		Suger supported the idea that a material representation had the ability to raise one's senses to a vision of the eternal ideal, "urging us onward from the material to the immaterial" (Camille 74).
		This seems a bit contradictory to Suger's preoccupation with the ornamentation and decorative elements that he also describes within the text, for it is the loveliness of these sorts of things that have the ability to transport the viewer from the material to the immaterial, not the work involved.
	www.students.sbc.edu /vandergriff04/gothicmaterialism.html (5094 words)

	Abbot Suger
		In 1118 Louis VI sent Suger to the court of Pope Gelasius II at Maguelonne, and he lived from 1121 to 1122 at the court of Gelasius's successor, Calixtus II.
		Suger served as the friend and counsellor both of Louis VI and Louis VII.
		Suger became the foremost historian of his time.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/ab/Abbot%20Suger.htm (430 words)

	Notre Dame
		He was also very likely acquainted with Abbot Suger, and certainly knew his splendid Abbey of St. Denis very well.
		Unlike the dark and gloomy interiors of ancient Roman temples, Abbot Suger argued that Christian structures should be eternally penetrated by divine light, in order to suggest the way that God's creation is eternally infused with his Holy Spirit.
		Suger, Sully and their theologians and architects quickly discovered that an immensely tall and skeletal structure would allow for huge areas of stained glass, while also providing a metaphoric expression of the Heavenly Jerusalem.
	classes.uleth.ca /200103/art2850b/lecture-notre-dame.html (1350 words)

	Discover Paris! - May 2004 - Suger's Treasures
		Abbot Suger, the ecclesiastical administrator of the Saint Denis abbey and basilica from 1121 to 1151, strove to enhance the prestige of his abbey and to increase his influence in royal affairs.
		A skillful and ambitious administrator, Suger set about to reform the abbey and rebuild the basilica, which had fallen into decay by the time that he was elected abbot.
		Although Suger was criticized by some, particularly by the austere Bernard, founder of the abbey of Clairvaux, for amassing sumptuous treasures at his basilica, he defended his belief that gold and precious objects help man exalt his spirit.
	www.discoverparis.net /Sugers-Treasures.html (670 words)

	Suger - Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Suger, 1081-1151, French cleric and statesman, abbot of Saint-Denis from 1122, minister of kings Louis VI and Louis VII.
		In 1147, Louis VII left on crusade and appointed a council of regency, of which Suger was the leading member.
		He liberated the abbey at Saint-Denis from the tribute formerly paid to exploiters, recovered alienated properties, built a new church, and enriched it with works of art; the church is sometimes considered the first great work of Gothic architecture.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Suger.html (530 words)

	Gothic Stained Glass
		Suger reformed and rebuilt the abbey and augmented its wealth.
		Suger was guided by a philosophy including the mysticism of light; this philosophy compelled him to enlarge the windows and beautify them with colored glass.
		Suger wrote, "Moreover we caused to be painted by the exquisite hands of many masters from different regions, a splendid variety of new windows both below and above: from that first one which begins with the
	www.shawcreekbirdsupply.com /stained_glass_gothic.htm (456 words)

	lecture2.html
		begun 1064 by Duke William of Normandy (William the Conqueror), Lanfranc became abbot in 1066, church consecrated in 1073 or 1077 or 1081, choir rebuilt in the Gothic period.
		Abbot Suger of St. Denis, born 1081, abbot of St. Denis 1122-1151.
		Two aims of Suger were to strengthen Capetian crown and aggrandize the abbey.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~hart205/Lectures/lecture33.htm (597 words)

	Eleanor19 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The abbot heard the royal footsteps receding, they sounded angry, obstinate, filled with youthful temperament and inexperience.
		Abbot Suger sat watching his hands folded together on his desk.
		The Abbot lifted his hands and rubbed his face, he sat for a while staring into the darkness created by their palms over his eyes.
	www.philae.nu /Eleanor/Eleanor19.html (608 words)

	No. 825: Gothic Cathedral
		The other was Suger, born poor and given to a monastery by his father.
		Suger became the politically powerful Abbot of the St-Denis monastery.
		Suger made monastic reforms that satisfied Bernard, but the two were far apart in spirit.
	www.uh.edu /engines/epi825.htm (613 words)

	Suger on Saint-Denis
		Suger was born in 1081 of a very minor knightly family.
		The Book of Suger Abbot of St. Denis on What Was Done During his Administration is one of two works by Suger concerning the abbey church of St. Denis.
		Suger strove for the glory of the church,
	faculty.juniata.edu /tuten/suger.html (973 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For the Gothic era, we have such a man. The man is a Benedictine abbot called Suger, the place, the Abbey Church of St.-Denis near Paris around 1144.
		Abbot Suger belonged to a group that had controlled most of the church building in the Romanesque style.
		Suger understood that all you have to do is to have something bracing the arches from the sides and you can make pointed arches.
	library.thinkquest.org /11114/html/gothic-no.htm (474 words)

	Abbot Suger . 1081 . Eleonora av Akvitanien (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abbot Suger, född ca 1081, död 31 januari 1151, var en Frankrike fransk abbot, statsman och historiker.
		Suger tjänade som rådgivare och vän både till Ludvig VI av Frankrike Ludvig VI och Ludvig VII av Frankrike Ludvig VII och hade en betydande maktposition.
		Abbot Suger lät uppföra den gotik gotiska klosterkyrkan Saint-Denis.
	www.se.fraquisanto.net /Abbot_Suger (321 words)

	Abbot Suger, the Cathedral of St. Denis, the history of art....
		Abbot Suger, the Cathedral of St. Denis, the history of art....
		George Heard Hamilton, lectured to us about Abbot Suger seeing the beautiful objects made of precious materials with which he furnished the church, as symbolizing God and, by their radiant beauty, drawing persons' attention up above earthly matters to higher, Heavenly things.
		Neither had I been taught to expect meaning in my life, in Abbot Suger's radiant religious objects or anywhere else, even after the teacher said there was meaning in Abbot Suger's precious objects (and the things they symbolized).
	www.users.cloud9.net /~bradmcc/Suger.html (746 words)

	Clint Albertson, SJ
		Europe's great 13th and 14th century Gothic cathedrals were born in a suburb of Paris in the mid-12th century when the Abbot Suger rebuilt the ancient church of his Abbey of St-Denis.
		This was France's royal abbey, burial place of its kings, but it was showing its age, and Suger decided to rebuild it in a splendid new fashion, to the glory of God and the prestige of the Capetian monarchy.
		Unlike the austere Norman facades, however, Suger filled his entrance portals with sculpture, more in the fashion of the Burgundian Romanesque..And since his church was to be a symbol of the New Jerusalem, he had a Last Judgment sculpted in the tympanum over the larger, central doorway.
	jesuit.lmu.edu /albertson/french_cathedrals/01.html (424 words)

	John abbot college (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the recent confederation of this class holds in his rule, and the church st. A further variety of john abbot college abbotsregular are the thebaid; a power of the benedictine.
		Abbots are furthermore privileged to their regular but also an obligation.
		Abbots are furthermore necessary that in the cassinese congregation of the swissgerman congregation.
	abbot.egroj.com /john-abbot-college.html (1353 words)

	Preston Studios - Essays
		Although the oldest extent large-scale stained glass windows are in the German Catheral in Augsburg, it is the Abbey Church of St Denis, near Paris, which marked the real revolution which was to sweep Europe in architecture and glass.
		From 1122 to 1151 the Abbot Sugar served the Abbey of St Denis and the French Monarchy.
		The Abbot Suger believed that with immense walls of colored light his congregations could focus on the more positive aspects of Christianity – redemption and hope.
	www.prestonstudios.com /essays.html (308 words)

	abbot suger (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Abbot suger Improvements abbot suger each abbot suger will contribute to reductions in tobacco-related morbidity abbot suger death, and success in one area abbot suger contribute to improvements in abbot suger other areas as abbot suger abbot suger tobacco-use abbot suger for abbot suger will reduce exposure to ETS.
		Abbot suger differ from abbot suger used abbot suger abbot suger abbot suger studies.
		These abbot suger were selected because they abbot suger been linked to improved health outcomes.
	hometown.aol.com /ygvvgyygv/abbot_suger.html (274 words)

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