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Topic: Abd al Qadir Sokoto

	Africa and Slavery, 1801 to 1860
		Campaigns of expansion were launched, and by 1817, the Muslims had built an empire - the Sokoto Empire - more than five hundred miles (800 kilometers) from west to east and as far south as Kontagora.
		The caliph of the Sokoto Empire from 1817 to 1837 was Muhammad Bello, who wrote tracts on science, law, morality, history and Islamic doctrine.
		West of the Sokoto Empire, the Masina Empire had arisen after conflict in the 1700s between Muslim herdsmen and Masina overlords.
	www.fsmitha.com /h3/h37-af.html (7009 words)

	CQ Press : Current Events In Context : Terrorism
		In the Arabian Peninsula Muhammad Ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703- 1792) presented an absolutist vision of reform based on a strict interpretation of the Qur'an in the tradition of Ibn Taimiyya.
		In Algeria it was the Amir Abd al-Qadir, with his Qadiriyya organization, that led the strongest opposition to the French invasion in 1830.
		In Iran Abd al-Karim Soroush, who supported the Islamic revolution and republic, argued that Islam should provide values and norms for all of life but should not be turned into a political ideology.
	www.cqpress.com /context/articles/epr_islam.html (7454 words)

	SA Index
		‘Abd Allah al-Ghadamisi: 7, 61-96; 9, 91-134; 11, 95-105.
		'"The Defeat of the Infidels": A Poem by Sayyid Muhammad ‘Ali ‘Abd Allah Hasan of Somalia', Lidwien Kapteijns and Mursal Farah Afdub: 10, 27-47.
		al-Ghadamisi, ‘Ali ‘Abd Allah: 7, 61-96; 9, 91-134; 11, 95-105.
	www.hf-fak.uib.no /institutter/smi/sa/saindex.html (9410 words)

	Igba Vishigh OP: Chapter 3
		It was in this situation the Sokoto became restless, and therefore faced imminent danger with the British troops under the command of Colonel Moland.
		The Sultan of Sokoto attended the meeting, with thirteen provinces sending in their delegations and of course, the Sardauna was there.
		The Sardauna of Sokoto was interviewed by the Gaskiya ta fi Kwabo, 15 August 1960.
	www.diafrica.org /nigeriaop/Vishigh/phd3.htm (11479 words)

	Salaam Knowledge
		The founder of the Al Mohad dynasty in North...
		The Moorish historian born in Algeria and au...
		The 15th Abbaside caliph, was the son of Al...
	www.salaam.co.uk /knowledge/biography/bio_letter.php?letter=a (2363 words)

	Sufism, Sufis, and Sufi Orders: Sufism's Many Paths
		A representative example of the works attributed to Shaykh 'Abd al-Qadir is On Removing the Cares of the Heart, which is the seventh discourse in his Futuh al-ghayb (Revelations of the Unseen).
		Another source for works attributed to him is the website devoted to his discourses.
		Usman dan Fodio and the Sokoto Caliphate (Link fixed 22 September 2005) (a short but useful article from the Library of Congress Country Study of Nigeria).
	www.uga.edu /islam/sufismorders.html (4707 words)

	Qadiriyyah Summary
		At first ʿAbd al-Qadir's education in Baghdad, where he arrived in 1095, was fairly conventional; he was trained to be a lawyer (faqih) in the Hanbali school and appears to have showed no inclination for mysticism.
		In Baghdad, ʿAbd al-Qadir's mausoleum became the site of a local Qadiri order; there were other Qadiri centers in Iraq and Syria by the beginning of the fourteenth century.
		Some famous Qadiri Sheikhs include Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri who led the Algerian resistance to French colonialism and Sheikh Usman dan Fodio whose followers Islamized much of West Africa and established the Caliphate of Sokoto in Northern Nigeria.
	www.bookrags.com /Qadiriyyah (851 words)

	The Jihad and the Consolidation of Sudanic Intellectual Tradition
		According to Wazirin Sokoto Alhaji Junaidu[8] the ancestor of the Toronkawa was Rama son of Esau
		Although al-Kanemi entered into a lengthy debate with Sokoto leadership, challenging it over the status of Islam in Borno, he was himself aware that all was not well with the state of Islam in the country.
		Also in the same correspondence with Sokoto, he accused the leadership of the quest for power and worldliness, and although he tried to emphasize his religious inclination, all indications seem to point to the fact that his moves and actions were politically motivated.
	www.gamji.com /article3000/NEWS3659.htm (6045 words)

	Research in African Literatures--The Arabic Literary Tradition of Nigeria
		'Abd Allah also wrote several works on asceticism in prose, among them Matiyyat al-zad ila'l-ma'ad, as did Muhammad Bello whose Jala' al-samam on "spiritual sicknesses" and Jala' al-sudur on the transitoriness of the world may be taken as typical examples of the genre.
		During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries many accounts were written of the jihad and of the reigns of the successive rulers of the Sokoto Caliphate, the fullest being the Dabt al-multaqatat of the wazir Junayd which has been translated into Hausa under the title Tarihin Fulani [History of the Fulani].
		Ahmad Kani, Cairo, 1987, and 'Umar 'Abd Allah, Kano, 1988.
	iupjournals.org /ral/ral28-3.html (6127 words)

	Africa - MSN Encarta
		France annexed Algiers and the fertile coastal region in 1834 and invited in French settlers to occupy the land.
		Although Abd al-Qadir was captured in 1847, French conquest of Algeria was not completed until the 1870s.
		On the upper Niger River, a jihad was led by Umar Tal, a Muslim preacher from Fouta Toro.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761572628_30/Africa.html (1827 words)

	Muslim History 1803-1990 (InterIslamicNet)
		Amir Abdul Qadir surrendred to France under the condition of safe conduct to a Muslim country of his choice but France violated its pledge and sent him as a captive to France.
		His father was the Sharif of Mecca; Abd al-Karim leads a revolt against colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the "Republic of the Rif".
		The Turkish Caliphate is abolished; King Abd al-Aziz conquers Mecca and Medina, which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and Hijaz.
	members.tripod.com /~bimcrot/sv/chrono7.html (1104 words)

	Islamic History (Chronology)
		The Buwayhid Sultan ud Daula is Overthrown by Musharaf ud Daula, Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hakim, accession of Al Zahir.
		Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qadir, accession of Al Qaim.
		Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid.
	www.barkati.net /english/chronology.htm (8011 words)

	A Chronology of World Political History (1801 - 1850 C.E.)
		Sokoto became the suzerain of the Hausa-Fulani states.
		After the French army captured Mascara, Abd al-Qadir, leader of the Algerian rebels, fled to the Alawi Regime and continued his guerilla warfare.
		In 1847 France suppressed the rebellion of Abd al-Qadir.
	www.geocities.com /kfzhouy/Chron/Chron12e.html (9197 words)

	Access Islam
		Followers of the puritanical Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, the Wahhabis, occupy Mecca and Medina.
		Islamic teacher Usumanu dan Fodio establishes the Sokoto Caliphate in Nigeria.
		Abd al-Qadir revolts against French occupation and defeats them at Macta River in Algeria.
	www.thirteen.org /edonline/accessislam/timeline1290.html (939 words)

	Qadriyya
		In Ithaf al-khald'iq he presents the genealogy of the founder, 'Abd al-Qadir, and a considerable amount of biographical data.
		With regard to the praise of Qadiriyya saints, it is clear that instead of being a perfunctory gesture it is a culmination of the past that is directed into the brotherhood experience.
		The praise of a primary saint, 'Abd al-Qadir, should not obscure the central fact of all the reformed brotherhoods: an individual is encouraged to do addu'a (al-du'a), that is, to pray directly to God.
	www.kanoonline.com /religion/qadriyya/publications.html (3552 words)

	Discover the Wisdom of Mankind on Blinkbits.com
		Abd Al Aziz Sayer Uwain Al Shammeri (en)
		Abd Al Salam Ghaytan Murayyif Al Zayda Al Shihri (en)
		Abd ar-Rahman Muhammad ibn al-Husayn ibn Muhammad ibn Musa ibn Chalid ibn Salim ibn Rawia as-Sulami (de)
	www.blinkbits.com /wikifeeds/AB?from=6900 (208 words)

	Qadiriyyah
		The order is one of the most widespread of the Sufi orders in the Islamic world and can be found in India, Pakistan, Turkey and the Balkans and much of East and West Africa.
		Some famous Qadiri Sheikhs include Sheikh Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri who led the Algerian resistance to French colonialism and Sheikh Usman dan Fodio whose followers Islamized much of West Africa and established the Caliphate of Sokoto in Northern Nigeria.
		As a result, even opponents to Sufism such as the Hanbali Sheikhs Ibn Taymiya, his student Ibn al-Qayyim and Ibn Rajb al-Hanbali were all followers of the Qadiri Sufi order and spoke highly of Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani.
	www.ufaqs.com /wiki/en/qa/Qadiriyyah.htm (228 words)

	[No title]
		Abd Allah was born in northwestern Sudan in 1844 CE/1260 AH.
		Muhammad Ahmad's right-hand man, Abd Allah, was first among equals and commanded the army: he received the title "righteous caliph," equating him with Abu Bakr, the first caliph.
		In 1888-89 Abd Allah sent an army to invade Egypt, but it was thrown back by British and Egyptian troops.
	www.sociologyesoscience.com /holiestw.html (6790 words)

	Traditional polities
		Mar 1906 - Mar 1915 Khaliru II dan `Abd al-Qadiri (b.
		Jun 1950 - 1985 Haruna III dan `Abd al-Qadiri (b.
		20 Apr 1817 Sokoto styled sultanate, the suzerain of all Fulbe
	www.onlinenigeria.com /rulers/traditional.asp (5145 words)

	North Africa (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Ceding political and military control of the new empire to his two sons, Muhammad Bello at Sokoto and Abdullah at Gwandu, Usman created a puritanistic Muslim presence in the central Niger River basin.
		The French took Tiaret in 1843; Abd al-Qadir was thereafter confined to the interior until his surrender in 1847.
		Although he gave the French much trouble as a (in modern terms) guerrilla fighter, he was by no means a two-dimensional insurrectionist; he retired to Damascus in 1855, and gave himself over to writing and philosophy.
	www.hostkingdom.net /noafrica.html (2725 words)

	webPulaaku/History. Culture. Islam/L. Brenner/Cerno Bokar Saalif Taal/Religious Heritage (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Amadu Tafsiir was a Tijani Sufi and the student of a student of al-Hajj Umar — a scholarly pedigree carrying prestige.
		Since it is extremely unlikely that one would undertake the reading of these Sufi texts before studying Arabic language and grammar, it seems more probable that the “stages” of firugol and funûn were undertaken concurrently and were in some fashion intermingled.
		Two recent publications by 'Abd al-Qâdir as-Sûfî are particularly interesting from this point of view: Indications ftom Signs (Atlanta, 1979); and The Hundred Steps (Norwich, 1979).
	www.pulaaku.net /defte/brenner/religious_heritage.html (12887 words)

	Chronology of Islamic History (Site not responding. Last check: )
		: The Buwayhid Sultan ud Daula is Overthrown by Musharaf ud Daula, Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hakim, accession of Al Zahir.
		: Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph Mustarshid; accession of Al Rashid.
		: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid.
	islamic-world.net /islamic-state/chronology.htm (8830 words)

	African Religion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The late `Abd al‑Qadir Kuka, the old blind sanjak from the Nuba hills, the son of a slave, used to talk a lot about Mecca.
		She said she was not afraid because shaykh `Abd al‑Qadir al‑Blani would protect her.
		Asma'u's intellectualism, her efforts to deal practically and sensibly with the problems faced by nineteenth century society in what today is Northern Nigeria, and the ways in which her works and memory have been cherished are now, in this book, made available to a larger audience.
	www.sirreadalot.org /religion/religion/africanreligionR.htm (4221 words)

	Bibliographie
		I, 1932) édité et traduit en anglais par Ahmad Muhammad Kani dans « The Life and Works of Abd al-Qadir b.
		As translated by J. Withers Gill, A Short History of The Dagomba Tribe.
		A paper presented at Internationnal Seminar on Intellectual tradition in the Sokoto Caliplate and Borno.
	www.histoire-afrique.org /rubrique8.html?&limite=90&rech=Niger (445 words)

	Summary and Evaluation of Middle East & Africa to 1875 by Sanderson Beck
		While the imperial army of al-Hajjaj subdued the east as far as India, 'Abd al-Malik's son al-Walid (r.
		Religious leader 'Abd al-Qadir ibn Hammadi defeated the Moors, was captured, and in 1796 invaded Wolof.
		Shaykh Usman established a caliphate at Sokoto and implemented Islamic law (shari'a) in the provinces; he was succeeded by his son Muhammad Bello (r.
	www.san.beck.org /1-15-Summary.html (14077 words)

	RE: Islam and Colonialism in West Africa
		Lugard was gravely mistaken; nevertheless, the military campaigns against the Muslims continued, which resulted in a less than honorable victory in Sokoto.
		The fact that the Sokoto Caliphate fought--even though he was militarily weak--exaggerated Islamic militancy.
		Shortly after the battle, the British buried their unfounded apprehensions and came to terms with Sokoto.
	www.theblacklist.net /board/msgs/10118.html (2416 words)

	SomaliNet Forum (Archive) - The Role of Tasawuf in Islam Mysticism
		Sheikh Muhammad ibn Abd al Wahhab ibn Sulaiman ibn Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rashid al Tamimi was born in the year 1155 A.H.(1703 C.E.) in ‘Ayina to the north of Riyadh, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia during the reign of Abdulla ibn Muhammad ibn Hamd ibn Muammar.
		Sheikh Abd al Aziz bin Abdullah al Hussein al Nasim who was a Judge in the territory of Al Washm.
		[#893] al-Shaykh `Abd al-Qadir (Al-Jilani): The shaykh, the imam, the scholar, the zahid, the knower, the exemplar, Shaykh Al-Islam, the distinguished one among the Awliya...
	somalinet.com /forum/messages/4669/22001.html?986276493 (15967 words)

	African Religion (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The late `Abd al‑Qadir Kuka, the old blind sanjak from the Nuba hills, the son of a slave, used to talk a lot about Mecca.
		She said she was not afraid because shaykh `Abd al‑Qadir al‑Blani would protect her.
		Asma'u's intellectualism, her efforts to deal practically and sensibly with the problems faced by nineteenth century society in what today is Northern Nigeria, and the ways in which her works and memory have been cherished are now, in this book, made available to a larger audience.
	www.wordtrade.com /religion/worldreligions/africanreligionR.htm (7452 words)

	SalafiTalk.Net - Information needed on author
		The Sankore’ University was the symbol of the spirit of the society, the guardian of its morals and the formulator of its hopes and aspirations.” Our teacher, the late Waziri of Sokoto, Junayd ibn Muhammad al-Bukhari once said, “Knowledge is universal and eternal but it has a social and cultural stamp.
		i believe it is referring to uthman dan fodio, because of the reference to sokoto.
		He established the Sokoto Islamic state which ruled by Sharee'ah in West Africa.
	www.salafitalk.net /st/viewmessages.cfm?forum=9&topic=4649 (2396 words)

	Nigerian traditional polities
		21 Feb 1804 Sokoto, the centre of the Fulbe jihad, established 20 Apr 1817 Sokoto styled sultanate, the suzerain of all Fulbe jihad states Ruler (title Amir al-Mu´minin, also styled Lamido Julbe) 21 Feb 1804 - 20 Apr 1817 Imam `Usuman dan Muhammad Fodio (b.
		1848) 1848 - 1866 Hamman I dan `Abd Allahi 1866 - 1869 Hamman II dan `Umaru 1869 - 1874 Sulaymanu dan Hasan 1874 - 1877 Muhammadu I dan `Abd Allahi 1877 - 1878 Muhammadu II dan `Abd Allahi (b.
		Note: The rulers of Zaria belong to four lineages of the ruling dynasty: Bornawa, Katsinawa, Malawa, Sulibawa; the lineage is indicated by its initial in [ ].
	rulers.org /nigatrad.html (7060 words)

	islamichistory
		1243: Death of the Al Mohad ruler Abdul Walid II, accession of
		1244: The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash.
		Qurratul Ain Tabira, a renowned poetess andstaunch advocate of Babism also shot dead.
	www.angelfire.com /az/Omid/islamhistory.html (8934 words)

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